Land Information Research Articles

Role of Land–Atmosphere Interaction in the 2016 Northeast Asia Heat Wave: Impact of Soil Moisture Initialization

AbstractThe impact of soil moisture initialization on the 2016 Northeast Asian heat wave was explored using the Land Information System (LIS) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. To obtain advanced soil moisture estimates, various meteorological variables from the Global Data Assimilation System analysis and Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement observation data were used as atmospheric forcings for the offline simulation of the Noah land surface model (Noah‐LSM). Based on the LIS, Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite were assimilated in the Noah LSM simulation. The assimilated soil moisture estimates revealed the drier land surface conditions over Northeast Asia compared with the product from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final Analysis (FNL) and were used as the initial condition of the WRF model. The WRF experiment initialized by the assimilated soil moisture product (LIS experiment) exhibited the observed surface air temperature (SAT) and 500 hPa geopotential height (500 GPH) over Northeast Asia compared with the result from the experiment initialized by the FNL (CTL experiment). At Week 1, the LIS experiment simulated warmer SAT than that from the CTL experiment, which was induced by the negative anomaly of latent heat flux over Mongolia. Then, 500 GPH became strong and spatially expanded in response to the thermal low induced by the warmer SAT, and the SAT was further increased during Weeks 2 and 3.

Remote Sensing for Land Resources: A Review on Satellites, Data Availability and Applications

Remote sensing is a technology that offers a unique opportunity of gathering land information by measuring and recording its emitted and reflected energy usually from a satellite or an aircraft. The capabilities of remote sensing satellite data in mapping, monitoring and managing land resources are intensifying with the rapid advancements in satellite technology. In addition, increased users demand in sustainable management of land resources has escalated the need for remote sensing technology. As a result, this article presents an overview of the remote sensing satellites that are best for mapping land resources and monitoring, focusing specifically on the necessary satellites, data availability and key land application areas. Currently, several remote sensing satellites are providing microwave, multispectral and hyperspectral data with a wide array of spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions used on land applications. Microwave remote sensing has seen the development of both active and passive remote sensing systems for remote sensing activities. Consequently, microwave data is now available with high spatial resolution and providing land information in all cloudy weather condition. On the other hand, optical remote sensing is providing space-based remote sensing data in a variety of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions meeting the needs of many land applications. Similarly, hyperspectral remote sensing is providing digital imagery of earth resources in many narrow contiguous spectral bands. Additionally, other remote sensing techniques like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) have helped in deriving detailed information of land resources to support land related studies. Besides having commercial satellites that are providing satellite data at a high cost, today several remote sensing data have been made available from open data sources and users can freely search and download areas of interest.

Evaluation of NASA land information system in prediection stream runoff: case study of Atbara and Blue Nile Sub-Basins

Evaluation of NASA land information system in prediection stream runoff: case study of Atbara and Blue Nile Sub-Basins

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Masyarakat Desa Curug, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Bogor dalam Mewujudkan Desa Edutainment

Curug Village, Gunung Sindur District, Bogor is geographically in the middle of an industrial environment. The diverse profiles of the people in Curug Village have encouraged the Curug Village Head to optimize his environmental resources. The Curug Village Government wants to empower the environment and its people so that their Regional Original Income can increase. Departing from the aspirations of the people and government officials of Curug Village to have a tourist area that has an impact on increasing people's income and regional original income. PPDM in Curug Village as a form of implementation of research results related to. Optimization of groups in the community that are in accordance with the urgency of the needs of the Curug Village community. The PPDM team provides solutions to the problems of the Curug Village community who want to increase community income with a holistic approach based on research in the fields of Communication, Negotiation and Diplomacy, and Finance, as well as BUMDes. Thus it is hoped that by using the formation assistance approach, empowering groups based on the economy, tourism, by utilizing the resources of Curug Village in the form of land which is the location for Edutainment Tourism. Diverse human resources are an added value for providing assistance so that the community has independence and is able to accelerate village development in the areas of goat/sheep livestock, rabbit farming, fish farming, ornamental plant cultivation, processing of fish products, and self-employment. The final results in the first year are expected that Curug Village can have an agreement for an edutainment-based science-techno-park model.

Elite Capture in South Africa’s Land Redistribution: The Convergence of Policy Bias, Corrupt Practices and Class Dynamics

Land reforms are an important mechanism for addressing inequalities in society. While addressing South Africa’s racialised land inequalities remains crucial, new forms of class inequality are produced through land reform, with the well-off becoming predominant as beneficiaries. This article focuses on elite capture in land redistribution and analyses land-reform outcomes in South Africa’s state land lease and disposal policy (SLLDP). The article presents empirical evidence from 62 land-reform farms in five provinces of South Africa and shows how policy biases in favour of well-off beneficiaries converge with corruption and rent-seeking practices to produce uneven agrarian outcomes. Beneficiary selection and targeting inherently favour well-off beneficiaries, who are considered competent to engage in large-scale commercial farming. Land reform is a new frontier of accumulation for different agribusinesses, urban-based businesspeople and state officials, who increasingly benefit from cheap state land and various forms of production support meant to recapitalise land-reform farms.

Оценка результатов интерполяции методом взвешенных угловых расстояний среднемесячной температуры воздуха

Article describes the quality analysis of climate maps for the Far Eastern Federal District. Observed station data from 497 meteorological stations are used as meteorological information. Monthly air temperature maps in January and July for two regions are obtained by angular distance weighting interpolation (ADW). The first region is located within the Central Yakut Plain, the Prilenskoe Plateau and the northern slopes of the Aldan Highlands, the absolute heights within the region do not exceed 500 m. The second region is located in Transbaikalia. The relief of the region is represented by plateaus and strongly dissected ridges with a height of more than 2 500 m. Meteorological stations are unevenly distributed over the territory in both regions. Mapping was performed using the free cross-platform geographic information system QGIS. The analysis of the errors carried out for 74 stations, showed that the accuracy of interpolation depends on the number of stations located on the territory and on the land forms. The quality analysis showed that the errors for the winter periods are larger than in the summer period. However, if the data of stations located in areas with high relative elevations are excluded, then the interpolation accuracy decreases sharply due to the underestimation of the features of the spatial temperature correlation between stations. The ADW method requires an understanding of the spatial correlation structure of the station data. The spatial relationships between stations can vary with season. Since the anisotropy of the fields of hydrometeorological characteristics depends on the nature of the relief of the territory and on the season, the errors in the reconstruction of the fields will also differ. The regional variations of the correlation decay distance (CDD) should be taken into account.

The Value of Services for Water Catchments for Kedah Permanent Forest Reserves

Kedah’s forest area for water catchments plays an important role as it serves the demand of water for the state of Kedah, Penang and Perlis intended for domestic, agricultural and industrial used. Forest plays an important role as water catchment not only providing water in term of quantity but also provides the good quality of clean water. This process called purification services. But, how to assess the important of the services based on its value, because most of ecosystem services are not monetized. Therefore, this paper aims to estimate regulating services value of Kedah’s Permanent Reserved Forest (PRF) as water catchment especially for domestic used. The information of 36 Water Treatment Plants (WTP) intakes data collected and information of forest land uses from National Forest Inventory (NFI) were used as data input for the analysis. A comparative analysis results the value of services for water purification services for Kedah’s PRF is RM49,140,171/year, approximately RM 21.93/hectare/year. Results show a significant impact to protect catchment areas within forest reserves for clean water.

ANALISIS SPASIAL TEMPORAL ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN (SAWAH) KE NON PERTANIAN TAHUN 2012-2021 DI KECAMATAN WIDODAREN, KABUPATEN NGAWI

Widodaren district has an area that is mostly still in the form of agricultural land. However, at this time, it has undergone a land function change, so it has an impact on the productivity of food crops. The purpose of this study was to analyze the function transfer of agricultural land (paddy fields) to non-agricultural land spatially temporally from 2012-2021. The method used was a secondary data analysis method accompanied by field observations. The results showed that in the period 2012-2021 the area of land conversion reached 1,226 ha . The transfer of land functions occurred from rice fields to settlements covering an area of 422.29 hectares, rice fields to mixed gardens covering an area of 477.62 ha, and rice fields to fields covering an area of 326.09 ha. Land conversion occurred in all villages in Widodaren District, namely in Banyubiru, Gendingan, Karangbanyu, Kauman, Kayutrejo, Kedunggudel, Sekaralas, Sekarputih, Sidolaju, Sidomakmur, Walikukun, and Widodaren villages.

O impacto do agroecossistema na pegada ecológica: novas evidências para a perspectiva da agricultura verde existente no Paquistão

ABSTRACT: The focus of this research study investigated the impact of agroecosystem on the ecological footprint in Pakistan, using the time series data over the period from 1990 to 2019. The econometric methods of time series were employed to investigate the long-term association between an agroecosystem and ecological footprint. After performing the stationarity tests Johansen approach was employed. Results of the Johansen method imply that long-term co-integration exists between the exogenous and endogenous variables. Moreover, the ARDL model was performed and long-run results were validated by the bound testing approach. The elasticity of the short-run form of the ARDL model reveals that agricultural land, employment, energy consumption, fertilizer use, and biomass burned dry matter in agriculture have a positive relationship with the agroecosystem. In contrast in the log-run form of ARDL agricultural land, employment, energy consumption, fertilizer use in agriculture and temperature have a positive impact on ecological footprint. Results of the impulse response function revealed that employment and fertilizer use in agriculture have positive while energy consumption and livestock in number have a negative influence on the ecological footprint. Thus, rigorous practices of agriculture for higher production put extra pressure on the agroecosystem. As a result, the stability of the agroecosystem deteriorates and reduces. To minimize the ecological ecosystem, modern technology is required to reduce carbon emission, enhance greener production and improve the biocapacity of the land in the country. This study would help the researcher, planner, policymaker and academicians to provide a proper guideline and vision to provide sustainable food and environment.

Analisis nilai keekonomian peruntukan lahan bekas tambang batubara sebagai asimilator karbon

The environmental issues that usually arise from mining activities are ex-coal mining lands in the form of mine pits (void) and land (non void) which are not managed properly. The company has an obligation to manage ex-coal mining land so that the environment remains sustainable and benefits the community by carrying out reclamation activities. Reclamation of ex-coal mining land by planting oil palm provides benefits in the form of incomes and as a carbon assimilator. This study aims to analyze the economics value of the ex-coal mining land use as a carbon assimilator by using the extended NPV analysis method. The result of analysis revealed a positive extended NPV value of IDR. 1,961,057,020,-, which means that ex-coal mining land can provide positive benefits as a carbon assimilator.

Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Based on Chessboard Topology

Without any prior information, hyperspectral anomaly detection is devoted to locating targets of interest within a specific scene by exploiting differences in spectral characteristics between various land covers. Traditional methods originated from the signal processing perspective, and most of them rely heavily on specific model assumptions. Due to the model-driven attributes, such methods cannot mine the deep-level features of data to adapt to the variability of scenes, and cannot fully extract the information of land covers contained in images to accurately separate anomalies from background. By independently designing a chessboard-shaped topological framework that avoids making any distribution assumptions but directly mines high-dimensional data features to break through the limitations of traditional detectors, this paper proposes a novel chessboard topology-based anomaly detection (CTAD) method, which constructs a chessboard-shaped topology to dissect images and extract detailed information of land covers adaptively, thereby enabling highly accurate detection. Extensive experimental results on HSIs in real scenes demonstrate that the proposed CTAD can be adapted to the variability of scenes by autonomously learning data features, and exhibits strong generalization and detection capabilities, facilitating practical applications.

Documenting the Charters of Peripheral Dynasties and Clans of Bengal and Bihar of the 2nd half of the 8th – late 13th Centuries.

The paper deals with the charters of Bengal and Bihar of the final stage of the early medieval period (late 8th – early 13th centuries), issued on behalf of the rulers of scattered dynasties and clans who ruled on the periphery of the territory of the political domination of the Pāla dynasty of Northern India. The task is to create a scheme for recording 14 individual forms of peripheral dynasties and compare them with Schemes 1 and 2. Scheme 3 was formed: “A formalized record of individual forms of charters of the rulers of peripheral dynasties and clans”, which included records of individual forms of 14 charters. Every schematic entry is located on three lines, where the first line contains the components of the “Initial Protocol”, the second line contains the components of the “Main Part”, and the third line contains the components of the “Final Protocol”. Sanskrit formulas are also affected. According to the study we can assume that in course of their moving away from the dominant dynasty both in space and in time, the local registries responsible for maintaining the cadastral register began to function in accordance with local conditions than with a tradition maintained from the center. We can conclude that the experience of schematically recording the specification forms of land acts of Bengal and Bihar of the Pāla era turned out to be productive: it made it possible to outline the territorial zones of socio-economic activity that existed on the territory of Bengal in the early Middle Ages.

Perspective of the Implementation of the Urban Land Register (ULR) in the Department of Plateau in Benin

The Urban Land Registry (ULR) is a land management tool. Nowadays, the land question is topical and arises in almost all the cities of especially West Africa. This research has made it possible to analyze the prospect of the establishment of the Urban Land Register (ULR) in the Plateau department. The data used are socio- anthropological data relating to land management; land practices, land transfers; taxes and land registration fees, land disputes. The study of population growth in the Plateau Department was carried out using data from the RGPH (1 to 4). In total, 117 heads of households and 15 resources persons made up of local elected officials were surveyed. These data were processed using SPSS IBM version 21 software for processing. In the Department of Plateau, the Urban Land Register (ULR) is a land information system (SIF), allowing the collection, processing and use of tax, urban and land data at plot level via a device IT according to 89% of respondents. Thus, the cartography of the ULR is therefore developed from the basic unit "plot". This complete documentation on the territory of the Plateau department does not exist, it will have to be put in place according to 83% of the respondents. The ULR makes it possible to identify taxpayers of property taxes, who claim to be “presumed owners”, and to quickly increase tax revenue, without waiting for a land reform (72%). However, the establishment of the ULR in the Plateau department does not only have advantages; it also has limitations. Thesis limits could stem from “local logics” and the appropriation of the ULR.

Разработка технологической схемы выполнения работ по определению границ загрязнения земельных участков полигонами твердых коммунальных отходов

The article is devoted to the research of approaches for monitoring the condition of land plots both occupied by MSW landfills and the ones negatively influenced by the neighboring landfills. The con-cept of a landfill of solid municipal waste (MSW) is considered. The characteristics of the negative environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills on the state of land resources are given. Geo-analysis and geomodeling methods have been applied to plan the placement of municipal solid waste landfills, as well as to predict their negative impact. Examples of the placement of municipal solid waste landfills near settlements, as well as examples of the choice of land plots for the construction of landfills are considered. The list of optimality criteria that are used when choosing a land plot for the placement of a landfill is shown. A technological scheme of work has been compiled to determine the level and area of contamination of land plots by landfills of solid municipal waste. The stages of work are closely considered, which include: cadastral and geodetic works, as well as environmental monitoring of the state of land resources. The values of the mean square error of determining (predicting) the coordinates of the boundaries of contaminated land plots are proposed, depending on the category of land, the location of the landfill, as well as the speed of pollution propagation. The characteristics of different rates of pollution propagation, which is formed as a result of leachate ingress beyond the boundary of protective engineering structures, are given. The periodicity with which it is necessary to carry out monitoring measurements of the land pollution level is justified. The methods of coordinating the boundaries of pollution, as well as various measurement tools, are considered. The discussion touched the questions connected with waste recycling technologies and positive impact of refusal of storing SMW both on ecological state of resources and their investment and market appeal. In conclusion, it is stated that the modern concept of sustainable development of territories should be based on environmentally safe land use, the principles of which criticize the creation and operation of landfills of solid municipal waste. Existing municipal solid waste landfills should be operated using land information modeling technology, which should be based on a geoinformation model of the prospective development of the territory. This model includes the dynamics of changes in the number of residents within the boundaries of territorial entities served by a landfill of municipal solid waste.

Land Tenure and Land Acquisition Enforcement in Vietnam

Land tenure is an individual relationship to the land. Vietnam applies a regime of universal ownership of land. The land belongs to all the people of Vietnam, but the State represents the owner. Land ownership in Vietnam includes three fundamental rights: the right to possess, use, and dispose of land. When the State allocates land to land users, it only assigns them the right to own and use land. This article evaluated one out of eight rights to dispose of land by the State, land acquisition. Data was collected from a survey with 100 land-expropriated households, five interviews with authorities at all levels, and five interviews with households living next to the study area. The results show that land acquisition does not ensure fairness for families who lose land. Compensation rates are six to eight times lower for agricultural land. The right to access land information is also not appreciated when people do not know their household compensation details. Another inequity was also seen between households who lost land and those living around the land acquisition project.

Surface Shortwave Radiative Fluxes Derived from the U.S. Air Force Cloud Depiction Forecast System World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis

Abstract We present a global-scale evaluation of surface shortwave (SW↓) radiative fluxes as derived with cloud amount information from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Cloud Depiction Forecast System (CDFS) II World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) and implemented in the framework of the NASA Land Information System (LIS). Evaluation of this product is done against ground observations, a satellite-based product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and several reanalysis outputs. While the LIS/USAF product tends to overestimate the SW↓ fluxes when compared to ground observations and satellite estimates, its performance is comparable or better than the following reanalysis products: ERA5, CFSR, and MERRA-2. Results are presented using all available observations over the globe and independently for several regional domains of interest. When evaluated against ground observations over the globe, the bias in the LIS/USAF product at daily time scale was about 9.34 W m−2 and the RMS was 29.20 W m−2 while over the United States the bias was about 10.65 W m−2 and the RMS was 35.31 W m−2. The sample sizes used were not uniform over the different regions, and the quality of both ground truth and the outputs of the other products may vary regionally. It is important to note that the LIS/USAF is a near-real-time (NRT) product of interest for potential users and as such fills a need that is not met by most products. Due to latency issues, the level of observational inputs in the NRT product is less than in the reanalysis data. Significance Statement We evaluate a current scheme to produce surface radiative fluxes in the NASA Land Information System (LIS) framework as driven with cloud amount information from the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Cloud Depiction Forecast System (CDFS) II World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA). The LIS/USAF product is provided at near–real time and as such, fills a need that is not met by most products. Information used for evaluation are ground observations, MODIS satellite-based estimates, and independent outputs from several reanalysis. Since the various LIS products are used by the hydrometeorology community, this manuscript should be of interest to the users of the LIS/USAF information on surface radiative fluxes.

The Archaeology of Ancient Japanese Gardens

abstract: This article summarizes the results of archaeological research on some 20 Japanese garden sites dating from the fourth to twelfth centuries a.d., emphasizing the site plan, remains of structures, stone groupings, and ponds. Associated plant remains from five sites are tabulated and briefly discussed. I introduce some early Chinese and Korean antecedents and provide historical context. Gardens with rectangular ponds were introduced from the continent in the Asuka Period (a.d. 538–710). From the Nara Period (a.d. 710–794), garden making was naturalized in a Japanese asymetrical curving style in which structures were located away from the central axis. The gardens discussed here represent a small sample of the original gardens. They include two early examples of an adopted continental style (i.e., Uenomiya and Furumiya), a garden from an imperial palace site, gardens enclosing Heian Period shinden type architecture (raised residence with side wings) and its adapted Pure Land form, and a garden associated with the palace of a retired emperor. Plantings show a combination of flowering trees and shrubs, many introduced from the continent, combined with native deciduous and evergreen trees. Continental examples of gardens with rectangular ponds belong to royal palaces and were symbols of royal authority, as were the examples dated to the Asuka Period. In the Heian Period, state gardens such as Shinsen'en were used for state functions and required ample space and simple organization, while gardens sponsored by elite courtiers such as the Fujiwara show the expression of Buddhist belief. In the Toba Rikyū, built by retired emperors under a complex insei (retirement) system, imperial mausolea shared the landscape with mansions, Buddhist temples, and chapels. Groupings of stones, curving streams, dry landscapes, and low waterfalls probably all occurred as early as the Nara Period.

The Existence of High Heirloom Assets in Nagari Muaro Paiti and Their Relevance to Contemporary Islamic In Heritance

<p>High heirloom assets are assets that are jointly owned by a people who have blood ties and are inherited from generation to generation from previous ancestors, and these assets are under the management of the head of the inheritance (eldest male in the clan). High heirlooms do not belong to individuals, but belong to a group together. Inheritance from high inheritance applies a collective system, namely the property is not divided and delivered to the recipient group in the form of an undivided unit. To guarantee land ownership for its people, the government makes rules regarding land ownership, namely Law no. 5 of 1960. With this law, many people have certified their land, including high inheritance in the form of ulayat land in Muaro Paiti village, as private property rights recognized by law. As a result of the certificate of high inheritance into private property, of course, the system of inheritance of high inheritance has changed into inheritance according to the laws in force in Indonesia, namely Islamic inheritance.</p>

Surface Runoff Analysis Using SCS-CN Method in Summarecon Serpong Area

The increasing population is definitely in line with the rising demand for housing. One area with many residents is Tangerang Regency, Banten with a population growth rate of 5,85% per year. PT. Summarecon Agung Tbk. becomes one of the developers of an integrated area in Tangerang Regency in fulfilling housing’s need. However, the wider the development of an area, it is parallel with the changes in land cover that significantly impact surface runoff. Therefore, this study aims to determine the surface runoff in the Summarecon Serpong area. The research method used is the Secondary Data Analysis (SDA) approach which requires several data; rainfall, land cover, and soil type. These data were then processed using Frequency Analysis to obtain design rainfall and continued to the SCS-CN Method to obtain surface runoff with the return period at 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, and 100 years. The land cover in the Summarecon Serpong area was dominated by buildings, with the Hydrologic Soil Groups (KHT) in the form of Groups C and D. The calculation of the Composite Curve Number (CNk) value based on land cover and Hydrologic Soil Groups were 88,89, while the calculation of direct runoff using the SCS CN Method with a return period of 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, and 100 years respectively were 77 mm, 121 mm, 154 mm, 188 mm, and 275 mm. The lowest surface runoff occurred on land cover in the form of green open land with Hydrologic Soil Group C, and the highest surface runoff occurred on land cover in the form of water bodies. This analysis indicates that focusing on the green open land in the Summarecon Serpong area can reduce surface runoff while increasing infiltration to maintain the sustainability hydrologic system.

The Impacts of Land Use Spatial Form Changes on Carbon Emissions in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2020: A Case Study of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area

The ecological contribution of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has received considerable attention as a result of the increased focus on global climate change and the continuous growth of carbon emissions in all countries. In this study, we proposed a method and measured the carbon emissions from land use in the Lhasa metropolitan area from 2000 to 2020, based on image interpretation data, by exploiting corrected carbon emission factors in different land types from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We studied the impact of construction land form on carbon emissions using the spatial lag model (SLM) and the spatial error model (SEM), and the results show that the Lhasa metropolitan area’s carbon emissions showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with the characteristics of “slow acceleration–slight deceleration–acceleration”, with a deceleration period from 2005 to 2015. As a result, the construction land has a relatively low capacity, but it constitutes about 90% of all emissions; moreover, carbon emissions from cultivated land cover about 9%. The rate of spatial expansion of carbon emissions from land use is significantly slower in the Lhasa metropolitan area, yet the spatial expansion of carbon emissions has a clear direction and increases in the north and west of Lhasa. The carbon emissions from land use in the Lhasa metropolitan area is characterized by “one core, many points, and multiple belts” in spatial distribution. The changing of spatial forms of construction land has a significant impact on carbon emissions. Finally, we depicted the impact logic of land use pattern on carbon emissions and provided policy and management recommendations that were both feasible and reasonable.