Land Cadastre Research Articles

Selected cartographic sources from the late 18th century to 1939 for the research of Josephine colonization in the Austrian sector of the first partition of Poland

Abstract The article presents a selected base of cartographic sources enabling analyses on Josephine settlements in the Austrian partition from the late 18th century to 1939. The purpose of the article is to present the cartographic source base on Josephine colonization collected in Poland and Ukraine. The research covered all settlements created during the Josephine colonization (1781–1789). The text discusses cartographic source materials (available on-site and online) acquired through queries. The analyses included village plans, large--scale maps of Galicia, the Galician cadastre (Austrian land cadastre) and maps from the interwar period.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

This study examines the peculiarities of land-use regulation, and the mechanisms through which the state regulates are studied. The principles based on which the activity of land use subjects should be regulated are described. The improvement of the land use regulation system depends on the quality and efficiency of the state land cadastre system in Ukraine, as it contains vital information about the land and its properties, land use boundaries, and the content of its ownership rights. This article analyzes the legal, economic, and administrative-organizational aspects of land use, as well as the principles on which the regulation of the activities of land use entities should be based. Special attention is paid to the role of the state land cadastre as a critical source of information about land relations and their regulations. The study also emphasizes that the effectiveness and level of the state cadastre have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the land use regulation system. Having analyzed the dynamics of changes in this number, he testified to the tendency towards a decrease in the number of active business entities in the field of land use. In particular, he found that from 2015 to 2022, the number of agricultural enterprises decreased by 30% and the number of individual land users – by more than 37%. Thus, the article emphasizes the need to improve the system of land use regulation in Ukraine and indicates the key aspects that should be considered in this process. Therefore, in regulating land use, the state should be given a critical role, as it can only develop a practical legal framework, act as a guarantor of the country's food security, and promote balanced land use. Ensuring the effective regulation of land use is only possible with a complete understanding of the dynamic natural environment and monitoring the impact of business entities on this environment.

YAROSLAV MYKHAYLOVYCH BILANCHYN (ON HIS 85TH BIRTHDAY)

In connection with the 85th anniversary of the birth of Yaroslav Mykhailovych Bilanchyn – famous soil scientist, geographer and educator, dean of the Faculty of Geology and Geography (1985–2007), head of the Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography (1994–2017), Head of the Department of Geography of Ukraine, Soil Science and Land Cadastre (2017–2020) of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, pedagogue, mentor, teacher, general information about his life and creative path and contribution to the theory and practice of domestic soil science and geography is presented and geographical education.

APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION AND REGISTRATION OF LAND USE LIMITATIONS

Recently, the mechanism of establishing restrictions on land use as a regulator of ensuring favourable conditions for the life of the population and sustainable development of territories has gained significant importance. One of the common areas of application of this mechanism is the restriction of certain types of activities in territories or individual land plots that cause negative consequences. An important direction of any research is classification, which is an effective tool for systematization and allows grouping the object of study according to certain criteria or characteristics. In the paper, an analysis of the variety of restrictions on land use was carried out, their aggregation and structuring was carried out according to various characteristics, taking into account legal, spatial, social, economic and ecological aspects. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and system methods were used. The classification of land use restrictions is proposed depending on various classification features that determine the difficulty of their establishment and subsequent compliance by the population. The main factors that determine the difficulty of their establishment and subsequent compliance by the population are: features of the object of restriction, the presence of a regime-forming object and its characteristics, the degree of certainty by regulatory and legal acts, grounds for establishment, spatial dimension, term of validity, ownership rights to land plots in the area of restriction, access mode, beneficiaries of restrictions, changes in the value of land, the method of entering information about restrictions on land use into the State Land Cadastre. The results of the study illustrate the need for further determination of the impact of restrictions on social, economic, and environmental aspects of territorial development.

Assessment of landslide hazard risks on the example of the land cadastre of Kosiv district

The purpose of the research presented in this article is to analyse landslide hazards by assessing the impact of the natural component of factors on land use within the Kosiv district of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The increasing number of negative consequences of landslide processes in the study area, and especially in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, requires the creation of new approaches to land resource assessment and civil engineering to reduce the negative impact of landslides on the environment and human activities. Methods. Landslide processes were studied using geophysical methods, GPS and geostatistical methods of data analysis. Based on the created mapping layer of the land cadastre and the landslide hazard map for Kosiv district, a vector analysis was performed to assess the risk in each area according to its cadastral number. Results. The environmental and geological risk of the natural component of landslide hazard factors was calculated using geoinformatics and geostatistical analysis tools with the use of QGIS. An important result of the research is the creation of landslide risk maps of land plots based on data from the State Land Cadastre using the Kadastr.Live Toolbar plugin. Scientific novelty. For the first time an analysis of the natural component of landslide hazard risks for the territory of Kosiv district was carried out as a basis for the assessment of such risks for individual cadastral zones. The regulatory and monetary assessments were clarified based on individual territories, for conducting economic activities that require hydrogeological research or changing the intended use of land.. Practical significance. By applying the methodology of dividing landslide risk assessment factors into natural and anthropogenic components, it becomes possible to identify areas within the study area with the highest probability of landslide development and activation. This method helps to study the characteristics of natural factors and is useful in assessing the risk of landslides..

Some issues of correlation between the state land cadastre and land monitoring

The article is devoted to some issues of correlation between the state land cadastre and land monitoring. It is emphasized that such functions as the state land cadastre and land monitoring play a significant role in the management system in the field of land use and protection. It is emphasized that the State land cadastre and land monitoring are the main source of information on the qualitative and quantitative state of land. Such information is necessary for solving relevant tasks and making informed decisions in the field of land management.
 It is emphasized that land monitoring, which is carried out with the aim of obtaining information on the qualitative state of land resources, plays a significant role in the implementation of cadastral activities and is one of its directions.
 It is emphasized that the State Land Cadastre, as a function of management in the field of land use, protection and restoration, is closely interrelated with such functions as land monitoring and control over land use and protection. It is emphasized that these functions have the feature of complementing each other, which makes it possible to achieve the goals and objectives in the field of public administration in the land sector.
 The author examines the functions inherent in the State Land Cadastre, one of which is information. The author also notes that based on the data obtained during land monitoring, the State Land Cadastre's database on the qualitative characteristics of land is filled with information on land. In addition, the overall goal of the state land cadastre and land monitoring is to protect and preserve land resources. Thus, the tasks of land monitoring include information support of the state land cadastre, which in turn complements the content of land cadastral activities.
 It is emphasized that the State Land Cadastre and land monitoring are the main sources of information on the state of land resources which allow obtaining objective data throughout the country. The information contained in the State Land Cadastre system and obtained in the course of land monitoring serves as the legal basis for making the necessary decisions by public authorities in the field of land use and protection. Formation of a database based on monitoring information is one of the means of ensuring cadastral activities.

Ways to improve land assessment methods in Azerbaijan

Motives: The article examines various approaches to improving the assessment of agricultural land in Azerbaijan. The quality, potential productivity, and normative price (value in monetary terms) of farmland need to be determined to increase production and competitiveness of agricultural products, to establish favourable land relations that meet modern requirements, and to promote efficient land use. The existing methods of assessing the quality and economic value of farmland for the needs of the land cadastre and determining the normative prices of land do not fully correspond to reality. Different and often contradictory approaches to land assessment have been proposed.Aim: The aim of this study was to optimize the methods of assessing the quality and economic value of agricultural land, determining the normative prices of land, and evaluating potential land productivity in view of modern requirements.Results: Improvements in land valuation will promote reliable assessments of agricultural development and the establishment of efficient farming systems; they will improve agricultural land-use efficiency and reliable determination of normative prices in market transactions involving agricultural property. These methods can be widely used to plan agricultural production, evaluate the operations of various types of farms, improve remuneration policies in the farming sector, determine the optimal scope of farming operations in view of natural conditions and economic factors, and resolve other issues to promote the development of agricultural production.

Phytocoenological Characteristics and Importance of Vegetation on the Territory of Lerik District (Azerbaijan)

In modern times, the study of vegetation from an ecological-geobotanical or phytocoenological point of view is of great importance for the effective use of natural phytocenosis that are part of the biocenosis, as well as for the implementation of the tasks of their protection on a scientific basis. In accordance with the requirements of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On State Land Cadastre, Land Monitoring and Land Arrangement”, as well as “On the Implementation of the State Program for the Efficient Use of Summer and Winter Pastures, Hayfields and Prevention of Desertification in the Republic of Azerbaijan” of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated May 22, 2004 year, in accordance with the implementation of the decree of 2011, geobotanical or phytocoenological studies are carried out on summer meadows. In the studies carried out, the ecological and phytocoenological indicators of the vegetation of the mountainous part of Talysh (on the territory of the Lerik district) were studied and it was found that mountain-meadow and mountain-steppe vegetation is predominantly distributed in the district. On a wider range, 4 formations formed by them are distributed: Stipetum-Festucosum, Astracantheta-Thymusetum-Festucosum, Astracanthetum and Festuceta-Achilletum-Astracalosum. As a result, ways of efficient use of the mountain ecosystem of the Lerik district were discussed.

Legal issues of information interaction between the State Land Cadastre and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Legal issues of information interaction between the State Land Cadastre and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Digital transformation of land legislation of Ukraine as a way of its modernization: status and prospectives

The article examines the main trends in the development of digitization of land legislation of Ukraine as an important direction of modernization of the land relations in Ukraine. Each branch of law needs and perceives the tools of digital technologies differently, which is due, first of all, to the specifics of the branch of the subject of legal regulation. The need for digitalization of land relations and, accordingly, digital transformation of land legislation of Ukraine was determined by the course of land reform. Its task was the mass redistribution of land with the termination of land rights of inefficiently working farms and their transfer to the ownership or use of new market-oriented business entities. Such redistribution caused the need for massive land survey works to form a large number of new land plots. However, land survey organizations carried out the formation of new land plots by developing land management documentation in paper form, which created conditions for mass abuse. In order to overcome the problem of imposing boundaries of land plots, it was decided to transfer control over their formation from humans (land engineers, government officials, etc.) to an independent, dispassionate «arbitrator» – computer software. This purpose was achieved by the introduction into legislation of two «digital» tools: the development of land survey projects both in paper and electronic form, and the maintenance of the state land cadastre as an electronic register of land information. An important component of the digital transformation of the land legislation of Ukraine is ensuring the access of interested users to the digital information of the State Land Cadastre. Such access is carried out using special digital services which are are divided into two groups. The first group of digital services provides general access to digital information. Anyone can use them without identification of the user. The second group of digital services should include software and technical means that provide individual accessto digital information by a person, which is carried out under the condition of his identification. The task of digital land services is to accelerate the resolution of certain problems in the regulation of land relations in professional and personal life based on a higher level of availability of information about land resources. Thus, the digital transformation of the land legislation of Ukraine is based on legal provision for the transfer of a significant part of information about objects and subjects of land relations from paper form to electronic (digital) and providing access to such information online. The digital transformation of the land legislation of Ukraine is manifested in the introduction into this legislation of a system of legal norms that ensure the digitization of land information and the creation of digital services for access to such information by citizens, legal entities, state authorities and local selfgovernment bodies. The digital transformation of the land legislation of Ukraine should be considered as a process of legal development, which includes three main components: 1) transfer of a significant part of information about objects and subjects of land relations from paper form to electronic (digital); 2) creation of a large-scale system of specialized digital services for online access to land information and for implementation by owners, users and authorities of the system of land rights and land powers; 3) regular updating of information about the earth based on remote sensing of the earth, bringing its functioning (ideally) to the level of 24/7 online mode. Key words: land, land reform, land legislation, state land cadaster, digitalization, land digital services.

Rethinking the Impact of Land Certification on Tenure Security, Land Disputes, Land Management, and Agricultural Production: Insights from South Wello, Ethiopia

Land is a precious resource in the Ethiopian highlands, where the entire agricultural system depends on rain-fed system. The resource faces multiple interconnected environmental and socioeconomic challenges. Among these, the absence of tenure security has significantly affected farmers’ willingness to adopt soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs), leading to a decline in land productivity, hindering household food security, and contributing to an increase in land-related disputes. Bearing this in mind, the government of Ethiopia (GoE) has undertaken two rounds of land certification programs in selected regions, one of which was Amhara National Regional State (ANRS). This study examined how land certification strengthens tenure security, lowers land-related disputes, motivates farmers to employ SWCPs, and raises the productivity of farm plots in Dessie Zuria and Kutaber Woredas. The research followed an exploratory survey method which utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. The survey involved purposefully selected 401 household heads. Additionally, cross sectional data were collected from various sources, including Woreda and zonal agriculture, court, land, and Natural Resource Management (NRM) offices. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency tables, percentages, graphs, figures, cross-tabulation, and descriptive statistical methods. Meanwhile, qualitative data were transcribed, grouped, and interpreted in line with the research’s objectives. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis. The findings denoted a positive relationship between land certification and tenure security. Furthermore, enhanced tenure security has played a positive role in reducing land-related disputes, initiating farmers to invest in SWC practices and improving the productivity of farm plots. The research suggests the adoption of a cadastral land registration system, the encouragement of community involvement, and the enforcement of laws and bylaws. The research recommend implementation of cadastral land registration system, promote community participation, and enforcement of laws and bylaws. The work has implications for development practitioners, academia and policymakers working on land tenure, SWC practices, and food security.

Сertain issues of maintaining the state land cadastre

The article is devoted to certain issues that arise in the field of maintaining the state land cadastre.The article notes that the works of domestic scientists are devoted to certain topical issues of maintaining the State Land Cadastre. The scientific views of scientists on this issue were analyzed.The legislative principles of the State Land Cadastre and the land registration reform as a whole have been studied. Attention was drawn to the fact that today certain issues of the procedure of maintaining the State Land Cadastre, filling it with information, in particular regarding the qualitative condition of lands, remain almost unexplored.The article emphasizes that the State Land Cadastre is one of the most important functions of public administration in the field of land use, protection and restoration. Its main tasks, principles and documentation are considered.Attention was drawn to legislative novelties in the field of maintaining the State Land Cadastre, expanding the list of its objects, updating information and procedures.The competence of state cadastral registrars, which is defined in the Law and consists of relevant actions, which, in turn, constitute a certain cadastral activity, has been considered. The components of cadastral activity were studied.Attention is focused on the problem of accounting for the quality of land, since land accounting in the State Land Cadastre is carried out both in terms of quantity and quality of land. It is noted that information on land and soil protection measures should be included in the State Land Cadastre.It is emphasized that any changes in the quality of the land must be entered into the State Land Cadastre, in particular the Land Register.Proposals for improving legal regulation in the field of maintaining the State Land Cadastre, cadastral activity, filling it with information on the quality of land plots have been formulated.

Challenges of implementing a land cadastre in Rio de Janeiro: the Bangu case study

The urban environment of Rio de Janeiro has its own complexities when compared with other large cities in Brazil and around the world. In addition to its peculiar topographic structure, the history of the city – from its foundation to the present day – has led to unique and contradictory characteristics. A multipurpose land cadastre (MLC, in Portuguese: Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário), since its inception in Brazil, promises to adapt urban environments to a new reality, facilitating the management of their entire territories by using tools such as geographic information systems. This study intends to identify and analyse the main issues that prevent Rio de Janeiro from establishing an effective MLC, most notably the existence of a variety of land-use bases with legal value, but which are contradictory if examined cartographically. This study was carried out by examining a subset of Rio de Janeiro: the Bangu neighbourhood. Bangu was chosen for being a considerably complex neighbourhood, with a variety of land uses that reflects the urban fabric of Rio de Janeiro as a whole. The analysis not only points out inconsistencies in current cadastral bases, but also suggests tasks and policies to help overcome them and provide the city with appropriate cadastral bases that reflect the reality of its urban soil.

Implementation of the land issue in the new economic policy of Kazakhstan

The goal is to determine the place and role of "land" in achieving the goals of the new economic policy and finding solutions to improve the efficiency of its use. Methods – monographic, analytical, statistical, abstract-logical. Results – it is noted that in the republic a course has been taken for radical transformations, in which land resources play an important role. Systemic problems hindering the development of the country's economy have been identified. An analysis was made of the areas leased to foreigners, as well as foreign trade turnover for 2022. The main tasks and directions of their implementation for the purpose of effective land use are outlined. The foreign experience of taxation of agricultural land is studied as the basis for the development of a new methodology for calculating land tax for ACP. It is recommended to identify unused or not used land plots for their intended purpose in order to involve them in agricultural circulation; to promote the expansion of advisory assistance to agricultural producers when filling out the automated land cadastre system, to establish a logistics system for agricultural products in order to prevent artificial price increases by intermediaries; provide state support in the allocation of subsidies on a differentiated basis. Conclusions – it is shown that the state focuses on land resources, the correct exploitation of which will strengthen and stabilize the economy of Kazakhstan. These principles were laid down earlier, but have not yet been sufficiently regulated. Their full implementation requires new approaches and methods that contribute to the effective use of agricultural land, the productivity of which can systemize a number of specific problems: an increase in pasture areas, hayfields and increase in agricultural production in general. It is necessary to increase the transparency of pricing mechanisms.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

A modern cadastral system should include a legal, technical and economic component. The legal component determines information about owners and users taking into account the historical aspect of registration of property rights, the technical component should include data on the location of the land plot, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, and the economic component, in turn, forms an idea of the ways of using this land plot and its value. There are various types of land cadastral systems, which differ in their structure and functionality, so the study of their main characteristics is an urgent issue today. The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics and features of cadastral systems with the aim of improving the State Land Cadastre of Ukraine. Modern cadastral systems of the world are organized mainly by the land registration component. According to this feature, two main systems of securing rights to land ownership or real estate are distinguished: "Agreement system" and "Title system". The difference between the two concepts is related to the cultural development and judicial system of the country and is whether only the transaction is registered (deal system) or the title itself is registered and protected (title system). А comparative analysis of the developed and reliable European cadastral systems of Austria, Germany, Switzerland and France was performed. It was established that all considered cadastral systems have the same characteristics, such as: completeness and accuracy of geodata – presented in the form of a detailed cadastral map; accessibility and ease of use – access to cadastral systems is free and available to citizens; security level – modern technologies are used to protect data, including encryption and authentication of users; regularity of updates – usually once a year, and distinctive features, namely: variety of functions that they solve; various data collection systems are used; different level of integration with other systems. Keywords: cadastral system, state land cadastre, geospatial data, land plot, geoportal.

Development of the legal framework for land monitoring and protection in the digital environment

Relevance of the research topic. The need to complete the land reform, the main goal of which is the restructuring of land relations, as well as the introduction of changes in the structure of land and the form of management, determines the need for systematic and full-scale monitoring observations and research. Formulation of the problem. Central authorities cannot always see the "holistic picture" of land relations, both at the level of districts, regions, and at the national level, and cannot always find optimal solutions for improving land relations. Therefore, there was a need to implement a land relations monitoring system that is constantly updated and stores information to provide data analysis and forecasting, as well as the development of science-based recommendations for effective management. Analysis of recent research and publications. Questions related to the legal regulation of land monitoring and protection found their place in the scientific works of various scientists, such as M. Yerofeiev, N. Malysheva, S. Sharapov, as well as many others. The problem of land protection was studied by such respected scientists in this field as: Yu. Shemshuchenko, V. Andreitsev, N. Tytova, M. Shulha, P. Kulynych, V. Nosik, G. Hutsuliak, D. Dobriak, N. Mazii, A. Sokhnych, A. Tretiak and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The current state of studying the problem requires improvement and a clear definition of the legal basis for monitoring and protecting land in the digital environment. The adaptation of the existing legal framework for land monitoring and protection to the legislative norms of the European Union determines its functional development in the conditions of constant restructuring of land relations in Ukraine. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The purpose of the research is to analyze the existing system of land monitoring and protection, to identify problems and to study the prospects for the development of legal aspects of their functioning in the digital environment. The task of research is to collect and analyze information about the state of natural resources for use in the process of exploitation, management and determination of the limits of use of these resources. The research involves obtaining the necessary data and using them to implement management functions in relation to the natural resources being exploited. The survey methodology. The methods of collecting, analyzing, summarizing information, as well as methods of research observation, which reflect the current state and prospects for the development of land monitoring and protection, are applied. Such methods are built primarily on the basis of collected data related to the monitoring and implementation of land protection in Ukraine today. With the help of the analysis of the specified legislation and the collected library sources of information, it is possible to carry out a full analysis of the work on a real basis and answer all the questions. Presentation of the main material (results of work). It was established that one of the main tasks of land monitoring and protection is the creation of a base of objective information that will be used in assessing the state of land resources. It was found that the information obtained with the help of the state land cadastre serves as a legal basis for making the necessary decisions by state bodies in the field of research, monitoring and land protection. It is also proposed to adopt a special law to ensure the legal status of monitoring and protection of land relations, the final stage of which should be the creation of an electronic data array. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be applied in the field of agricultural economics and state administration in terms of monitoring and protection of land resources. Conclusions according to the article. The monitoring and protection of land nowadays requires a complete improvement of its methodology. It is necessary to create an effective national monitoring system that will be responsible for the quality of lands and soils. This is due to the fact that the acquired data make it possible to constantly adjust both the quantitative norms and regulations that are subject to control, as well as the improvement of organizational and legal support for monitoring and land protection through the creation of a special body that will monitor and protect land in its work, i.e the Center for Monitoring and Land Protection of Ukraine.

The Results of Land Cadastral Data Research on the Example of the Village Mzisguli

Our research shows the possibilities of spatial analysis by using geoinformation systems, on the Georgian land cadaster information, in particular, on the information created in the process of land ownership registration reforms in the Ministry of Justice, the National Agency of Public Registry. Also the research shows the importance of land cadastral data as the basic data. The research findings identify the problematic issues and provides their solution ways. It was approved the opinion on how important it is to convert the information stored in the archives about the old land use and soil maps into a digital format, particularly, to transfer in the spatial (geographical) information, for comparing old and modern conditions in order to plan future activities. The village Mzisguli, located in Sagarejo Municipality, Kakheti has been chosen for the research, where the pilot project of systematic registration has been completed. The boundary of the registration sector of Mzisguli (55.02) is used as the boundary of the research area. There were analyzed all possible quantitative and percentage indicators from the existing cadastral and spatial data created in the research process. Additionally, there were created data bases with all important geospatial layers, and were prepared thematic maps and various recommendations. Keywords: Cadastre, Land Cadastral system, Ownership registration, Land resources, Geodata, GIS, Spatial analysis.

Austrian Cadastre still in use – Example proceedings to determine the legal status of land property in southern Poland

The cadastral map is a large-scale cartographic record of property ownership that preserves the dimensions and shape of an owned land parcel on the earth surface, but also the spatial relationship of all individual parcels to each other. There are hundreds of thousands of cadastral maps to be found all over the world. Cadastral maps aided land assignment and taxation, presenting statistics essential for territorial administration, or as a symbol of state control over land. The historical land cadastre introduced in the early nineteenth century in the Austrian Empire, was the foundation of many countries' land register systems. One of the areas it covered was Galicia, a southern part of Poland annexed by Austria in the eighteenth century during the Partitions. The study evaluates the use of old Austrian cadastral maps in southern Poland, mainly in matters related to property boundaries. The Austrian Cadastre lost its importance in Poland after the Second World War due to sociopolitical changes. Still, it became a source of data on real property boundaries once again after the 1989 transformation, which restituted and enhanced ownership rights. Today, modern court proceedings on boundary disputes, easement appurtenant decisions, release of property, grant of property title, or usucaption often need to refer to historical legal sources, including the Austrian Cadastre (cadastral maps and land tax registers) to determine ownership boundaries. The paper presents numerous examples of modern uses of historical land cadastre documents, including cadastral maps and land tax registers in land surveying and legal procedures in Poland. The results show that data from the historical land cadastre remain a source of information when determining ownership boundaries despite the time passed. Therefore, the cadastral documentation offers not only historical and research value but also a practical one.

Green Grabbing in the Matopiba Agricultural Frontier

This article discusses grilagem (land grabbing) in the Cerrado, particularly in Matopiba territory, which is seen as the newest and largest global agricultural frontier. It examines how the Rural Environmental Cadastre (CAR), created in 2012, has become an instrument for land and green grabbing. The analysis draws on empirical evidence on overlapping land cadastres and conflict in Piauí. The CAR has favoured green grabbing due to weak land governance, allowing the appropriation of land and nature through claims of environmental protection. The article highlights resource appropriations on the frontier that reflect the ‘unequal ecological exchange’, and the ‘metabolic rift’, that characterises the global capitalist system. It contributes to a highly topical debate on green grabbing, in the context of climate change and environmental sustainability. Crucially, it offers a perspective of the global South, on how the green agenda is being used through legal tools as a mechanism of resource appropriation.

The The Land Cadastre in Italy and some fiscal implications: a case study

The Land Cadastre, as an inventory of all relevant real estate in a territory, and most importantly, as a national tax system is, or at least should be, the protagonist of fiscal, social and civil implications affecting the Italian context. According to unitary farmland incomes, the last revision dates back to 1978-1979, a period that no longer reflects the country’s current socioeconomic situation and does not consider the changes the land market has undergone over the years. Through the analysis of 183 purchases and sales of agricultural land in two districts in western Sicily, this research aims at verifying the adequacy or inadequacy of the current cadastral tariffs. Based on the prices surveyed and the cadastral farmland incomes, some indicators were constructed showing, on the one hand the absence of a strict correspondence between these two values and on the other hand the actual presence of fiscal inequality for all the crop qualities examined; and, consequently, the need for revising cadastral tariffs or for reforming tax system of Italian Cadastre by replacing tariffs with market values.