Implementation Of Language Research Articles

Специфика современного этапа развития переводоведения: смена парадигм

The research paradigmatics of current translatological studies is heterogeneous. The aim of this article is to provide a brief outline of different research paradigms, major concepts and theories in the countries of Eastern, Western Europe and Russia. Numerous translation researches carried out within the linguistic approach from the 50s until the 90s have not lost their relevance. The latest studies of the early 21th century show a shift in emphasis from the language system towards speech, text as a speech implementation of language and increased attention to the activities of the translator. These studies complement the linguistic approach, indicating growing trends towards text-centrism and anthropocentrism. Trends in the synthesis of scientific knowledge are expressed in the attempt to combine the ideas of text-centric and anthropocentric approaches into a single whole within the framework of the activity paradigm understanding translation as an activity

A decision-making framework for selecting an MBSE language–A case study to ship pilotage

The increasing system complexity due to technological advances in recent decades requires the implementation of Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) languages. While MBSE languages can support in creating detailed and precise system descriptions, requirements, functions, and component interactions, the development of several modelling languages has formed a challenge for system engineers to select a suitable modelling language for complex operations. Since the implementation of MBSE modelling languages is extensive and requires high resources, system engineers need to select the most suitable one for their project. Furthermore, the prepared system models are utilized by different end-users such as system engineers, operators, and marketing professionals. As a result, it is necessary to integrate the perception of end-users in the modelling language selection process. Hence, a decision-making support framework needs to be developed, which will incorporate the opinions of end-users in the selection process. Correspondingly, this study proposes a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework aimed to select the most appropriate and practical modelling language. The framework integrates the end-user’s perception in the selection process using the Technology Acceptance Model and reckons the MBSE language features as comparison criteria. To analyze the data collected from the end-users, integration of Multinomial Process Tree modelling and Bayesian inference is developed. The applicability of the proposed model was tested in a ship pilotage operation case study. The results show that the framework can support system engineers during the initial selection process of the MBSE modelling language.

EPHS: A Port-Hamiltonian Modelling Language

A prevalent theme throughout science and engineering is the ongoing paradigm shift from isolated systems to open and interconnected systems. Port-Hamiltonian theory developed as a synthesis of geometric mechanics and network theory. The possibility to model complex multiphysical systems via interconnection of simpler components is often advertised as one of its most attractive features. The development of a port-Hamiltonian modelling language however remains a topic which has not been sufficiently addressed. We report on recent progress towards the formalization and implementation of a modelling language for exergetic port-Hamiltonian systems. Its diagrammatic syntax is the operad of undirected wiring diagrams with an interpretation akin to bond graphs. Together with a port-Hamiltonian semantics defined as an operad functor, this enables a modular and hierarchical approach to model specification.

Формирование иноязычной предметной компетенции студента технического вуза в рамках реализации предметно-языкового интегрированного обучения

In the theory and methods of foreign language teaching, the development of the integration of language and subject competencies is increasingly becoming the leading goal of teaching, and a competency-based approach is being implemented in the process of training graduates of higher educational institutions. This approach, first of all, is aimed at strengthening the practice-oriented vector in education. In this regard, the implementation of CLIL technology (content and language integrated learning) is becoming very popular in higher education. The study substantiates the need to develop foreign language subject competence among students of the interdisciplinary direction of training “Industrial Management” on the basis of Peter the Great Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University. A comparative analysis of the approaches of various researchers in the framework of the implementation of the competence-based approach is made, the problems of developing the component composition of foreign language subject competence are described. As subcompetencies of foreign language subject competence, the following were defined and described: linguistic, subject, communicative, cognitive and intercultural components. The indicators of achieving a given level of mastering each component of a foreign language subject competence are described through descriptions of the acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities. Methods for assessing the development of individual subcompetences of foreign language subject competence were also established and described. It is substantiated that the development of the subject foreign language communicative competence of students of a technical higher educational institution in the framework of the implementation of content and language integrated learning is an effective tool in the framework of the modern educational space and can be considered as an advanced learning experience.

E-learning Platforms Used by the EFL Teacher during Distance Learning

Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, learning activities had to be changed from face-to-face activities in class to distance learning. The e-learning platform has been essential to use since the covid-19 outbreak. However, online learning has several obstacles, such as the lack of facilities owned by students. Some parents and students face a problem during distance learning because they do not have a computer or android device. This study aims to analyze the bold learning platform used by EFL teachers during the covid-19 outbreak and analyze the use during distance learning. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Observations and interviews were used as methods in this study. The subject of this research is an EFL teacher. This study indicates that EFL teachers entirely use WhatsApp as an e-learning platform to carry out teaching activities during distance learning using several steps. First, the teacher sends a greeting, reviewing the previous material and information on today's material. Second, the teacher provides additional material in e-modules and learning videos. Third, the teacher gives some assignments to students. Fourth, the teacher collects the collection of assignments. This research can be used as a reflection on how the implementation of classroom language used by the EFL teacher during distance learning.

SCIENTIFIC PALETTE OF UKRAINIAN LINGUIST NADIIA BOYKO: DECODE ATTEMPT

The article uses the metaphor of “scientific palette” to focus on the reception of the scientific work of Doctor of Philology, Professor Nadiia Ivanivna Boyko. Attention is focused on the innovative research of the famous Ukrainian linguist, summarized in the individual and collective monographs “Ukrainian Expressive Vocabulary: Semantic, Lexicographic and Functional Aspects” (2005), “Mythologemes in the Ukrainian Romantic Space” (2010), “Connotative Lexical Semantics: Intensive and Parametric Components” (2011), “Expressive Potential of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s Idiolect: Lexical and Phraseological Components” (2017); “Expressive Semantics: Discursive Interpretation” (2018), educational, methodological and lexicographic works. Author summed up the results of the study of the semantic and functional peculiarities of the expresctive vocabulary of the Ukrainian literary language, the interpretation of the emotional and appraised shades, the signifi cance of the lexem in the dictionary and the ways of their implementation in the artistic language in the monograph “Ukrainian expressive vocabulary: semantic, lexicographic and functional aspects” (2005). In the monograph “Mythologems in the Ukrainian Romantic Space” (co-author – A.M. Kaidash, 2010) the theoretical principles of understanding the main categories of mythologems are substantiated on the rich factual material from the works of Ukrainian romantic writers. In the scientific work “Conotative lexical semantics: intensive and parametric components” (co-authored with T.L. Khomich, 2011), we discuss the theoretical foundations of studying the intensive and parametric components in the modern linguistic paradigm, the intensive and parametric components in the semantic structure of the connotated word, and about their interaction with other components of the semantics of the connotated lexical units. Monograph “Expressive potential of idiollect of Volodymyr Vynnychenko: lexical and phraseological components” (2017) by N.I. Boiko, L.I. Kotkova is a new comprehension of the linguistic and creative personality of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, which will stimulate the study of idiostyles of Ukrainian writers, comparative study of individually-authored pictures of the world. As a cursory review of N.I. Boyko’s work shows, her research potential is very powerful, and her scientific palette is rich and diverse. In her works, the linguist covers topical issues of the modern existence of language, she is attracted by the complex and unknown, which she manages to study and make close and understandable.

The Manipulative Potential of Stylistic Means in Contemporary Media Discourse

The article considers the manipulative potential of stylistic means in modern media discourse. Media discourse is a special type of communication, characterized by high manipulative potential. Despite the abundance of relevant literature on various aspects of manipulation, the study of the mechanisms of speech influence in the media remains in high demand in linguistics. The role of stylistic means which are the basis for implementing manipulation in mass communication remains on the periphery of scholarly research. This determines the relevance of the study devoted to a comprehensive analysis of stylistic figures and tropes that are used in media discourse to manipulate information. The object of the study is the texts of online editions of English-language newspapers, exerting manipulative influence on the reader. The subject of the research is stylistic linguistic means of information manipulation in media discourse. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the means of implementation of language and speech manipulation in English-language media discourse. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that speech manipulation is a verbally expressed type of psychological influence of the sender of media discourse on its addressee, which results in the object of manipulation first having a desire or intention that is alien to him/her, leading to a certain personal benefit or psychological advantage for the manipulator. The manipulative potential manifests itself at different linguistic levels: morphology, lexis, syntax and semasiology. Stylistic means of manipulation include metaphors, simile, personification, allusion, irony, litotes, antithesis, repetition, inversion, parallelism, parcelling, etc. The choice of stylistic techniques of linguistic manipulation depends on the journalist’s intentions, his/her desire to make the text more distinct, to enhance its expressiveness and manipulative potential in order to arouse confidence in the information presented or to impose his/her opinion on the addressee.

Threaded Code Generation with a Meta-Tracing JIT Compiler.

Language implementation frameworks, e.g., RPython and Truffle/Graal, are practical tools for creating efficient virtual machines, including a well-functioning just-in-time (JIT) compiler. It is demanding to support multitier JIT compilation in such a framework for language developers. This paper presents an idea to generate threaded code by reusing an existing meta-tracing JIT compiler, as well as an interpreter design for it. Our approach does not largely modify RPython itself but constructs an effective interpreter definition to enable threaded code generation in RPython. We expect our system to be extended to support multilevel JIT compilation in the RPython framework. We measured the potential performance of our threaded code generation by simulating its behavior in PyPy. We confirmed that our approach reduced code sizes by 80 \% and compilation times by 60 \% compared to PyPy's JIT compiler on average, and ran about 7 \% faster than the interpreter-only execution.

No Grammar to Rule Them All: A Survey of JSON-style DSLs for Visualization.

There has been substantial growth in the use of JSON-based grammars, as well as other standard data serialization languages, to create visualizations. Each of these grammars serves a purpose: some focus on particular computational tasks (such as animation), some are concerned with certain chart types (such as maps), and some target specific data domains (such as ML). Despite the prominence of this interface form, there has been little detailed analysis of the characteristics of these languages. In this study, we survey and analyze the design and implementation of 57 JSON-style DSLs for visualization. We analyze these languages supported by a collected corpus of examples for each DSL (consisting of 4395 instances) across a variety of axes organized into concerns related to domain, conceptual model, language relationships, affordances, and general practicalities. We identify tensions throughout these areas, such as between formal and colloquial specifications, among types of users, and within the composition of languages. Through this work, we seek to support language implementers by elucidating the choices, opportunities, and tradeoffs in visualization DSL design.

An Approach to Collecting Object Graphs for Data-structure Live Programming Based on a Language Implementation Framework

An Approach to Collecting Object Graphs for Data-structure Live Programming Based on a Language Implementation Framework

LSB-based Audio Steganographical Framework for Securing Data in Transit

The benefits that individuals and organizations derive from the digital era comes with its own challenges. Globally, data has become one of the greatest assets for decision making and operational improvements among businesses, government agencies and even individuals. Data on its own and at its source does not make so much contribution to business processes. Data is transmitted from one location to another towards attainment of its goal as a critical resource in decision making. However, data including sensitive or confidential ones are transmitted via public channels such as the Internet. The data so transmitted via the Internet is vulnerable to interception and unauthorized manipulation. This demands that data in transit is protected from the prying eyes of the malicious internet users. One of such strategies for transmitting data via public channels such as the Internet without attracting attention from intruders is steganography. In this paper, the least significant bit algorithm was used with an audio file for hiding data in transit. The algorithm used in this research proves to be one of the simplest ways of securing data using audio steganography. The method employed the LSB technique by using audio files as the stego object for the final implementation in the Java programming language. The experimental results proved to be one of the best methods of implementing steganography. The accuracy of the stego objects shows high quality, and similarity scores with an improved processing time.

State and Local Healthy Kids’ Meal Laws in the United States: A Review and Content Analysis

BackgroundTo address unhealthy restaurant food intake among children, localities and states are passing healthy restaurant kids’ meal laws. However, there is limited knowledge of what these policies require and how they compare with expert and industry nutrition standards. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a research instrument to evaluate healthy kids’ meal laws and assess their alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. DesignThe study team conducted a content analysis of healthy kids’ meal laws passed between January 2010 and August 2020 in the United States. Using a structured codebook, two researchers abstracted policy elements and implementation language from laws, regulations, fiscal notes, and policy notes. Nutritional criteria for kids’ beverages and meals were compared with existing expert and industry nutrition standards for meals and beverages. Main outcome measuresMeasures included law characteristics, implementation characteristics, enforcement characteristics, definitions of key terms, and nutritional requirements for meals and default beverage options and alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. Statistical analyses performedInterrater reliability of the coding tool was estimated using the Cohen kappa statistic, and researchers calculated descriptive statistics of policy elements. ResultsTwenty laws were identified. Eighteen were healthy default beverage policies, two were toy restriction policies, and one was a nutrition standards policy. The nutrition standards, default beverage offerings, and implementation characteristics varied by location. No law met the expert nutrition standards for kids’ meals or beverages. ConclusionsThe variations in policy specifications may influence how restaurants implement the policies, and, consequently, the policies’ influences on children’s consumption. Future policies could use expert nutrition standards to inform the standards set for kids’ meals and specify supports for implementation.

TOURISM DEPARTMENT STRATEGY OF PRESERVING ART AND CULTURE IN MEDAN CITY AT GELAR MELAYU SERUMPUN EVENT (GeMeS)

The objective of this thesis are: to find out the implementation of the persuasive language used in the promotion strategy of Gelar Melayu Serumpun (GeMeS), and to find out the persuasive language occure in Gelar Melayu Serumpun (GeMeS). The research design used in this study is descriptive qualitative method. The data analysis of this thesis are library research, brochures, articles , invitation letters and social media. The data used in this study are the persuasive language of the Medan City Tourism Office as the organizer of the GeMeS event totaling three informant. The informant as the employee of Medan City Tourism Office is needed to complete the data. The persuasive language carried out by the GeMeS event organizers occure by distribusing various form of promotional media such as brochures, articles, invitation letters and social media. Medan City Tourism Office.The result showed that the implementation of the persuasive language used in the promotion strategy of the Serumpun Malay title (GeMeS) was divided into three parts, namely advertising persuasion, propaganda persuasion, and education persuasion.Keywords: Strategy, Promotion, Arts and Malay Culture, and Persuasion Language.

Scenario as one of the components of the concept representation (based on the concept "feast")

The article analyzes the scenario component of the concept of "feast", along with the figurative one, characterizes the specific and at the same time universal concept of "feast" in the Korean language. Various cognitive models are mentioned, such as concepts, frames, and scenarios. Various definitions of the concept "concept" and methods of implementing the scenario concept are given. Based on the material of the national Korean holidays, the so-called "four tables", the authors presented a model of the concept of "feast", revealing the key moment in holding a feast. The aim of the study was to identify the role of the script in the concept with the help of the national corpus of the Korean language. More than 50 replicas taken from the national corpus of the Korean language, containing the stages of the "feast", served as the material for the study. The article reveals the details of the rituals and stages of the feast in each of the four tables from the point of view of the study of the language. The authors of the article reveal aspects of the functioning of a part of the Korean language in the context of ensuring the possibility of expressing the emotional factor in the development of the lexical picture. The article reveals the relationship between the Korean language and Korean culture. In terms of the implementation of the Korean language, the possibility of using a certain type of vocabulary during rituals and a number of additional rituals is determined. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to describe a fragment of the Korean language picture of the world on the basis of the concept of "feast" from the point of view of cognitive cultural linguistics, as well as the importance of describing the Korean language using modern research methods. The authors of the article believe that due to its specificity, the concept of "feast" requires a detailed linguistic study of the phenomenon of its customs and rituals

Граматика мови візуального програмування Петрі-об’єктних моделей

Petri-object models solve the problem of replicating fragments of Petri nets with given parameters and constructing a model from a large number of elements. The developed visual programming language of Petri-object models gives a possibility to reduce the number of errors during a model construction by automating the coding links between elements and graphical representation of a model. In addition to replicating Petri objects, the visual language implements replication of links between Petri objects. Formalization of the visual programming language grammar is presented in the form of production rules. A conclusion about grammar properties has been drawn.

Реализация метауправления правами доступа в проекте BlockSet средствами языка BML

Development of a web-resource today is a very frequent and not always simple task. Especially if we are not talking about a static one-page website, but about a dynamic web application with an unlimited number of pages, as well as the ability to withstand heavy loads, typical of such projects. To solve these problems, there are very few ready-made solutions. Of the best ones, perhaps, only WebDSL can be distinguished, but even it has a number of drawbacks inherited from the Java project implementation language, such as, for example, low flexibility, high performance costs and the need to install a java-machine. The development process was carried out using a relatively low-level C++ general purpose programming language, which saved the project from the problems that its competitors faced, ensured high interpreter performance and cross-platform system-wide. The authors described in detail the selected means of the meta-management of the access rights of the BlockSet project, as well as the syntax of their use in the declarative highly abstract subject-oriented language BML, using simple and accessible examples to demonstrate the conciseness, but the constructiveness of the selected syntax solutions. The results obtained are of great value, as they significantly simplify the further process of administering a web resource, which is also one of the main tasks of the BlockSet project. Thus, the BML language, together with the system of access rights, provides flexible, powerful, and at the same time fairly simple and understandable methods for organizing the required system, which corresponds to the project’s paradigms on flexibility and a low threshold of entry, and also significantly optimizes the development process.

Design of Petri Net-Based Cyber-Physical Systems Oriented on the Implementation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays

Two design flows of the Petri net-based cyber-physical systems oriented towards implementation in an FPGA are presented in the paper. The first method is based on the behavioural description of the system. The control part of the cyber-physical system is specified by an interpreted Petri net, and is described directly in the synthesisable Verilog hardware language for further implementation in the programmable device. The second technique involves splitting the design into sequential modules. In particular, adequate decomposition and synchronisation algorithms are proposed. The resulting modules are further modelled within the Verilog language as the composition of sequential automata. The presented design flows are supported by theoretical background, and templates of Verilog codes. The proposed techniques are illustrated by a real-life example of a multi-robot cyber-physical system, where each step of the proposed flows is explained in detail, including modelling, description of the system in the Verilog language, and final implementation within the FPGA device. The results obtained during the verification and validation confirm the proper functionality of the system designed by both design flows.

FPL: fast Presburger arithmetic through transprecision

Presburger arithmetic provides the mathematical core for the polyhedral compilation techniques that drive analytical cache models, loop optimization for ML and HPC, formal verification, and even hardware design. Polyhedral compilation is widely regarded as being slow due to the potentially high computational cost of the underlying Presburger libraries. Researchers typically use these libraries as powerful black-box tools, but the perceived internal complexity of these libraries, caused by the use of C as the implementation language and a focus on end-user-facing documentation, holds back broader performance-optimization efforts. With FPL, we introduce a new library for Presburger arithmetic built from the ground up in modern C++. We carefully document its internal algorithmic foundations, use lightweight C++ data structures to minimize memory management costs, and deploy transprecision computing across the entire library to effectively exploit machine integers and vector instructions. On a newly-developed comprehensive benchmark suite for Presburger arithmetic, we show a 5.4x speedup in total runtime over the state-of-the-art library isl in its default configuration and 3.6x over a variant of isl optimized with element-wise transprecision computing. We expect that the availability of a well-documented and fast Presburger library will accelerate the adoption of polyhedral compilation techniques in production compilers.

Data-Oriented Language Implementation of the Lattice–Boltzmann Method for Dense and Sparse Geometries

The performance of lattice–Boltzmann solver implementations usually depends mainly on memory access patterns. Achieving high performance requires then complex code which handles careful data placement and ordering of memory transactions. In this work, we analyse the performance of an implementation based on a new approach called the data-oriented language, which allows the combination of complex memory access patterns with simple source code. As a use case, we present and provide the source code of a solver for D2Q9 lattice and show its performance on GTX Titan Xp GPU for dense and sparse geometries up to 40962 nodes. The obtained results are promising, around 1000 lines of code allowed us to achieve performance in the range of 0.6 to 0.7 of maximum theoretical memory bandwidth (over 2.5 and 5.0 GLUPS for double and single precision, respectively) for meshes of sizes above 10242 nodes, which is close to the current state-of-the-art. However, we also observed relatively high and sometimes difficult to predict overheads, especially for sparse data structures. The additional issue was also a rather long compilation, which extended the time of short simulations, and a lack of access to low-level optimisation mechanisms.

Processes, Systems & Tests: Defining Contextual Equivalences

In this position paper, we would like to offer and defend a new template to study equivalences between programs -- in the particular framework of process algebras for concurrent computation.We believe that our layered model of development will clarify the distinction that is too often left implicit between the tasks and duties of the programmer and of the tester. It will also enlighten pre-existing issues that have been running across process algebras as diverse as the calculus of communicating systems, the $\pi$-calculus -- also in its distributed version -- or mobile ambients.Our distinction starts by subdividing the notion of process itself in three conceptually separated entities, that we call \emph{Processes}, \emph{Systems} and \emph{Tests}. While the role of what can be observed and the subtleties in the definitions of congruences have been intensively studied, the fact that \emph{not every process can be tested}, and that \emph{the tester should have access to a different set of tools than the programmer} is curiously left out, or at least not often formally discussed.We argue that this blind spot comes from the under-specification of contexts -- environments in which comparisons takes place -- that play multiple distinct roles but supposedly always \enquote{stay the same}.We illustrate our statement with a simple Java example, the \enquote{usual} concurrent languages, but also back it up with $\lambda$-calculus and existing implementations of concurrent languages as well.