Land Issues Research Articles

The Economic Freedom Fighters of South Africa:What do they Stand for, and who Votes for them?

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) have emerged as a significant force in South African politics during the past eight years. Still, only a few scholarly studies have been published analysing its ideology, strategy, and tactics, who is voting for the party, and why. The authors argue that the EFF had emerged as a challenger to the African National Congress (ANC) by positioning itself to the left of the ruling party with a set of ideas and policy proposals that emerged from the ANC Youth League when current EFF leader Julius Malema led it. Survey and exit polling data analysed by the authors indicate that the EFF is gaining traction election by election with younger black voters in the townships on issues of land and jobs and, in the process, threatens the single-party dominance of the ANC in future South African elections. However, despite a good start, the party appears to have lost some momentum after the fall of former President Jacob Zuma and made some tactical mistakes.

The social dynamics of access to land, livelihoods and the rural youth in an era of rapid rural change: Evidence from Ethiopia

In recent years, a great interest in the social dynamics of access to land and livelihoods across Africa, especially that of youth, has emerged in the context of increased competing demands for land and youth employment challenges. Research on land issues in Ethiopia tends to focus on documenting how small and fragmented landholdings have become or on how rural people adapt to these land constraints, often focusing on the application of other agricultural inputs. As a result, studies have rarely focused on the evolving dynamics of access to land. Based on fieldwork in Ethiopia, this paper explores whether and how land is accessed, especially by the rural youth, under the prevailing context of narrowing access to land and the implications of this for rural migration. The paper demonstrates that young people are less likely than their parents’ generation to be able to access land independently, suggesting generational patterns of differentiation around land access and livelihood trajectory. It demonstrates that currently there are very limited opportunities for the rural youth to gain access to land except through land inheritance and gifts from their parents. But even these long-standing land distribution practices appear unsustainable. As the prospect of gaining access to land has become more challenging, young people are increasingly engaging in labour migration to find work elsewhere. Employment opportunities are, however, limited and unevenly distributed. In light of this, key issues that policymakers should be concerned with include improving rural youth’s access to farmland and employment opportunities. This point is important vis à vis the government's recent drive to facilitate the acquisition of large expanses of farmland in various areas of the country by large investors and local elites in the form of long-term leases to establish plantations, thus reducing the amount of land which the rural youth can potentially access.

English

This work is an attempt to highlight some landmarks in how the Zulu descendants engaged the issue of land with the settlers of any time in South Africa. The method of telling as it happened is a way to confront the history and try to find a natural way of rectifying land rights in settings where the customary land tenure system was overturned by the fortress based on the Western ways of land management. Dispossessed people’s land tenure situations are unique settings where even international actors have their ulterior motives and large interest and influence in the success of any restorative action or recovery. The study approach of telling it as it happened for the dispossessed, it represents real opportunity for practical and policy reform for the advocacy for restoration of customary land tenure system for everlasting peace. The trail of land handling from King Shaka, King Dingane, King Mpande, Cetshwayo and Dinuzulu is testimony of the trail of blood that went along the succession plan of Kingship which ceased to be hereditary from when King Shaka took over “ngeklwa”. The whites became aware of this and they got entangled in it for land. The South African Constitution Section 25 needs auctioning as it permeates expropriation without compensation for land reform.   Key words: Land expropriation, Zulu, without compensation, King Shaka.

УЧАСТЬІЛЛІШРАГАВУКРАЇНСЬКОМУГРОМАДСЬКО-ПРОСВІТНИЦЬКОМУ І ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОМУ РУСІ НА ПОЧАТКУ

In the article analyzes the participation of Ilya Shrag in the Ukrainian and public-educational andpolitical-legal movement at the beginning of the20th century. It is noted that Ilya Shrag's state and legal orientationswere based on the protection of the rights of the native language, the peculiarities of the legal status of the Ukrainianpopulation, the land issue and other important issues of thelife of society. The state-legal views of Ilya Shrag can betraced especially clearly during his active participation in social and political processes that took place on the territoryof Ukrainian lands. His participation in the Ukrainian national movement contributed to the unification of consciousfigures of that time in the field of solving the Ukrainian question.

The genesis of land-based violence in Mt. Elgon from the precolonial period to the postcolonial period

This study traces the genesis of land-based conflicts in Mt. Elgon from the precolonial period to the postcolonial period. This research was conducted in Mount Elgon Sub County in Kapsokwony, Kaptama, Kopsiro, and Cheptais. This research utilised primary as well as secondary sources of data. Secondary data was procured from Kenyatta University Library, among other libraries. Primary data was collected from the Kenya National Archives as well as from oral sources through interviewing the identified respondents in the field. Data instruments that were used include questionnaires and question guides. The procedures employed in collecting primary data included in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The primary oral data was analysed by first translating oral interviews from the Sabaot language to English, grouping data according to the objectives, and verifying any possible contradicting information. After that, the data was coroborated with archival and secondary data and then presented through descriptive narratives. The families in the Mount Elgon area faced several difficulties, which called for the government to handle the issues, which undermined the significance of peace in the region. This study concludes that the land issue and the emergence of the Sabaot Land Defense Force in Mount Elgon, Bungoma, dates back to the pre-colonial and post-colonial periods and the post-colonial Government's inefficiency. The colonial Government's land ordinances, laws, and concessions played a significant part in the challenges facing the land issues in Kenya.

EVALUASI KONSEP PENGEMBANGAN TAMAN BISNIS BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK KAWASAN CAMPURAN

Mixed-use development has become common in many major cities around the world. The use of mixed-use development has also occurred in Indonesia since the 2000s, with the Jakarta Metropolitan Urban Area being one of the cities that has implemented it extensively. The implementation is intended to address urban issues caused by uncontrolled urbanization, such as traffic congestion, the need for proper housing, and the issue of limited land. One of the efforts for land efficiency and becoming a compact and sustainable city is the concept of mixed area development. One of the business areas that has been transformed from a warehouse area to a mixed area is CIBIS Business Park, which spans approximately 12 hectares and is located in the South Jakarta Administrative City area. Mixed area development should ideally meet all of the criteria for mixed area characteristics, but it turns out that there are many mixed area developments that do not meet the mixed area characteristic criteria, resulting in new problems both in the mixed area and surrounding it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the CIBIS Business Park's concept of mixed-use development meets the criteria for mixed-use characteristics, specifically the diversity of use criteria and design criteria. The research method used in this study is quantitative research, and the evaluation method is based on the plan's concept (ex-ante evaluation). This evaluation method compares the CIBIS Business Park area's site plan to the criteria for mixed-use development characteristics, specifically the diversity of use criteria and design criteria. According to the evaluation results, the CIBIS Business Park development concept in general conforms to the characteristics of a mixed area, with 71.42% meeting the criteria for diversity of use and 57.14% meeting the design criteria

Review on disposal, recycling and management of waste polyurethane foams: A way ahead.

With the burning issue of air, land and water pollution, the premonition of looking forward towards a future devoid of any kind of oil and gas reserves has caused a paradigm shift towards recycling, recovery of any synthetic polymer and also to dispose them off environmentally. Among them are plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate and poly vinyl chloride. Polyurethane (PU) is also under the scanner to dispose of or recycle it environmentally and sustainably. PU is at present the sixth most utilized polymer all over the world with a production of nearly 18 million tonnes per annum, which roughly estimates a daily production of PU products of greater than a million of cubic metres. Its thermostable nature is one of the major reasons for its higher preference over other polymers. This review article discusses the current disposal and technologies available to recycle waste PU foams and also sheds some light on some additional work being done in the field to upgrade the existing technology. Interestingly, some methods mentioned here are probably undergoing scale-up trials runs by now. Currently, the most researched and studied ones are mechanical recycling and glycolysis. But microbial and enzymatic disposal methods can be turned into full-scale industrial recycling processes in the near future. Additionally, we can see an archetypal shift from traditional oil-based sources to the agrarian sources.

Legal Due To Cancellation Of Deed Bonding The Land Buying

The importance of land for human life, because human life can not be separated from the ground. Land issues can lead to disputes, among others, stemming from the binding sale and purchase of land. The binding agreement for the sale and purchase of land, in everyday practice, is carried out by the community at the notary's office. This agreement is an agreement that precedes the sale and purchase agreement of the land, which must be made before the Land Deed Maker Official. The problem; 1. How is the implementation of the binding sale and purchase of land according to Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law? 2. What are the legal consequences of the cancellation of the binding deed of sale and purchase of land. The discussion is carried out through a normative research study.The binding is intended as a preliminary agreement from the main intention of the parties to transfer land rights. This sale and purchase agreement contains promises to buy and sell land if the requirements needed for it have been met, and is a form of agreement that arises from legal needs that develop in society. The binding sale and purchase of land is an anonymous agreement, because it is not found in the forms of agreements regulated in the Civil Code. The binding agreement for the sale and purchase of land is an implementation of the principle of freedom of contract, where the parties can freely determine their will. The binding sale and purchase is a form of agreement that arises from the legal needs that develop in society. An agreement can not always run according to the agreement desired by the parties, including the binding agreement for the sale and purchase of land which can be canceled by the parties or even by one of the parties, or also canceled by the court. For these legal actions, there will be legal consequences that must be obeyed by the parties.

People's commissars for agriculture of the first Soviet government and the beginning of the revolutionary agrarian transformations in Russia (1917–1920)

Analysis of the activities of the first Soviet people’s commissars of agriculture in the context of the restructuring of the agrarian economy after the Revolution of 1917 is presented. A description of the causes and features of the land crisis in Russia and its impact on political life is given. The nature of the first experiments in the transformation of agriculture against the backdrop of revolutionary events is analyzed. As radical revolutionary forces came to power in Russia, the project of "socialization" of the land, developed by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party and supported by the Bolsheviks, was attempted. The basis of this project was the specific ideas of socialists to achieve progress in agriculture only through the maximum centralization of agricultural production and the nationalization of land, eliminating any private land ownership. The assessment of the Soviet legislative acts related to the introduction of collective forms of land management and state management of the rural economy stands out in this description. It is noted that during the first three years of the revolution's development, decisive steps were taken to implement this project. However, the practical results clearly revealed their utopian nature. By 1921, the development of agriculture, as well as other sectors on the basis of governmentalization led to a general political crisis in the country and the need to introduce the New Economic Policy. The role of the first organizers of the Soviet agrarian system, the people's commissars of agriculture of the RSFSR, is highlighted. Some biographical information about them is given, and their political views on the ways of solving the land issue in the country are evaluated. The article provides an original interpretation of the first revolutionary transformations of the agrarian economy of Russia, as well as the participation of the people's commissars of agriculture in them.

The Greater San Rafael Swell: Honoring Tradition and Preserving Storied Lands. By Stephen E. Strom and Jonathan T. Bailey

When surveyed among the celebrated landscapes of the Colorado Plateau, Utah’s San Rafael Swell is often overlooked. This land of hardened sandstone and sculpted badlands neither has the familiarity nor designations of nearby parks and monuments. Stephen E. Strom and Jonathan T. Bailey urge readers to take notice of it. For over two decades now, locals, officials, and conservationists quietly brokered compromises avoiding the sticky political mire that usually characterize public lands politics. Hoping to get out in front of public lands issues before executive action resulted in a monument designation or legislative measures imposed wilderness areas without local input, county citizens and officials began actively meeting in the 1990s to consider solutions to public lands issues in their county. Conversations between conservation and recreation groups, off-highway vehicle (OHV) enthusiasts, tribal communities, and other individuals and groups eventually led to a major piece of federal legislation, the Emery County Public Land Management Act. Signed into law in 2019, the act created three wilderness areas, a recreation area, and an enlarged state park. The authors outline in briefer detail similar conservation successes in Washington County, Utah, and in Custer and Owyhee Counties, Idaho.

Theology of Land: Reflections and Dialogue from a South African Socio-Political Perspective

This paper examines the current situation of land possession in the South African socio-political space. Land possession in South Africa is an emotive issue that receives different political responses based on historical constitutional land laws and declarations, such as the Freedom Charter of 1954. African views on land are elaborated, together with South African current political debates regarding land. Negative politics of the land leave the dispossessed humiliated, experiencing feelings of indignity and insentience. Being robbed of the land is humiliating, but the dialogue about regaining it should occur in the spirit of eschatological hope with one goal in mind: inheriting the land. The paper further elaborates a theology of the land and extensively explains its historical and biblical evolvement from the Abrahamic era to the period of exile. In the midst of tensions between colonial views of land and cultural clashes, eschatological hope is the route to take. Citizens are to be granted the rights and promises that lead to eschatological peace, which creates coexistence where life is fully experienced. Eschatological hope should not be read as opium with a calming effect or a soothing balm for people to endure injustice. It should be a message of hope for the restoration of quality of untrammelled joy on the fruitfulness of the land. All this is achievable through dialogue by and with all stakeholders regarding land issues. The contribution made by this article is the acknowledgement of the imbalances regarding the land issue, and it attempts to bring forth a theological understanding of land and how to apply it in the current South Africa.

Land and the Language of Race: State Colonization and the Privatization of Indigenous Lands in Araucanía, Chile (1871–1916)

AbstractThis article explores the vision, process, and reaction to the privatization of Mapuche lands in Araucanía, Chile, from 1871 to 1916. It shows how politicians developed a racial vision for Araucanía between 1871 and 1882 during the final battle with independent Mapuche forces. Chilean government officials and elite societies created land policies that targeted the removal of indigenous populations from fertile lands to expand industrial agriculture by favoring large Chilean-owned estates and partitioning small to medium-sized plots to European settler-farmers. From 1883 to 1896, the Chilean government put its vision into practice, investing in the recruitment of European farmers and reconsidering new laws regarding colonization, land rights, and indigenous settlements. However, after the 1891 civil war, the government retreated from expensive state-building projects. From 1896 to 1916, Chilean small farmers intensified land grabs and, in response, indigenous communities formed organizations to defend their lands. At the core of the conflict were the issues of land and racialized policies that defined land access. By examining laws, government reports, missionary chronicles, and indigenous writings, this article demonstrates the progression of a racialized language that excluded indigenous peoples from their lands, founded in the desire to privatize native lands and accelerate the making of a modern Europeanized nation.

Источниковедческие аспекты истории ислама в России на страницах журнала «Маглюмат». 1908–1917 гг.

The early 20th century saw a rapid development of the Turkic Muslim periodical press in Russia. In a short time, a significant number of magazines and newspapers of various directions appeared in the country. They published materials about life, socio-economic situation of the peoples of Russia. The article is to analyze the articles and publications of the Arabic-language Turkic magazine Maglyumat, published in Ufa by the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly. It examines the history of the magazine’s creation and analyzes its publications. The object of the study is issues from 1908–10 and 1916–17. The research is based on materials from the issues preserved in the Manuscript Fond of the G. B. Khusainov Order of the Badge of Honor Institute of History, Language, and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFITs RAN) and in the Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of the UFITs RAN. Comparative-historical, systemic, and historical-typological methods have been used in the study. Archeographic study and systematic analysis of various issues show that the magazine’s publications were not limited to religious topics. They covered a wide range of issues of the Muslim population’s life, from government orders and resolutions to opening of new mosques and madrasahs. Unlike many other magazines of the period, it contained materials on the Muslims’ situation in the Russian Empire. Much attention was paid to the position of the Bashkirs, the land issue, there were publications of sources and historical works on the history of Bashkortostan, some were translated from Russian. Much attention was paid to the history and activities of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly. A number of materials highlighted the publishing program of the magazine. At the time of its existence, the issue of Muslim education remained an urgent problem. The discussion continued between supporters of old- and new-fashioned education. One of the articles in defense of the new methods in education was written by a well-known Muslim figure Z. Rasulev together with like-minded people. Socio-political changes in the country after 1917 were also reflected on its pages. The research shows that the Maglumat is a valuable source for studying various spheres of the Muslims’ life in the early 20th century. Its materials reflect different aspects of the life of the society of the specified period and its condition, provide information on the socio-economic situation, cultural development of the Russian Muslims.

Restitution and Land Issues in South Africa: Biblical and Ethical considerations based on the Jubilee year in Leviticus 25

The question of land is indeed a vexing one in contemporary South Africa. White control of land and the unequal distribution thereof was one of the pillars of the apartheid system. During colonial rule and under apartheid, numerous communities were simply expelled from their land. The Land Act of 1913 had a diabolical effect in dislocating communities and separated people from their traditional inheritance and from each other. Dispossession of land by its original inhabitants in waves of incessant forced removals proved to be highly distressing and ultimately led to enduring poverty for the masses. It is important in our predominantly Christian society to atone for past ills and to redress some of the ills relating to land which were in fact human rights abuses, by considering inter alia, Leviticus 25 as a starting point. Thus, a Christian stance is considered to be important from both a biblical and ethical perspective as land dispossession due to inhuman laws is addressed. We are stressing the fact that only in a liberating relationship with God can we consider and apply human rights and that in African thought social issues are viewed from a communitarian perspective in which the common good takes precedence.

«Ақ жол» газетіндегі ұлттық идея

Our goal in writing the article «Ak Zhol, Which Has Fulfilled The Nation’s Hopes» is to describe the publications published in the periodical press at the beginning of the 20th century. We will focus on the feature of the article published in the publication, which touched on the issue of famine, land and water reforms, the fate of the nation, and social issues. In the process of researching and studying, we will present the fact that the policy in the direction of industrialization and collectivization of the country is published, and the importance of the national press in the society has increased. We will analyze the works of Alash figures A. Bokeikhanov, A. Baitursynov, M. Dulatov, S. Kozhanov, Zh. Aimautov, who contributed to increasing the valuable data of the topic. In the course of writing the article, we used the multivolume periodical publication «Ak Zhol». According to the requirements of that period, the periodical press wrote a lot about the direction taken by the newly formed government. Through the materials published in the publication, we evaluate the Alash movement, famine, land, women, culture, and literature. In the periodical press, articles about the «communist» were often published, describing the «circumstances» of the revolution in Russia. In the course of research, we noticed that it was also written about the «benefits of the minority nationalities to Kazakh-Kyrgyz». We could not hide the fact that the movement taking place in Kazakh society did not take on the same character as in Russia, but it took on a small class character. We are convinced that it is a newspaper that has called for a great movement, along with writing comprehensively about the existence and social situation of the Kazakh people.

For Efficient Use of Arable Land in Central African Republic: Performance Analysis of Agricultural Land through Major Food Crops

Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, land is a fundamental issue for economic development, food security, and poverty reduction. Land has a great importance for the economies and societies of a region, contributing a major share of GDP and employment in most countries, and constituting the main livelihood basis for a large part of the population. However, land is becoming gradually rare in many regions due to a variety of pressures. In the Central African Republic (CAR), most of the population is rural, dependent largely on farming or animal husbandry (primarily in nomadic systems) for food and incomes. Therefore, as in other region in Africa the land issue is becoming more and more a preoccupation although the abundant space in the country. In term of this work, we are analyzing the performance of agricultural land through major food crops in CAR by tempting to determine agricultural land efficiency used to increase its performance. That is to say, the work uses panel data, leading our analysis which is focused on the land performance for an efficient use, and the result shows that the relationship between crops yield per unit of land area, production and land area has period random effects. Regarding our model, the land area has a negative effect on the land performance.

Отмена феодально-зависимых отношений на Восточном Кавказе

Importance. The study of the processes that took place on the Russian Empire outskirts, contributes to their further consideration and comparison with similar processes that took place in the center, as a Russian history comprehensive research is connected with the history of its different regions. Dependent estates types in the East Caucasus and their liberation from feudal dependence in the second half of the 19th century are considered. The importance of the research is determined by the importance of substantiating the peasant reform process, its connection with the various factors that pushed for the implementation of the reform in the territory. The purpose of the research is to identify the negative and positive aspects that influenced the fate of the East Caucasus peoples and the region development in connection with the reform. Materials and Methods. The object of the research is different types of dependent class in the East Caucasus. The methods of description, synthesis, objectivity principle, historical-comparative method, etc. are used when considering the topic of the research. Archival materials and published sources are involved. Results and Discussion. The categories of dependent people in Chechnya, Ingushetia and Daghestan are categorized, and their rights also described. It is noted that the work on the liberation of dependent estates in the Caucasus began in 1866, while the serfdom issue in the Terek region was completed by the end of 1867 and in the Daghestan region – in 1868. Conclusion. The peasant reform carried out by the Russian authorities in the East Caucasus was half-hearted and partial. Having granted freedom to some categories of dependent estates, which was positive in the reform, it did not solve the land issue. In addition, in the Daghestan region peasants dependent on beks received freedom only in 1913.

La population urbaine au Brésil : statistiques surestimées, géographie occultée.

Cet article propose une critique des catégories territoriales utilisées dans les recensements brésiliens par l’Institut brésilien de géographie et statistique (IBGE). Les études de cas présentées illustrent la difficile compatibilité entre des données localisées de population et une approche géographique du peuplement. De nombreux écarts apparaissent lorsque l’on confronte des images de terrain (photographies) et satellitaires rendant compte des formes réelles d’occupation du sol aux découpages officiels distinguant les territoires urbains et ruraux. Ces décalages sont liés à plusieurs facteurs : la définition légale de l’urbain, l’agrégation des données, ainsi qu’une confusion entre population de la ville (ceux concentrés au chef-lieu du município) et population urbaine totale municipale. De tels écarts sont également la conséquence de processus historiques et d’enjeux politiques, économiques et fonciers. Ils affectent les résultats agrégés des données de recensements (population urbaine, taux d’urbanisation…), ainsi que les résultats locaux, pour chaque município. Les exemples analysés dans cet article montrent que la richesse statistique et cartographique diffusée par l’IBGE pourrait être mieux utilisée notamment pour obtenir des mesures plus cohérentes des « degrés d’urbanité » ainsi qu’une meilleure connaissance des différentes formes et densités du peuplement dans le pays.

Analisis Daya Saing Budidaya Ikan Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) di Kota Jakarta Timur

Analysis of Business Competitiveness of Guppy Fish Cultivation (Poecilia reticulata) in East Jakarta City
 Indonesian fishery products that are quite popular are ornamental fish. Ornamental fish such as guppy fish are quite popular in Indonesia, especially in the city of East Jakarta. Although guppy fish cultivators in the city of East Jakarta to be able to apply land use in limited land issues, cultivators must continue to apply an efficient system so that still have competitiveness with other regions. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze comparative and competitive advantages in guppy fish farming based on business scale in East Jakarta City, and to analyze the effect of output prices and input prices on comparative and competitive advantages of guppy fish farming in East Jakarta City. Based on the research results obtained using themethod Policy Analysis Matrix, every large scale business gets a bigger profit compared to the potential scale. Based on the value of Private Cost Ratio and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio which is less than one, it proves that there is competitiveness in the guppy fish farming business in East Jakarta City. The calculation of the value of other indicators analysis shows that the efficiency of the input is not determined by the size of the business scale. In the influence of government policies on input and output, it was found that a decrease in input prices was 17.65% and a combination of decreases in input output could increase the value of comparative and competitive advantage. There is a need for a joint development program that is open to all guppy fish farmers in East Jakarta City, it is necessary to have supporting policies and sustainable research at the national level.

Земельный вопрос в просветительской поэзии Сафуана Якшигулова

Статья посвящена изучению просветительской поэзии, осмыслению земельного вопроса в творчестве С. С. Якшигулова начала ХХ в. Описываются истоки башкирской просветительской литературы, влияние демократических идей конца XIX в., в частности творчества М. Акмуллы (М. К. Камалетди́ нов) на башкирскую поэзию. Отдельно рассматривается просветительская деятельность поэта С. С. Якшигулова, становление его творческой деятельности и отношение к вопросу расхищения башкирских земель. Говорится о гражданской, политической позиции, мироощущении посредством анализа произведений выдающегося поэта. Кроме того, уделяется внимание общению поэта с другими башкирскими просветителями, самостоятельному изучению светских наук, иностранных языков и др. Делается вывод о том, что поэты-просветители стояли на истоках образовательных реформ. В работе дается анализ стихотворений С. С. Якшигулова и описывается то, как встретил он революцию, перемены начала ХХ в. В статье также анализируются мысли, выступления поэта. Приводятся примеры новых поэтических образов, с помощью которых он раскрывал не только дух времени, но и свой духовный мир – это была новая просветительская поэзия. В материале также упоминаются авторы того времени, как М. Акмулла, М. Гафури, Ш. Бабич, Я. Юмаев.