Разработка технологической схемы выполнения работ по определению границ загрязнения земельных участков полигонами твердых коммунальных отходов

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research of approaches for monitoring the condition of land plots both occupied by MSW landfills and the ones negatively influenced by the neighboring landfills. The con-cept of a landfill of solid municipal waste (MSW) is considered. The characteristics of the negative environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills on the state of land resources are given. Geo-analysis and geomodeling methods have been applied to plan the placement of municipal solid waste landfills, as well as to predict their negative impact. Examples of the placement of municipal solid waste landfills near settlements, as well as examples of the choice of land plots for the construction of landfills are considered. The list of optimality criteria that are used when choosing a land plot for the placement of a landfill is shown. A technological scheme of work has been compiled to determine the level and area of contamination of land plots by landfills of solid municipal waste. The stages of work are closely considered, which include: cadastral and geodetic works, as well as environmental monitoring of the state of land resources. The values of the mean square error of determining (predicting) the coordinates of the boundaries of contaminated land plots are proposed, depending on the category of land, the location of the landfill, as well as the speed of pollution propagation. The characteristics of different rates of pollution propagation, which is formed as a result of leachate ingress beyond the boundary of protective engineering structures, are given. The periodicity with which it is necessary to carry out monitoring measurements of the land pollution level is justified. The methods of coordinating the boundaries of pollution, as well as various measurement tools, are considered. The discussion touched the questions connected with waste recycling technologies and positive impact of refusal of storing SMW both on ecological state of resources and their investment and market appeal. In conclusion, it is stated that the modern concept of sustainable development of territories should be based on environmentally safe land use, the principles of which criticize the creation and operation of landfills of solid municipal waste. Existing municipal solid waste landfills should be operated using land information modeling technology, which should be based on a geoinformation model of the prospective development of the territory. This model includes the dynamics of changes in the number of residents within the boundaries of territorial entities served by a landfill of municipal solid waste.