Soybean protein (SP)-based adhesive, as a biomass environmentally friendly adhesive, is an excellent alternative to petroleum derived wood adhesives. However, SP-based adhesives have poor water resistance and are susceptible to mold attack, which limits their application range. In this paper, a synergistic strategy of catechol chemistry and supermolecular host-guest interactions was reported to prepare high strength antibacterial bio-based adhesives. Specifically, the β@SDS with lamellar structure were synthesized by enveloping the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with protein denaturing agent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The β@SDS was combined with SP and constructed a nano-assemblies based hydrogen bonding network. Meanwhile, plant polyphenol gallic acid (GA) as an adhesive bridge was introduced to the protein system to enhance the cross-linking network and interfacial interactions. Benefiting from the formation of high-density nano-assemblies-based interfacial hydrogen bonding networks, the wet shear strength of SP-GA-β@SDS adhesives reached 0.95 MPa, 163 % higher than that of unmodified SP adhesive. In addition, the polyphenol structure of GA endowed the adhesives with good anti-mold properties. The water resistance and thermal stability of the adhesive were also improved. This novel nano-assemblies based interfacial hydrogen bonding driven strategy provided valuable guidance for producing sustainable high-performance protein adhesives with potential applications in multiple fields.