Land Acquisition Research Articles

The Impact of the Construction of the Haekrit Dam on the Social and Economic Life of the Farming Community in Manleten Village, East Tasifeto District

This research aims to explain the impact of the construction of the Haekrit Dam on the economic and social life of farming communities in Manleten Village, East Tasifeto District. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection used was interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis was carried out in several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the impact of the construction of the dam on the social life of farming communities still often causes social conflict between farmers regarding the use of irrigation, but land acquisition does not have a negative effect, while the construction of the Haekrit Dam has a positive effect on the economic life of farming communities such as there are changes and additions to livelihoods, increasing the income of farming communities

Efektivitas dan Kontribusi Pajak Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah

This study aims to determine the effectiveness and contribution of local taxes to local revenue in Klaten Regency in 2018-2022. The research method used is the descriptive and quantitative method. The results of this study indicate that the level of effectiveness of PAD and local taxes in the Klaten Regency is considered effective. That shows that the Klaten Regency government can realize regional original income well. In addition, the higher regional tax contributions are street lighting tax, land and building tax, and Land and Building Rights Acquisition Tax. Apart from that, local taxes that have the lowest contributions are entertainment tax, parking tax, and hotel tax.

CONSTRAINTS FACING AGROSILVOPASTORAL PRACTICES AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Agrosilvopastoral practices are recognized as a link between agriculture, forestry and a sustainable strategy for land management, particularly in tropical and subtropical developing nations. This study examined the limitations of agrosilvopastoral practices among households in Ogun State. A well thought out questionnaire was used to gather information from 240 respondents in total. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Findings revealed that agrosilvopastoral practices were dominated by men, with a mean age and family size of 54 years and 6 persons respectively. More over half (62.25%) of the farmers were literate with mean years of experience in farming being 26years. Result revealed that inadequate capital (1st) is the most serious challenge facing the agrosilvopastoral households, followed by insect infestation (2nd), instability in market price (3rd), inadequate access to land for farming (4th), high cost of transportation (5th), insufficient market centers (6th), source of inputs (7th), technical knowledge (8th), mode of land acquisition (9th) and animal destruction of crops (10th). The study thereby recommends that extension workers from different organizations should educate farmers about agrosilvopastoral practices through seminars, and backing being offered to farmers in the terms of loans, hybrid seeds and credit provision for increased production.

Beyond informality: ‘Nimble peri-urban land transactions’ - how migrants on the margins trade, access and hold land for settlement

How do migrants on the margins trade, access, and hold land for settlement? This ethnographic inquiry based on a case study of Malawian migrants in peri-urban Zimbabwe revealed the practice of ‘Nimble peri-urban land transactions’—encompassing not only the extralegal and informal aspects of land transactions but also emphasising flexibility, agility, conviviality and invisibility in land acquisition. What sets ‘Nimble peri-urban land transactions’ apart from the characterisation of conventional informal land transactions is the profound role played by ‘conviviality’ in creating a congenial atmosphere for acquiring and securing land rights. Individuals in convivial connections act as essential intermediaries, witnesses, and mediators in land deals. Their contributions are instrumental in maintaining spatial orderliness within the community, demonstrating that informal land transactions are not always chaotic or disorderly as perceived but can adhere to a well-structured set of ‘nimble’ norms and mechanisms that regulate land access and ownership. Nimble peri-urban land transactions not only provide a lifeline to individuals and families seeking a place to call home but also contribute to the overall urbanisation and development of peri-urban areas. Thus, the study challenges prevailing notions of land governance by emphasising the importance of recognising and comprehending not only the ‘informality’ but also the ‘nimble transactions’ that characterise land markets in peri-urban areas. It calls for a more holistic approach to land governance, acknowledging that rigid formalities alone may not adequately address the unique needs and realities of marginalised populations in these contexts.

Implementation of Compensation of Rights of Ownership on Land in the Development of Toll Road in Dumai City, Riau Province

This paper is based on the research in Dumai City in 2019. Frequently, in the implementation of land acquisition resettlement for general interest development emerged issue in compensation. The former land owner whose land has been used for development of toll road Pekanbaru – Dumai (in this matter is in Bagan Besar Urban Village, Dumai City) didn’t feel satisfied with the compensation they had received. In the Article 1 point 10 of the Law Number 2 of 2012 on Land Acquisition Resettlement for General Interest Development is regulated that Compensation is the adequate and fair compensation to the parties who has rights in the process of Land Acquisition Resettlement. This research is empirical legal research. The result of this research shows that principle of adequate and fair has not been implemented.

Land acquisition for industrial development and its repercussions on the peace of the local farming communities in Lume District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Land acquisition for industrial development and its repercussions on the peace of the local farming communities in Lume District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Model Regulations for Collecting State Revenue in Registration of Sale and Purchase Land

Taxes serve as the primary source of income for the nation to finance its diverse requirements. Land sales and purchase taxes are a specialized sort of tax revenue. Nevertheless, the current taxing arrangements for land transactions enforced by the state remain unjust and need more legal certainty. This study evaluates the significance of state taxation regulations in land acquisitions, aiming to establish legal certainty and justice for the community. It proposes that state taxes on land sales should be determined based on the Tax Object Proceeds Value (NJOP). It advocates for implementing a self-assessment system to ensure equitable taxation and legal certainty in Indonesia. This study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology, conceptual approach, and statutory regulations. The sources utilized encompass primary and secondary legal texts, subsequently synthesized through deductive syllogism. The results indicate that the current rules for determining state tax deductions for land sales in Indonesia are invalid and unfair. This is because they need a self-assessment system, which leads to a lack of clarity and transparency. To address this issue, it is necessary to implement the Tax Deal System as the primary method for collecting sales and purchase taxes on land. This system would allow taxpayers to communicate with tax authorities to determine the land's fair value before conducting transactions to ensure that the transaction value and tax amount are based on the actual value of the land.

From Countryside to City: How Land Property Rights Drive Migration in China

China’s remarkable economic surge since the 1970s hasn’t erased the pronounced economic disparities across different regions, most notably between rural and urban locales. Rooted in the historical division of land rights and usage stipulated by economic reforms, this urban-rural dichotomy has fostered varied development patterns in infrastructure, primary industries, and foreign trade and investment. At the core of this dichotomy is the contrasting landscape of land property rights—state ownership in urban areas with permissible leaseholds versus collective ownership in rural areas with restrictions on transfer or leasing. This paper investigates how these divergent land property rights regimes have engendered significant migration patterns, predominantly marked by rural to urban migration, in pursuit of better economic prospects. Through a meticulous examination of the Household Responsibility System (HRS) and subsequent agrarian reforms, this paper elucidates how partial property rights and restrictions on land transferability under HRS have had substantial repercussions on domestic migration. The analysis delineates how well-defined and secure property rights, as postulated by prominent theories of property rights, are instrumental in incentivizing migration. When operational, market mechanisms of land property rights enable farmers to lease their lands, thereby fostering migration by reducing the opportunity cost of leaving rural lands. Conversely, in the absence of robust property rights, government mechanisms often lead to forced land acquisitions sans adequate compensation, exacerbating rural-urban income disparities and propelling rural-urban migration. The paper expounds on the multifaceted implications of these migration patterns on economic opportunities, poverty alleviation, and urbanization in China. Additionally, it discusses the ripple effects of rural-urban migration on income disparity and the consequent socioeconomic repercussions. The findings shed light on the complex interrelationship between land property rights and migration, providing a nuanced understanding of China’s urbanization trajectory and its attendant rural-urban disparities. This analysis offers valuable insights for policy formulations aimed at addressing the systemic issues arising from the entrenched land property rights framework, and suggests a pathway towards a more balanced regional economic development and sustainable urbanization in China.

Older People Reimagining and Envisioning Preventive Care Through Land Acquisition: Evidence From Rwanda

This article presents findings about older people reimagining and envisioning preventive care through land acquisition in the Karongi district, Rwanda. My primary objective was to understand how land acquisition constitutes a means for older people’s preventive care arrangement. Ethnographic data were collected from 15 older people’s households. Empirical findings indicate that land scarcity makes it a coveted resource that attracts care around older people possessing it. Those unable to use their land rent it out to someone else who accepts to use the land and share the harvest equally with the owners. Furthermore, caring relationships between the landowner and the land user go beyond sharing the harvest to provide other forms of caring practices, such as assistance to access health care, firewood, and water provision, as well as helping older people sell their harvest. Renting out the land displays the image of an older person actively engaged with the community and who attracts caring practices using the land. Besides, land acquisition is the basis for intergenerational care negotiation, as expectations to inherit the land encourage children to care for their older parents. Thus, this article shows preventive care that is happening outside the realm of the Western biomedical model, but rather within an imagined model of owning an asset that benefits older people, their kin, and the community.

Agriculture land use transformation: A threat to sustainable food production systems, rural food security, and farmer well-being?

The acquisition of agricultural land is a crucial aspect of survival for numerous rural communities, serving as a fundamental tool for combating poverty and food insecurity and promoting equitable sustainable economic progress. The expropriation of land offers a promising prospect for remedying past inequities and promoting both economic progress and food sufficiency. Limited research has examined the association between land expropriation and food security, livelihood shocks, and the well-being of rural households worldwide. Therefore, this research explores the implications of land expropriation on food security, livelihood shocks, and well-being of land lost rural communities. The data were collected from 384 farmers selected through stratified sampling techniques using face-to-face surveys in rural China. The data were analyzed using descriptive and logit regression models. The descriptive findings showed that land expropriation has detrimental effects on the livelihood, food security, and well-being of the farmers. Furthermore, these impacts are more harmful among land-expropriated households with a lower educational level, a large family size, and women farmers in less developed rural communities. The econometric results evinced that gender, age, education level, marital status, family size, and negative changes in income all significantly affect the impact of land expropriation on the food security of farmers. Similarly, the findings revealed that farmers with lower education levels were more likely to be affected by land loss as compared to farmers with medium and high education levels. Farmers with complete land loss were 1.70 times more likely to suffer livelihood shocks than those with partial land loss. The results also evinced that the well-being of all farmers was not affected equally, and some farmers' well-being was affected more than others due to various socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, this study suggests the implementation of public policies that provide support to farmers who have been marginalized due to land acquisition.

Legal Analysis of The Determination of Corruption Suspects Land Compensation For The Construction of The Padang Toll Road

This paper intends to examine and analyse the determination of suspects by the high prosecutor's office in the land acquisition corruption case in the Padang - Sicincin Toll Road construction project. Research using a normative juridical approach reveals that legal instruments fail to show justice, where the determination of the suspect in this case is detrimental to the people. Therefore, according to the author, it is necessary to re-analyze the procedure for naming suspects by law enforcement officials so that legal certainty can be found and the decision to designate suspects does not harm the people. The results of this study showed that there are no definite legal provisions on how the prosecutor's office can determine a suspect. Choosing the suspect so far is still in a grey area because there are no explicit provisions regarding "preliminary evidence" to determine the suspect. On the other hand, the panel of judges, in their considerations, decided that the subsidiary charges were not proven and had not been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a criminal act. On the other hand, the panel of judges, in their considerations, decided that the subsidiary charges were not proven and had not been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a criminal act.

Interface between artisanal and small-scale mining and cocoa farming in the Wassa Amenfi East and West Districts of Ghana

The study examined the interface between artisanal and small-scale mining and cocoa farming in the Wassa Amenfi East and West District of Ghana. A sample of 758 cocoa farmers were randomly sampled from fourteen communities in the study districts. Formal institutions mandated to oversee mining activities in Ghana were purposively sampled. Quantitative data were collected using an interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and complemented with narratives from key informant interviews. Land ownership in the study communities were primarily allodial and vested in traditional stools, clans, families, and individuals. The most widely used modes of land acquisition were outright purchase, partnership, and lease. Generally, miners resorted to informal agreements to acquire lands due to cumbersome legal processes which deter prospective miners from acquiring land through legal means. The odds to dispose of cocoa farms were significantly higher for migrants and married farmers and those with access to alternative livelihoods, and high well-being. We recommend to institutions mandated to issue mining licences to make the processes less cumbersome and institutionalise informal land acquisition at the community level since most prospective miners prefer to secure land from informal sources.

Challenges in the Indian Economy from FDI Perspective

The foreign direct investment (FDI) difficulties that the Indian economy faces are complicated and should be carefully considered. An outline of the main obstacles to the most effective possible introduction of FDI into India's economy is given in this abstract. The obstacles are many and multidimensional, ranging from complex legal frameworks and bureaucratic barriers to infrastructure scarcity and geopolitical uncertainty. Addressing these issues calls for a calculated strategy that includes targeted infrastructure development, enhanced administrative effectiveness, and policy reforms. Furthermore, intricate solutions are required for problems pertaining to labour regulations, cultural differences, and land acquisition. The Indian economy is resilient despite these obstacles, and taking proactive steps can turn them into chances for long-term, steady growth. A balanced and FDI-friendly climate can be created since the government works to improve regulations and expedite procedures, fostering economic growth and increased global competitiveness.

Conflict Situation and Proposals for Resolving Customary Land Conflicts in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Objective: This research aims to understand the causes of customary land tenure conflicts based on the implementation of the applicable agrarian reform legal system, identify the root of the problem, and find solutions. Theoretical Framework: In addressing customary land conflicts, we employ Paul Wehr's guidelines, as endorsed by USAID, along with the insights provided by Qin et al. (2023), including Factors of History Conflict, Conflict context, Conflict parties, Issues, Dynamics, Alternative route to solution, Conflict regulation Potential, and Map Use. The use of maps is considered the crucial first step in conflict intervention. Methods: This research method uses a qualitative approach supported by in-depth interviews with 27 informants. Key informants are selected using a purposive sampling technique. We conducted a field observation study to re-check the correct data by reducing bias during data collection and analysis. The research question is why land conflicts occur in the Besipae customary forest area, and what is the solution to the problem. Results and Conclusions: Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews yielded eight themes, including land conflict as a fundamental issue, history of conflict, causes of land conflict, land acquisition, conflict cases, the impact of land conflict, agrarian reform, and conflict solutions. Analysis of observational studies revealed three key factors: communication, dissemination, and treatment of the psychiatric impact of conflict. Communication and dissemination factors play a key role in land conflicts because conflicts occur due to most people not knowing that their land will be used for road construction, oil palm plantations, dams, railway lines, tourism areas, and others. Land acquisition should be an open process and widely announced. The government and large companies can negotiate to buy community land at market prices, and the government finds new locations for evicted communities. Given that the 2018 presidential regulations have not been well disseminated, several agencies, institutions, and community groups lack understanding of the regulations' contents. Dissemination factors play an important role in avoiding land conflicts. Meanwhile, treatment of the psychiatric impact of the conflict was added to Wehr's guidelines, given that resolving conflict is not enough just by peace, but the impact it causes is very hard on the psychology, trauma, and stress in children. Research Implications: This study presents themes that district, provincial, and national governments can utilize. The outcomes of this strategy can assist policymakers in promoting the successful resolution of land conflicts in the Besipae forest area. Originality/Value: This research begins by utilizing the map of customary land conflicts, studying conflict factors based on history, observing conflict context, conflict parties, issues, conflict dynamics, alternative routes to solution, and conflict regulation potential. Utilizing the map is considered a crucial first step in effective conflict intervention, aiming to align the perceptions of all parties involved. The findings in the study area that include communication, dissemination, and treatment of the psychiatric impact of conflict need to be added to Paul Wehl's land conflict resolution guidelines, which can be applied to developing countries.

Different pathways of accumulation in mining and conservation displacements in Botswana

Displacements of local populations for resource extraction, energy infrastructure, and conservation are a hallmark of the development state. However, differential impacts from the diverse forces of displacement, owing to their specific material, spatial, and social characteristics, are far from well understood. Southern Africa, in particular, has experienced a wide range of large-scale human displacements in its development history. Through an examination of two histories of community displacement in the Ngamiland district of Botswana, this research evaluates how different logics of development produce divergent personal experiences. The work draws on archival research and interviews with displaced people and local officials in two communities, Khwai and Toteng, that serve as representative case studies for different drivers of displacement: conservation and copper mining, respectively. Conservation displacements are frequently state-led projects while mining displacements are state-sanctioned but corporate-led. Residents of Khwai recall being transported to their current village site outside of the Moremi Game Reserve and becoming subject to conservation and wildlife tourism in the area, which has squeezed them out of leadership positions, access to land, and incorporated them into the industry. Copper mining in the region, conversely, is driven by international private investment. In Toteng, private companies have individually compensated displaced people, rather than provide them with new land. The resulting socio-economic, experiential, and socio-cultural impacts differ dramatically as a result, including increased dispersal of the community, familial tensions, and strategic land acquisitions. The results of the analysis suggest that displacements, while having a common, severely adverse impact on local communities, play out in dramatically different ways. In this case, conservation behaves (paradoxically) more within Marxist industrial models rather than mining.

Pembuatan Komik Digital Sebagai Sarana Promosi Wisata Sejarah Candi Palgading di Desa Wisata Palgading, Kecamatan Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman

Digital Comic Creation As A Means Of Promoting Historical Tourism of Palgading Temple in Palgading Tourism Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency Palgading Tourism Village which is located on Jalan Kaliurang KM 9, Palgading Hamlet, Sinduharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, has several business units in the tourism sector are camping ground, riverside and Palgading Temple, but currently it is in a vacuum or economically unproductive due to land acquisition problem. Therefore, the purpose of this community service is to raise historical tourism in the Palgading Tourism Village namely the Palgading Temple site which is a relic of the VII-X century AD where Hindu-Buddhist religion was growing rapidly at that time through making digital comics about the history of Palgading Temple. The method for implementing community service activities consists of several stages of making digital comics, including research, writing comic scripts, sketching, inking, coloring and finishing. The result is that a digital comic has been made which consist of 10 panels. The existence of a digital comic tells the story of the Palgading Temple has an impact on the history of tourism for Palgading Tourism Village.

Human dimensions of timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) management to reduce human-wildlife conflict

ABSTRACT Human-wildlife interactions are common across fragmented exurban landscapes. To date, most human dimensions research on human-wildlife conflict has focused on large mammalian carnivores, with less attention to smaller, less-charismatic species. Two isolated populations of state-endangered timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) remain in Connecticut, USA. Our objective was to assess current management, outreach, and collaboration activities associated with an exurban timber rattlesnake population. We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 16 stakeholders involved with timber rattlesnake management. Results suggested that although forest management does not focus on timber rattlesnakes specifically, participants generally were satisfied with current ecological monitoring practices. Land acquisition and the efforts of volunteers were emphasized as crucial aspects of management and public outreach success. Collaboration associated with timber rattlesnake management has achieved positive outcomes but lacks landscape-level coordination. Paired with ecological efforts, landscape-level leadership offers opportunity for shared resources and recruitment of volunteers to relieve associated capacity constraints.

The Current Status of Compensation, Support, and Resettlement when the State Acquires Land for Socio-economic Development

Mechanisms and policies for compensation, support, and resettlement when the State acquires land for socio-economic development purposes are concretized by the 2013 Land Law, aiming to harmonize the interests of the parties. However, the report from the General Department of Land Management (in 2018) said that the adjusted documents on compensation and support have yet to cover all the problems arising in practice, leading to difficulties and confusion in implementation (Nhan, 2022).In essence, the land acquisition is within the competence of the State; in contrast to the types of assets established on the land, there must be a voluntary mechanism of agreement. In this case, the State should not use its power to impose compensation prices. Although the purpose is to acquire land for economic development, the law empowers the State to decide on the value of land assets, and set on the land is not standard. When comparing the same type of asset, but the value of each place has a difference, there is no uniformity. In many localities, the market price has changed several times but still set meager compensation prices for people. From the above issue, when conducting compensation when the State acquires land for socio-economic development purposes, in any case, it is necessary to correctly and fully calculate the damage caused by land acquisition to the subjects who are using land and assets attached to land, including related intangible and tangible damage. In addition, it is also necessary to delete the support policy because when the damage is fully estimated, there is no need for support-related regulations.

PROGRAM USAID SEGAR UNTUK MENDUKUNG KONSERVASI HUTAN KALIMANTAN

As a tropical country, Indonesia faces challenges managing forests and protected forest areas. This research discusses the degradation and deforestation of Indonesian forests, which have decreased since 2017. Problems that often arise and potentially harm Indonesia's forest ecosystems are land acquisition operations for oil palm land, mining activities, excessive excavation, shifting agriculture systems, over-exploitation of wildlife, and some prohibited activities that can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provides funds to support the Indonesian government in various forest conservation activities under the Sustainable Environmental Governance across Regions (SEGAR). SEGAR incentivizes forest managers, farmers, and the business community to adopt sustainable production. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method to explain the role of foreign aid in preserving forests in developing countries. The authors interview key stakeholders to explore the program's effectiveness. The study finds that SEGAR effectively promotes forest conservation in protected areas. SEGAR also increases the capacity of local community groups to manage natural resources in the area

Land acquisition policy and practice for cooperative housing scheme in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: toward affordable housing solutions

Bahir Dar, a city in Ethiopia, is grappling with the challenges of rapid urbanization, which has made affordable housing a critical issue for its growing population. This study specifically focuses on the urban land acquisition process for cooperative housing schemes, which serve as an essential component of Bahir Dar’s affordable housing program. This atudy aimed to examine the current practices, identify the challenges faced by housing cooperatives during land acquisition and construction, and propose strategies for improvement. The primary data for this research were collected through interviews with key informants from the Bahir Dar City administration’s land management, cooperative organizer office, housing development and management office, and housing cooperative committees. Additionally, three focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted, involving 21 participants from cooperative members who had acquired residential land and from those who were waiting for allocation, including both female- and male-headed households. These discussions explored their views on the effectiveness of the cooperative housing scheme, the challenges encountered during cooperation and construction, and their recommendations for enhancement. Secondary data were also gathered through a comprehensive review of policies, regulations, research articles, reports, and relevant legal documents. The study revealed that, out of the 35,512 certified housing cooperative members since 2014, only 31,596 of them had received residential land plots. However, a relatively small fraction, i.e., less than 7,000 cooperative members, managed to partially or fully construct their homes. This indicates that the scheme has not fully achieved its intended goal and remains unaffordable for many members. The main challenges faced by cooperative members include lengthy delays in obtaining serviced land, high construction costs, and unrealistic building standards for cooperative housing units. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the Amhara National Regional State revise its housing cooperative policy to become affordable for cooperative housing members, particularly in terms of land acquisition costs and building standards.