Lack Of Good Research Articles

Tingkat Kepuasan Petani Terhadap Penggunaan Pupuk Hayati Boc-Srf dan Pupuk Hayati X dalam Meningkatkan Produksi Cabai Merah

Red chilli is a plant that has always been the subject of discussion because it can cause inflation in Indonesia. Even though demand is high, the lack of goods causes prices to soar. One effort to increase red chilli productivity is the use of fertilizer. The Center for the Study and Application of Technology (BPPT) has produced superior biological fertilizers, namely BOC-SRF Biological Fertilizers, which farmers use on red chilli plants. Farmers as consumers certainly feel satisfied or not after using this fertilizer or other biological fertilizers; therefore, it is necessary to research the level of satisfaction of farmers regarding the use of BOC-SRF Biofertilizer and Biological Fertilizer Hayati BOC-SRF with Hayati X in Sukatani Village, Pacet District, Cianjur Regency with 40 farmers as respondents. The analysis method uses the Customers Satisfaction Index (CSI), Important Performance Analysis (IPA) and Diagonal Analysis (Suharjo Split). As a result, farmers were very satisfied with the performance of BOC-SRF biofertilizer (CSI: 81%), while farmers using X biofertilizer were satisfied with an index value of 74.4%. The attribute that is the main priority but performs poorly when using BOC-SRF biological fertilizer is the "productive period". In contrast, for X biological fertilizer, it is the "productive period and production yield". The analysis of service efficiency levels showed that over-service occurred in the HPT resistance attribute of BOC-SRF biofertilizer, while other attributes experienced under-service. At the level of biofertilizer service efficiency X, all attributes are experienced under service.

CORRELATION OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF PROCUREMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR THE NEEDS OF THE DEFENCE SYSTEM

In the current situation of war conflicts, but also as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemics, the economic crisis caused by the lack of goods, primarily food, energy sources, weapons and military equipment and multiple other products and services, has induced price increases and inflation. In this regard, there are substantial challenges present in the field of procurement of agricultural products. In that sense, we methodologically included analysis and synthesis, compilations, inductions and deductions of “military budgets”, GDP and some other indicators in several currently most significant countries and in the Republic of Serbia, in the context of compromised global security. The aim is to attain relevant indicators and conclusions which will provide certain guidelines for improvement of procurement of agricultural products for the needs of the defense system in the future.

Optimization of infusion supply using the probabilistic economic order quantity (EOQ) method at Sanglah Center General Hospital

Inventory planning is important to avoid the advantages or lack of goods. Hospitals as health care providers also have a share in the stock of goods, one of which is infusion. This study aims to optimize infusion supply at Sanglah Central General Hospital using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method with (q, r) model. The forecasting method used in forecasting infusion requirements at Sanglah Hospital is an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The results of this study indicate the amount of infusion of NaCl 0.9% 500 ml and 5% 500 ml glucose infusion which is expected to be ordered by Sanglah Hospital at the beginning of the booking period is 11,921 and 560 units. Sanglah Hospital need to re-order when the stock of infusion of NaCl 0.9% 500 ml touched the number 3,593 and 5% 500 ml glucose infusion stock touched 202 units. To anticipate the spike of demand, Sanglah Hospital is expected to provide infusion as a safety reserve of 190 units for infusion of NaCl type 0.9% 500 ml and 21 units for glucose type 5% 500 ml. The total inventory cost of the infusion to be issued by Sanglah Hospital in the planning of the infusion needs for 6 months is also obtained.

ПІДТВЕРДЖЕННЯ РОЗМІРУ ЗБИТКУ, ЗАВДАНОГО ВНАСЛІДОК ЗНИЩЕННЯ, ПОШКОДЖЕННЯ, РОЗКРАДАННЯ МАЙНА ПІДПРИЄМСТВ, ЯКІ ПЕРЕБУВАЛИ НА ТИМЧАСОВО ОКУПОВАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ АБО В РАЙОНАХ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ

During the entire period of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, every day the country's economy loses property owned by private individuals, legal entities, territorial communities, and the state. In order to compensate for property lost during wartime, which was destroyed, stolen, damaged, it is important to correctly and timely document all the processes that preceded and caused the destruction or damage of such property. Equally important during martial law is the correctness and timeliness of documentation of lost property located in territories not controlled by Ukraine (temporarily occupied). The correctness and timeliness of documenting the loss, destruction or theft of enterprise property is quite relevant, since the state is currently developing new or improving already developed mechanisms and procedures for compensation for losses (damages) that were caused as a result of the introduction of hostilities into the territory of business entities or and temporary occupation of the territory where these subjects are located. For the purpose of documentary confirmation of the fact of destruction, theft and damage to the property of enterprises, a forensic economic examination is conducted, one of the tasks of which is to document the extent of the shortage of goods and material values at enterprises and their structural units. The enterprise must document the results of destruction, damage, theft of property. For this purpose, appropriate entries are made in the accounting and reporting documents, and at the same stage it is essential to carry out an inventory, since the way to check the actual availability of the company's property is to carry out an inventory. Inventory is an independent way of actually controlling the movement of goods and material values and ensuring the reality of accounting data. Conducting research on the lack of goods and material values that were the result of military (combat) actions is a rather painstaking, responsible process that requires a forensic expert to carefully study both regulatory and legal acts with a check of their validity at the time of the inventory, as well as accounting and reporting documents.

COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF THE PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 IN MEGA CITIES WITH THE USE OF DRIVING CARS: EXPERIENCE, LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF THE PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 IN MEGA CITIES WITH THE USE OF DRIVING CARS: EXPERIENCE, LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

COVID-19 in North Korea and Its Effect on the Cooperation of North and South Korea in the Field of Health Care

COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and first spread throughout the country and then worldwide. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, concerned about the rapid spread of COVID-19, officially declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) barred foreign tourists from China on January 21, 2020, and then completely closed its border with China. In this article, I will explore the impact of COVID-19 on North Korean society and research the cooperation plan between South and North Korea. I will also briefly introduce in the post-COVID-19 period. To better understand the health care system and health conditions in North Korea, I will first analyse the infectious disease management system and, in the context of this, then try to investigate in detail how COVID-19 has affected North Korea. From an economic point of view, I will examine the changes in economic cooperation between North Korea and China, and then try to explain the social changes caused by restrictions on movement and lack of goods, and the political situation in North Korea during the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, I will try to research the situation facing North Korea and suggest a way for cooperation between South and North Korea in the future. The basic aim of this research is to find a useful alternative for joint cooperation in the field of health care and safety and to improve cooperation between South and North Korea in the post-COVID-19 era.

Who Rules the World: Divine Providence and the Existence of Evil by Hans Schwarz

Reviewed by: Who Rules the World: Divine Providence and the Existence of Evil by Hans Schwarz Mark Mattes Who Rules the World: Divine Providence and the Existence of Evil. By Hans Schwarz. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2021. x + 210 pp. Prolific German theologian Hans Schwarz examines theodicy, the defense of God, in his latest volume. If God is beneficent and omnipotent, then why is there evil? Before offering constructive thoughts, he surveys the major world religions, including those from antiquity which influenced Judaism and Christianity, the various presentations of evil in the Bible, and Christian thinkers from ancient times until the present. All the while he is sensitive to modern developments in the natural and social sciences. Schwarz is ever diplomatic, balanced, and charitable to whichever voice he is entertaining. The question of theodicy is urgent because, in the words of Georg Büchner, suffering is the "rock of atheism." The Bible presents a number of perspectives about the relationship between God and evil, including that God is himself the cause of good and evil (30). Even so, Genesis does not present the tempter, presumably the devil, as a participant in God's heavenly court (though the Adversary is presented so in Job) (26). Jesus' ministry included exorcism, a frontal attack on evil. Paul acknowledged that human nature is itself overshadowed by evil (49), and that humanity as a whole is alienated from God. The mature Augustine, in contrast to his Manichean youth, which adhered to a conflict between an all-good spiritual deity and an all-evil bodily deity, argued that everything evil somehow contributes to goodness, indeed, ultimately the perfection of all created things. In contrast to Augustine, who viewed evil as a privation or lack of goodness, Martin Luther saw evil as having its own agency over against God. That said, Luther also acknowledged that God worked through evil "instruments," evil persons. He also described God as doing an "alien work," punishment designed to bring us to God's mercy or grace. Nevertheless, God does not cause Satan or [End Page 76] people to be evil; but, if they happen to be evil, that does not inhibit God's agency to work through them. Indeed, God punishes thieves through other thieves. In the early modern period, Leibniz, like Augustine, interpreted evil as a privation in our universe. In contrast to the Enlightenment's tendency to affirm natural human goodness, Kant actually affirmed that the human will is prone to evil, apt to heed desires as opposed to ethical directives provided by reason (91). Twentieth-century thinkers, such as Dorothee Sölle, John Hick, or Process theologians, in light of world wars, the holocaust, nuclear proliferation, and the like, have been apt to emphasize the "weakness" of God. Schwarz is at his best when he assesses matters. It is clear that God has made a universe with various levels of interdependence amongst creatures and that he does not govern by coercion. Appealing to Martin Luther, Schwarz agrees that God orders all things in the world (154), but there are degrees of freedom, especially in matters of human choice, in which humans can either accord with God's will or not, as codified in the Decalogue (whose statutes are echoed in many other cultures) (158). Luther's great insight from his theology of the cross is that because God reveals himself under the "sign of his opposite," that is, in the crucified Jesus, we cannot trace God's working in history (164). God's agency is not transparent. Unlike Calvin, God is no puppeteer "who simply pulls strings or who preordains every detail of history. While God is above and beyond the details of this world, allowing creation and humans freedom and a degree of independence, God is also in his creation and in history providing, where necessary, predictability in the natural processes and help from self-destruction through moral norms" (166). Thereby we need neither to buy into a facile optimism nor a fatalistic pessimism (183). It is clear that Job is onto something: bad things do happen to good people (191). Hence, evil is no mere privation but a power in its own right (193). Schwarz's conclusion is...

Sanitārais stāvoklis Latgalē 1920. gadā latviešu preses skatījumā

The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge of the history of Latvia in the 20th century, analyzing the sanitary situation in Latgale in 1920. The source of information – 8 Latvian newspapers from the year 1920. In the beginning of the article, the economic situation of Latgale (collapse of the farming, lack of goods, speculation) during the War of Independence and in the post-war months is de-scribed. Further, the prevalence of typhoid and dysentery epidemics is analyzed, as well as measures tak-en to improve the sanitary condition - events organized by Latgale local municipalities, assistance of Lat-vian Government and ministries in combating diseases in Latgale, as well as foreign (USA, England) as-sistance. The study allowed to conclude that Latvian newspapers are valuable historical sources in the study of the sanitary situation. The press widely and regularly informed about the dangers of the spread of diseases and explained the measures that were taken to improve the health of the population. In com-parison to the contemporary research, in 1920, due to objective reasons, the newspapers did not inform about the sanitary situation in the Latvian and Polish Armies, as well as about the Army's involvement in combating the diseases.

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT BASED ON HIERARCHICAL DECISION SUPPORT MODEL

Background. Information is one of the key elements for effective supply chain (SC) management. Availability of timely information ensures the continuous movement of commodity flows, minimizes the company's losses associated with the lack of goods or excess stocks, allows you to plan production and financial flows, take into account changes in consumer interests. The systems of information exchange between the participants of the SC are used. Predicting future sales is necessary to control the flow of goods, so firms do consumer demand forecasting.Objective. Since the explicit information has different usefulness for forecasting and decision-making for different SC participants, the problem arises of assessing the priority of various types of information in the SC management system in order to obtain a more accurate forecast of consumer demand. The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for calculating the values of the relative importance or priority of various types of information in the SC based on a hierarchical model of criteria using the opinions of the SC participants.Methods. The task of systemic assessment of the priority of information needs in the SC management system is formulated as a task of multi-criteria decision support. There are several types of information that can be used to predict consumer demand, these are alternative solutions. A hierarchical model of SC has been built, which includes criteria for the cost of obtaining information from other participants of the SC, accuracy and reliability of the source of information, degree of its use and other criteria affecting the efficiency of using information for forecasting demand.Results. An algorithm for analyzing the SC management system based on a decision support hierarchical model is proposed. The functional capabilities of the developed decision support system for solving multiple criteria decision support problems are shown, when the input information are evaluations of the SC subjects.Conclusions. The developed algorithm is used for a wider class of decision support problems, in particular when part of the expert assessments is not sufficiently consistent. In this case, the most inconsistent assessments are searched without the participation of an expert, the set of expert evaluations is adjusted by various methods depending on the properties of the corresponding pairwise comparison matrices. The proposed algorithm includes several methods for calculating the local weights of the elements of decision support hierarchical model and various methods of aggregating these weights, which increase the reliability of the obtained results.

The Importance in Providing Country of Origin Information on E-Commerce Platforms to Fulfill Consumer Rights in Indonesia

One of the threats of using the e-commerce system in Indonesian business sectors are the lack of goods and/or services information provided in the e-commerce platform, especially the country of origin information. The general standard of information that should be provided to consumers includes price, quality, and other information that can help consumers decide what to buy according to their needs and the quality of goods. The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of country of origin information in e-commerce platform based on consumer’s view. We used juridical-empirical research to find out how the implementation of a regulation. The primary sources were collected by observation method to the e-commerce platforms and survey method to the e-commerce customers. Based on theories and results, we conclude that country of origin information is important and should be provided by the merchants in the e-commerce platform. Providing country of origin information in e-commerce platform may benefit consumers and also may benefit e-commerce providers and merchants. The government needs to issue a new regulation to make e-commerce providers obligated to provide country of origin information for all of the products that their merchant sold. We also suggest the e-commerce providers to voluntarily and consciously requiring merchants selling on the platform to include country of origin information.

Auto purchase order system between retailer and distributor

Uncertainty of goods inventory often triggers the occurrence of Bullwhip Effect, where there is accumulation of goods on a stage or lack of goods at another stage in the supply chain. Bullwhip Effect is caused by an error in ordering the amount of goods, error in the time of ordering or delivery of goods. The problem can be solved using information sharing. This research utilizing information sharing between two retailers and one distributors used for the ordering process of goods. The process of ordering goods retailers to distributors is done automatically based on sales data retailers. The order quantity is calculated based on the final stock and the maximum stock value of the goods.

Relationships Among Tweets Related to Radiation: Visualization Using Co-Occurring Networks.

BackgroundAfter the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident on March 11, 2011, interest in, and fear of, radiation increased among citizens. When such accidents occur, appropriate risk communication must provided by the government. It is therefore necessary to understand the fears of citizens in the days after such accidents.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the progression of people’s concerns, specifically fear, from a study of radiation-related tweets in the days after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident.MethodsFrom approximately 1.5 million tweets in Japanese including any of the phrases “radiation” (放射線), “radioactivity” (放射能), and “radioactive substance” (放射性物質) sent March 11-17, 2011, we extracted tweets that expressed fear. We then performed a morphological analysis on the extracted tweets. Citizens’ fears were visualized by creating co-occurrence networks using co-occurrence degrees showing relationship strength. Moreover, we calculated the Jaccard coefficient, which is one of the co-occurrence indices for expressing the strength of the relationship between morphemes when creating networks.ResultsFrom the visualization of the co-occurrence networks, we found high citizen interest in “nuclear power plant” on March 11 and 12, “health” on March 12 and 13, “medium” on March 13 and 14, and “economy” on March 15. On March 16 and 17, citizens’ interest changed to “lack of goods in the afflicted area.” In each co-occurrence network, trending topics, citizens’ fears, and opinions to the government were extracted.ConclusionsThis study used Twitter to understand changes in the concerns of Japanese citizens during the week after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, with a focus specifically on citizens’ fears. We found that immediately after the accident, the interest in the accident itself was high, and then interest shifted to concerns affecting life, such as health and economy, as the week progressed. Clarifying citizens’ fears and the dissemination of information through mass media and social media can add to improved risk communication in the future.

Dissonant Harmonies: Tolkien's Musical Theodicy

Dissonant Harmonies:Tolkien's Musical Theodicy Chiara Bertoglio (bio) At the heart of what it means to be a human being are crucial questions which have given birth to all philosophy: where does the world come from? What is the origin of evil? Why are suffering and death part of our world? Human beings of all times and places have tried to provide many answers to these fundamental problems, and several of these answers are deeply intertwined with religious beliefs. Indeed, once the existence of one or more divine beings is posited, these questions may take a more direct and almost defiant shape: if there is an omnipotent and benevolent being, why is the existence of evil tolerated? And why is there such a thing as evil in the first instance? Facing this terrible question, one possible answer is the one we have come to identify with Manichaeism, but which is present in several religions and philosophies, regularly surfacing across time and space: the benign divine being is not absolutely omnipotent, but has to contend continually with one (or more) equally divine beings who are entirely evil (or who have some traits we identify as evil, such as bellicosity). Thus, history is seen as the battlefield between the good and evil powers, and human beings frequently represent the (innocent) casualties of this divine war. The Christian response to the problem of evil and suffering is both simple and complex. It is simple, since it is primarily in the form of an icon, that of the crucified and risen Christ, whose paschal mystery embodies—in a surprising and powerful fashion—both the goodness and the omnipotence of God; it is complex since, beyond this immediate and visible answer, it admits several (and sometimes deeply different) philosophical or theological accounts of how God's benevolence and omnipotence are shown in Christ's Passion and resurrection. One of the most compelling theological explanations of the origin of evil is that of St. Augustine, who, indeed, worked out his philosophical and spiritual theology precisely in response to—and against—the Manichaean view, to which he had himself previously adhered. By this account (very simplistically summarized here), "evil" is in fact a non-entity, a non-being; it is to Being what darkness is to [End Page 93] light, i.e. a lack of goodness.1 To materialize or personalize evil is, for Augustine, to fall into the Manichean heresy. Augustine's view, though enormously influential in the history of Christian thought and of Western philosophy in general, was, however, by no means the only response to the problem of evil. Indeed, several theologies which acknowledged their common origin in his thought ended up with intensely divergent results. With the advent of modernity, in particular, the need started to be felt for a theodicy, a formal vindication of God. Events such as the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 constituted an intellectual and emotional scandal for the culture of their time, and prompted some of the most prominent thinkers to cite God in the tribunal of reason, asking Him to account for the unaccountable suffering of many innocents. Though theodicy frequently assumed the form of an ex-officio defense of God's will, it also implicitly admitted human beings' right to challenge God on the ground of the problem of evil. While this move is theologically problematic, since created beings are by definition incapable of comprehending the fullness of the mystery of God, it has however an authoritative precedent in the Bible itself, where Job, a righteous man, requires from God an explanation for his suffering. The theodicies of Job's friends, which constitute a great part of the eponymous book, are ultimately discarded by God Himself, who reveals His glory to Job. This Old Testament book is therefore doubly fascinating in the effective dialectic between the overall narrative and the speeches: on the one hand, God seems to accept the challenge of suffering human beings, and indeed is more favourable to Job's protest rather than to his friends' well-meaning justifications of God (Job 42:7). On the other hand, God's response to Job is an assertion of His omnipotence and of the inscrutable...

Controle de estoque: um estudo sobre a eficiência da gestão de estoque numa distribuidora atacadista em Divinópolis, MG

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as ferramentas mais adequadas, e como elas podem aumentar a eficiência da gestão de estoque em uma microempresa distribuidora atacadista, que atua no ramo de produtos alimentícios refrigerados em Divinópolis, MG. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso. Os dados foram levantados pela observação direta da rotina de trabalho do almoxarifado da empresa, pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada com o gestor de estocagem e o expedidor. Observou-se que as principais fragilidades dessa gestão são a falta de controle na quantidade de mercadorias em estoque, mercadorias deterioradas e com prazo de validade vencido, perda de vendas por falta de mercadorias e mercadorias sem a atenção necessária. Portanto, concluiu-se que a utilização de ferramentas como a curva ABC, inventário físico, Peps e o estabelecimento de nível de atendimento à demanda contribuirão para o aumento da eficiência da gestão de estoque.

Informality and Its Impact on the Poor of the Albanian Society

Abstract Poverty is a complex phenomenon involving various dimensions of not only the lack of goods and services. Being poor means being sick and not being able to see a doctor; all that it means to be unemployed and do not have a secure future; the poor rate it mean to be illiterate, not being able to attend school or abandon eaten; poverty rate means lack of many services and tools for everyday life. It 'hard to give a final definition of poverty because it varies from one period to another and from one country to another. Furthermore, poverty can be measured and evaluated in different ways. The evaluation of poverty based on a multidimensional definition of poverty and deprivation in income or consumption, seen from the flows, but also the non-monetary context poverty defined on my inadequacy of a series of welfare measures that have no income, as in education, health, empowerment, access to basic services and infrastructure.

Neural Network - An Application to the Food Production Data

In industry, making a correct forecasting is a very important matter. If the correct forecasting is not executed, there arise a lot of stocks and/or it also causes lack of goods. Time series analysis, neural networks and other methods are applied to this problem. In this paper, neural network is applied and Multilayer perceptron Algorithm is newly developed. The method is applied to the food production data of prepared frozen foods. When there is a big change of the data, the neural networks cannot learn the past data properly, therefore we have devised a new method to cope with this. Repeating the data into plural section, smooth change is established and we could make a neural network learn more smoothly. Thus, we have obtained good results. The result is compared with the method we have developed before. We have obtained the good results.

The Theory of ‘Good and Evil’ of Buddhism and Moral Education

도덕교육은 인성교육이 되어야 한다. 그런데 도덕교육이 어떻게 인간의 성품을 길러내는가? 대승불교의 ‘선악불이론’(善惡不二論)은 이 질문에 대한 하나의 대답을 제시한다. 여기서 ‘선악불이론’은 ‘일심’(一心)―즉, 마음의 본성과 모습―에 의하여 두 가지 의미로 파악된다. 첫째, 선악은 본성이 서로 다른 두 개의 실체가 아니며 인간은 본래 선의 성품―즉, 진여―을 갖추고 있다. 둘째, 선악은 고정된 양상으로 나타나는 두 개의 실체가 아니며 인간은 악의 모습―즉, 망념―을 띠고 있다. 그러나 악의 모습은 진여의 기능으로 나타난 것이며 따라서 선과 연결되어 있다. 즉, 악은 선의 부재가 아니라 선의 결핍을 뜻한다. 이와 같은 ‘선악불이’에 대한 이해는 진여의 표현이 곧 도덕적 인간을 교육하는 길임을 시사한다. 본 연구에 의하면 도덕교육의 종교성을 이해할 때 비로소 인성교육이 실현될 수 있다.Moral education should be character education. The theory of ‘non-duality of good and evil’(善惡不二) of Mahayana Buddhism presents the answer to the question of how moral education cultivates the personality. The theory of ‘non-duality of good and evil’ can be comprehended in the two meanings, the nature and the appearance of mind. In nature, good and evil are not two things which are separated from each other, and human beings are originally given the character of goodness, tathatā(眞如). In appearance, good and evil are also not two things, but indeed human beings have appearances of evil. However, the appearance of evil comes out by the function of tathatā, eventually must be connected to goodness. This means that evil is not without good, but lack of goodness. This understanding of ‘non-duality of good and evil’ suggests that expressing the mind of tathatā should be the way of cultivating moral person. According to this study, when one understand the religious nature of moral education, then character education can be realized.

DEMOKRASl lMAJINASI DALAM PERTANAHAN

AbstrakThis article trying to remind on the basic function of land as the ultimatesource of living. On the author 's sight that principle deemed has beendishonored by law enforcers and government agency whom hold authorityon land affairs. It has been figured out from bleeding incident in Alas Tlogo.East Java that had been triggered by land dispute. In that incident hasproved syndrome of despotic's state power. Justice in land was violated bypositive law in where beraucracy and administrative that still on the lack ofgood services reflection. At the edge has resulted court sessions which alsocarry out the same spirit like another government agency as said by theauthor like circus-clowns. By that argument the author give her explanationconcerning democratic state 's idea. prosperity of people direction justhappens in imagination outlook.

Nacionalinės pinigų sistemos kūrimas ir laikinųjų pinigų įvedimas: priešistorė ir įgyvendinimas

2007 m. minėsime nacionalinės pinigų sistemos sukūrimo 15-os metų sukaktį. Nors praėjęs laikotarpis nėra ilgas, tačiau dėl jame buvusių įvykių gausos ar ir kitų priežasčių, dėl kai kurių faktų painumo ar supainiojimo net ir tų įvykių dalyviams ar liudininkams jau ne visada lengva nuosekliai atkurti to meto įvykių eigą. Tad ką ir kalbėti apie jaunąją kartą, kuriai tie dalykai jau gryniausia istorija, ne visada lengvai suprantama, tuo labiau kad įvairiuose straipsniuose ir šaltiniuose pateikiami tik pavieniai šio Lietuvos Nepriklausomybei reikšmingo etapo aspektai, o kartais matome ir nesusigaudymą bei skaitytojų klaidinimą. Net ir paties nacionalinės pinigų sistemos sukūrimo fakto svarba nėra tinkamai įvertinta, dažnai net ir ignoruota.Šio straipsnio tikslas - pamėginti iš tam tikro istorinio nuotolio, remiantis to laikotarpio oficialiais dokumentais, specialistų nuomone ir asmenine patirtimi, apibendrintai pateikti nacionalinės pinigų sistemos kūrimo nuo 1988 m. iki 1993 m. pirmosios pusės esminius bruožus, juos susisteminti.

The Cathars and Christian Perfection

The Church’s Founder enjoined the life of perfection on all his followers, but the Cathars were unique in describing themselves as perfect or as ‘good men’. In all other forms of Christianity it is an observable fact that the more devout church members are, the more they are conscious of their imperfections and lack of goodness. This suggests that Cathar spirituality was very different from that of the mainline Christian churches, and it is this which I want to investigate here.