Breeding Laboratory Research Articles

Yield Characteristics and Stability of Sugarcane Mutant in Three-Location Trials

Bululawang (BL) has been cultivated annually under the increasing environmental pressure caused by global climate change. This condition often decreases the genetic ability and yields of agricultural products. Meanwhile, point 2.4 SDGs, specifically in sugarcane, can be achieved through a breeding program to improve and increase the genetic quality of several varieties of the plant in Indonesia. Mutation breeding to produce superior species has also been carried out by the Plant Breeding Laboratory, University of Jember, and this helped to increase the national sugarcane production. Therefore, this study aims to obtain new high-yielding varieties using the BL as the parent plant. The mutation breeding was carried out using the EMS mutagen, and this led to the production of three selected genotypes, namely M1.4, M2.4, and M3.4, which were further developed and tested for multilocation. The three selected locations for this study include Sukorambi-Jember, Arjasa-Jember, and Pakem-Bondowoso Districts. Based on the LSI test, M1.4, M2.4, and M3.4 showed the highest agronomic performance and yield in all locations compared to BL. M1.4 and M3.4 were identified to have high yield stability in the multi-location trials, hence, they were recommended as new stable superior genotypes. Therefore, M3.4 was declared as a site-specific adaptive species, which can be planted in the Arjasa and Sukorambi areas, based on the stability tests of Finlay and Wikinson, Eberhart, Russell, and AMMI.

Genetically Modified Silkworm Breeds (Bombyx mori L.) with Sexual Dimorphism at the Initial Stage of Ontogenesis

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the breeds of the world silkworm collection of the Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture (SRIS) labelled by sex at the stage of eggs of silkworm by biological characteristics for their use in hybridization. The eggs of silkworm of these genetically modified breeds can be easily separated by color (by sex) before reaching the imago stage.
 The work was carried out in the laboratory of genetics and breeding of the silkworm of the SRIS on the materials of the living collection of the silkworm in 2020-2022.
 The search and selection of breeds for hybridization was carried out by the ranking method. The ranking method consists in the ability to establish a relationship between the features, which are expressed by the order of the place occupied by each member in the aggregate, i.e. the place of rank in the variation series.
 Hybrids from breeds labeled by sex at the stage of silkworm eggs with 100% purity of preparation, with the maximum manifestation of heterosis in reproductive and biological indicators, differ in: a high number of normal eggs in a clutch of C-12×C-10 - 614pcs, C–5×C-13 - 598pcs, C-12×C-14 – 598 pieces; caterpillar viability – C-12×C-10 – 96,5%, C-5×C-13 – 96,0%, C-12×C-14 – 96,2%; content of raw silk, – C-12×C-10 – 22,2%, C-5×C-13 – 22,0%, C-12×C-14 – 20,3%.
 By the methods of traditional breeding selection at all stages of development, improved lines of silkworm breeds C-5, C-10, C-12, C-13, C-14 were bred in terms of reproductive indicators, hatching of silkworm eggs, the viability of caterpillars, weight and content of raw silk of cocoons.

Study of the initial growth energy of the rice samples in the laboratory conditions

The current paper has presented the results of estimating rice samples for the ability of energetic plant growth from under a layer of water. The resistance of varieties to flooding is of great relevance in Russia in the fight against weeds due to the deep layer of water that weeds cannot overcome. The purpose of the study was to estimate rice breeding samples for resistance to flooding and to select the best of them for use in crossings when breeding rice varieties resistant to flooding. For the study there have been taken the samples developed in the laboratory of rice breeding and seed production of the ARC “Donskoy” from the hybridization of domestic varieties ‘Kuboyar’ and ‘Kontakt’ with such Asian varieties as ‘Mazhan Red’, ‘Kharsu 80A’, ‘Khao Hlan On’ as the donors of the flood resistance gene. The study was carried out using glass cylinders of 42 cm high. As a result of the estimation of 48 rice varieties, there were identified the forms that have the highest initial growth rates and the ability to overcome a large layer of water under anaerobic conditions. The results of germination in cylinders showed significant differences between plants in terms of growth rate under water: after 3 days from seed sowing, the length of the sprouts varied from 0.1 to 1.7 cm, on the 8 th day it ranged from 2.0 to 12.0 cm, on the 13th it was from 8.4 to 47.0 cm. Three forth of the samples after 2 weeks had a small plant height up to 30 cm, the rest part of the samples exceeded this value. The greatest sprouts’ length was in the samples ‘1006’ (47.0 cm), ‘998’ (45.3 cm) and ‘997’ (40.3 cm), which can be grown in the field without herbicides using the technology of obtaining shoots from under a layer of water or used as donors of high growth energy. There has been identified the material of practical importance for the breeding process.

Germination Pattern of Four Soybean Varieties on Media Containing Al, Fe, and Mn

Acid soils in Lampung contain a lot of Al, Fe, and Mn, which inhibit soybean growth and production. The study of seed germination is important since plant growth begins with seeds. The study aimed to determine (1) the viability of various local soybean seeds: Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Dena-1, and Devon-1 on Al, Fe, and Mn heavy metal media and (2) the highest effect of dissolved metals among Al, Fe, and Mn on the viability of soybean seeds. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Lampung from November 2019 to March 2020. The research applied a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and the data were averaged and presented as bar charts and standard deviation. The experiments were evaluated based on germination variables including germination capacity, average seed germination time, primary root length of normal germination, and dry weight of normal seedlings.The results showed that Grobogan and Anjasmoro varieties had high resistance to dissolved metals Al, Fe, and Mn, followed by Dena-1 varieties while Devon-1 was the most susceptible. The fourth day of germination showed that Fe caused the highest damage to the seeds, followed by Mn and finally Al. Interestingly, on the fifth day of germination, dissolved metal Mn had the highest toxicity effect, followed by Fe and Al.

The Influence of foliar fertilization on different soybean genotypes

Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops due to its high oil and protein content with a significant role in nutrition. Micronutrients for soybean growth and development are very important and foliar fertilization is used to overcome environmental stress and help soybean plants to fill their nutritive needs. The research was carried out in 2020 by the Soybean Breeding Laboratory from the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Turda, Romania. Foliar fertilization had both positive and negative effects for 1000-grain weight and yield however, quality traits do not seem to be influenced by applying supplement of microelements during the vegetation period. The research suggests that genotype is the determining factor in the efficiency of foliar fertilization. In this sense, the present experiment will continue to bring answers regarding the effects of foliar fertilizers on some soybean genotypes.

The effect of different gelling agents as part of culture medium on the rate of cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) unpollinated ovules gynogenic development

Relevance. The induction of gynogenic development of the culture of unpollinated ovules of Cucumis sativus L., as a part of solid nutrient media agar-agar or Phytagel™ are used as a gelling agent. The gelling agent determines the mobilization of substances in the composition of the nutrient medium and has various effects on the explants, which affects the quality of the resulting regenerates. However, there are no scientific works that explaines the effect of these gelling agents on the development of ovules and compare them with each other for C. sativus L. The aim: investigate the effect of various gelling agent in the nutrient medium on the induction of gynogenesis and the development of cucumber unpollinated ovules.Materials and methods. There are two promising collection specimens of cucumber №58 and №831 of the laboratory of cucurbits crop breeding and seed production of FSBSI FSVC were included into research. IMC nutrient medium (Induction Medium for Cucurbitaceae) with 30 g/l sucrose, 200 mg/l ampicillin, 0.2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) was used for the induction of gynogenesis; agar-agar at a concentration of 7 g/l or Phytagel™ at a concentration of 3.5 g/l was used as a gel-forming agents. Ovules were isolated from ovaries in the phase of half-opened flower (FL-1) and fully opened flower (FL). Cultivation was carried out in plastic Petri dishes with a diameter of 60 mm with an air gap of 28.8 cm3 – "KS No. 1", and glass culture jars with an air gap of 140 cm3 – "KS No. 2".Results. On containing Phytagel™ or agar-agar nutrient medium, the area of ovules during 30 days of cultivation increases irregularly. Coefficients of ovule enlargement between gelling agents differed from 1.7 to 2.6 times depending on the cultivation time. The average growth rate of ovules on media with Phytagel™ was 0.08 mm2/day, while on media with agar-agar it was 0.02 mm2/day. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype are significant factors affecting the increase in area of entered into unpollinated cucumber ovules culture. Herewith the share of the gelling agent effect was 55.01%, and the share of genotype effect was 14.53%. The effect of flower development stage or culture vessel type has not found for both of genotypes. In the study, it was possible to achieve the induction of gynogenesis in 67% of the unpollinated ovules genotype №831 on nutrient medium with agar-agar.Conclusion. Ovules development were faster on a nutrient medium using Phytagel™ as a gelling agent than on agaragar. At the same time, the percentage of induced ovules was significally higher on nutrient medium with agar-agar for both phenotypes. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype were found as significant factors of the induction and the development of unpollinated ovules.

MEAT TRAITS OF SHEEP GENOTYPES BRED IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The article presents data on meat productivity and meat quality of sheep of P×P and (R×P)×P genotypes. Scientific research was carried out in Combine “Vostok” JSC of Gomel district, in the laboratory for feed production technology and biochemical
 analysis and the laboratory for horse, fur and small animal breeding of the RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding”. It was found that control slaughter parameters in purebred animals were better than in crossbred animals, since the Precoce is a specialized meat breed and the Romanovskaya is a wool breed. The difference in the indices of physicochemical properties of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the studied genotypes is insignificant and unreliable. However, in terms of mass fraction of fat, color intensity and waterholding capacity, the crossbred young animals were ahead of the purebred ones by 1.33%, 6.67 extinction units and 12.12%, respectively. The results of nutritional value and organoleptic evaluation of mutton have shown that meat and broth obtained from crossbred animals have 0.1 points better nutritional quality compared to purebred counterparts.

ЭМБРИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЦЕЛЯХ СЕЛЕКЦИИ

Drought as an unfavorable combination of meteorological conditions under which plants experience a prolonged water shortage in the air and soil is one of the most common abiotic stress factors, the effect of which leads to significant crop losses of economically important plants, including cereals. One of the promising directions of biotechnological assessment of the resistance of existing and newly created genotypes of cereals to this abiotic stress factor for breeding purposes is the use of embryo culture in vitro, when embryos of the particular stage of development are used as explants. Especially promising is the in vitro cultivation of immature embryos that are at the critical stage of autonomy. Such embryo does not depend on the physiological factors of the maternal individual and is able to independently give rise to a full-fledged regenerant under adequate in vitro conditions. At the same time, to identify the stage of autonomy, complex cytophysiological studies of the embryo in the dynamics of development from the zygote to the mature structure are necessary. Embryonic analysis is also necessary during evaluation of the obtained regenerants in the laboratory ex vitro and especially in the field in vivo conditions. The review article, using the example of spring soft wheat, presents some results of comprehensive investigation by the researchers of the plant physiology laboratory UIB UFRC RAS on the use of cytophysiological data to identify the critical stage of embryo autonomy, as well as on the application of the obtained results in the elaboration of biotechnology of embryo culture in vitro. Together with the researchers of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of spring wheat of the RIAS UFRC RAS, the prospects of using culture in vitro of immature autonomous embryos in the creation of drought-resistant hybrid wheat lines are shown. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of theoretical formulation by RAS corresponding member T.B. Batygina, whose memory this article is dedicated to.

Parental Polymorphism Survey for Evaluation and Selection of Contrasting Parents for Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using SSR Markers

Aim: This study aims to find the informative polymorphic Microsatellite (SSR) markers for drought tolerance between the recipient parent (Pratishya) and donor parent (CR Dhan 801) of rice. The drought tolerant QTLs (qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1, and qDTY3.1) from the donor parent were subsequently introgressed into the popular variety Pratikshya via marker-assisted backcross breeding.
 Place and Duration of Study: The parental polymorphism study was conducted at Molecular Drought Breeding Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Central Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi; and at Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack during Rabi 2018-19.
 Methodology: The parents used for the study were Pratikshya (recurrent parent) and CR Dhan 801 (donor parent). The leaf samples were collected from 20-25 days old seedlings which were used for parental polymorphism survey after DNA extraction. The genomic DNA isolation was done by using CTAB method. A set of 510 SSR markers covering all the 12 chromosomes of rice were used for parental polymorphism survey in the present study. The standard protocol of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis was used. The DNA fragments were documented using gel documentation system. The graphical representation of marker data was obtained with GGT 2.0 software.
 Results: Out of 510, total 108 SSR primer pairs exhibited polymorphism between recipient parent (Pratikshya) and donor parent (CR Dhan 801) and remaining 392 SSR primers were monomorphic. The highest percentage of parental polymorphism was observed on chromosome 2 (26.53%) and 3 (26.46%) followed by chromosome 1 (23.08%); and least on chromosome number 10 (14.71%). The average per cent of polymorphism on all the 12 chromosomes were 21.28%. Out of 108 polymorphic markers obtained from screening of 510 SSRs, 69 contained dinucleotide repeats, 32 showed trinucleotide repeats and 5 were having tetranucleotide repeats.
 Conclusion: The screening of markers by parental polymorphism in rice cultivars gives the basis for tagging of the target gene, fine mapping of the gene on the rice chromosome, and subsequent application in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) programmes. The polymorphic markers identified in this study were be used for genotyping the entire mapping population and for the introgression of the QTLs/genes linked with grain yield during the reproductive stage of drought.

Estimation of the collection grain sorghum samples for breeding of new varieties

Sorghum has valuable biological features and great potential for use. Grain sorghum is characterized with super adaptability, good resistance to air and soil droughts and high temperatures, therefore it can become one of the promising crops in crop rotations. The developed varieties should be early-maturing and large-kernelled. The current paper has presented the study results of the collection nursery of grain sorghum samples of the world breeding. The trials were carried out in the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. According to the study results, there was established that, depending on the year, early-maturing forms made up 39.6–74.4 % of the studied collection. The samples ‘No.2-13’, ‘D577/19’, ‘F7 Pioner 88 x 412 Feterita rannyaya’ and the varieties ‘Kinelskoe 63’, ‘Kamyshinskoe 64’, ‘Kamyshinskoe 75’ were characterized by a short vegetation period (up to 90 days). In 2021, there were 44.8 % of the collection samples with ‘number of kernels per panicle’ from 1001 to 1500 pcs. When compared with the standard variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ (1532 pcs.), there were identified eight samples exceeding it in ‘kernel percentage per panicle’. There was found out that the largest part of the collection samples was characterized by a mean and large ‘1000-kernel weight’ (64.1–72.4 % and 16.8–25.5 %, respectively). A very large ‘1000-kernel weight’ (>40 g) through three years was established for the samples ‘Avans’, ‘Atlant’, ‘No.61–13’, ‘Spur Feterita’, ‘Redhull Feterita’, ‘Feterita’. There have been selected the forms with a complex of valuable traits for their further use in breeding work. The purpose of the current study was to research the collection material of various breeding according to such traits as ‘number of kernels per panicle’, ‘1000-kernel weight’, ‘length of a vegetation period’, which have a greater effect on grain sorghum productivity and to identify valuable sources due to these traits.

Comparative study of simple interline and three-way cross maize hybrids

Domestic interline maize hybrids are predominantly three-way cross hybrids in structure, and foreign breeding and seed companies prefer simple interline hybrids. In order to improve the competitiveness of domestic breeding, it is necessary to reorient to simple hybrids, which, in turn, requires information on whether simple maize hybrids have an advantage in specific soil and climatic areas. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a comparative study of new simple interline and three-way cross maize hybrids according to grain productivity and uniformity of economically valuable traits under unstable moisture supply. The study was carried out on the experimental field of crop rotation of the laboratory for maize breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC Donskoy” in 2019–2021. The objects of the study were 10 simple and 10 three-way cross new domestic maize hybrids developed by the method of complete topcrosses. The establishment of field trials, records, biometric measurements and phenological observations were conducted in accordance with the methodological recommendations for conducting field trials with maize. There has been found that productivity of simple hybrids (3.49–4.65 t/ha) turned out to be significantly larger than that of three-way cross hybrids (2.84–3.70 t/ha), the mean excess was 0.78 t/ha or 23.6 %. Simple hybrids were characterized with the best uniformity in a length of a vegetation period (V = 0.58–2.13 %), height of maize ear attachment (V = 5.0–11.3 %), plant height (V = 2.8–4.8 %), and, consequently, better harvesting adaptability. There has been found a negative mean correlation (r = –0.49...–0.69) between grain productivity and variation of traits in terms of maturation, plant height and height of maize ear attachment. There has been found no correlation between the structure of interline maize hybrids and such traits as grain harvest moisture, resistance to lodging and smut “virus”. Due to a set of traits there has been identified a new simple interline maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 367’.

Marker validation for salt tolerance in Indica rice

Abstract. Suprayogi, Dewi PS, Oktaviani, E, Aisya AW. 2022. Marker validation for salt tolerance in Indica rice. Biodiversitas 23: 4517-4523. The development of salt-tolerantrice variety is of importance with concern to the use of the coastal area for rice production and, consequently, the development ofarapid and accurate method of variety selection. Molecular markers associated with Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for salt tolerance in rice have been reported elsewhere. This research aimed to identify molecular markers associated with salt tolerance in rice. The research was carried out from September 2020 to February 2021 at Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. Nine Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and one Sequence Tagged Site (STS) marker were evaluated for their association with salt tolerance. The rice varieties consisted of three salt-tolerant varieties, one salt-sensitive variety, and six commercial varieties. Nona Bokra PCR amplicon was used as a positive control for DNA band scoring. Binary data of the amplicon banding pattern were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the grouping of the evaluated varieties about their tolerance to assigned markers. The result demonstrated that the evaluated rice varieties fell into four groups of marker resemblances. Among the evaluated SSR markers, RM 3412, RM 342, RM 8094, and Wn 11463 significantly contributed to the grouping. The present study confirmed that Wn 11463 is a strong marker for salt tolerance in rice. However, validation needs to be made on a broader range of genotypes to see the significance of RM 8094 and RM 3412 as salt tolerant markers.

KERAGAAN KEDELAI (Glycine max.) GENERASI M1 HASIL MUTASI VARIETAS DEGA 1 DENGAN BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI Ethyl Methane Sulphonate

Increasing soybean productivity required some effort as one is to develop new high-yielding varieties or improve existing varieties. To obtain an improved variety, one needs to obtain a population with high genetic variability to ease the selection of new suitable cultivars. In this study, we used to induce mutations using chemical mutagen, ie, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS), to increase the variability. This research had been conducted in the Plant Breeding Laboratory and the experimental farm of Riau University. Seeds of Dega-1 Variety were soaked in the solution of EMS in buffer phosphate within several concentrations ie, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, and 700 ppm. The seed then were washed with aquadest to clean the remaining EMS solution and then planted together by initial Dega-1 as the control in the field experiment using a completely randomized design (RAL) with four replications. Parameters observed were plant height, number of internodes the age of flowering, age of harvest, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, and type of growth, flower color, and pod color. Population variances were calculated by Microsoft Excel software. The homogeneity of the variance was tested with HOV by the procedures of Levene’s test. The results showed that the induction of mutations with 200 ppm of EMS increased genetic variance in M1 generation compared to the Dega 1 variety for the most quantitative character, including plant height, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. Induce that the mutation by EMS solution, on the other hand, didn’t change all qualitative characters.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТРИВАЛОСТІ ВЕГЕТАЦІЙНОГО ПЕРІОДУ ЛІНІЙ РОЗЛУСНОЇ КУКУРУДЗИ (ZEA MAYS L. EVERTA STURT.) ЗА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЄЮ ФАО

Topicality. The of the growing season is the main breeding trait, which determines the practical use of the initial material of popcorn in a particular agroclimatic zone. Thus, so the differentiation of samples on this trait is important and relevant. Issues. Most methods for determining FAO index of popcorn lines and hybrids (Zea Mays L.) are based on the standard with a certain maturity group, while for maize (Zea Mays L. everta Sturt.) such standards are not available. Purpose. To determine the FAO index of new popcorn lines on three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperature sum during the growing season, and the growing season duration. Materials and Methods. The initial material was 46 popcorn lines in S5, which were developed in the Food Maize Breeding Laboratory at the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The field trials were carried out at the Synelnykove Breeding and Research Station during 2020–2021. The FAO index of popcorn lines was determined according to Adryushchenko and Kryvytsky’s method. Results. We have determined the growing season duration of new popcorn lines according to the FAO classification by three indicators: the number of leaves per a plant, the effective temperatures sum during the growing season and the number of days until full ripening. Conclusions. It was noted that the indicator values that determine the maturity group of S5 popcorn lines can vary with growing conditions. Therefore, when only one indicator is used, we cannot obtain the accurate results. It is possible to reliably identify the maturity groups of initial material by the means of the proposed method of FAO determination on three indicators. Based on the results of the research, the new popcorn lines were divided into 3 groups. It was found that the mid-early ripening group (FAO 240-250) includes 4 lines in S5 - IKR 2-1, IKR 11-9, RV 3 and RV 1; to the mid-ripening group (FAO 320-390) – 32 lines in S5, including RR1, RR11, RS 13, RB 3, RK 43, RK 32, IKR 11-3, etc.; to the mid-late ripening group (FAO 400 - 410) - 10 lines in S5, including RV 18, RV 11, RP 61, RS 3, RV 6, etc.. It is proposed to select the lines of mid-early and mid-ripening groups for developing the new popcorn hybrids with full-value food popcorn grain. The formed working collection includes 80.4 % of samples of these maturity groups. Key words: breeding, popcorn, line, FAO maturity index, growing season, effective temperature sum.

Comparative estimation of productivity, 1000-kernel weight and grain nature weight of the winter common wheat varieties according to the parameters of ecological adaptability and stability

Relevance. The development of highly productive and stable varieties of grain crops has always been and will be the main breeding concern. The productivity of each variety greatly depends on its genotype, however, the formation of its level as a whole and its individual elements is influenced by growing conditions, in particular, weather and climatic conditions. The varieties of the same grain crop differ in different ecological and genetic variability of productivity traits, that affects their adaptability and stability.Methodology. The current study was carried out in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter common wheat of intensive type of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”” in the competitive variety testing in 2016–2020. The objects of the study were 9 winter common wheat varieties of intensive type. The standard variety was Ermak. The trials were laid down according to the Dospekhov methodology of a field trial.Results. The current paper presents the data of the five-year (2016–2020) study of 9 winter common wheat varieties of intensive type developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”” in the competitive variety testing. Studying the parameters of ecological adaptability, stability, homeostaticity, there have been identified the varieties Donskaya Step, Razdolie, Zodiak according to productivity. According to grain nature weight there have been identified such varieties as Donskaya Step, Shef, Yubiley Dona, Rubin Dona, Univer. According to 1000-kernel weight the best varieties were Donskaya Step, Yubiley Dona and Nakhodka.

Получение растений-регенерантов озимой мягкой пшеницы с использованием метода культуры пыльников

Abstract. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation conditions and the genotype of winter bread wheat samples on the formation of embryogenic callus and regenerative capacity, to identify regenerated plants in order to develop new initial material for breeding new varieties. Scientific novelty. There has been estimated the share of influence of induction nutrient media with different composition and genotype on the amount of regenerated plants of winter wheat in anther culture; there have been identified the new samples with high regeneration potential. Methods. The objects of the study were the donor plants of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of F3 generation from breeding nurseries of the winter wheat department of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, namely 13 hybrid combinations developed in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of half-intensive type. There has been used a methodology of obtaining haploids in anther culture in vitro including such methods as sterilization during work with in vitro; preparation of nutrient media; selection and pretreatment of plant explants; determination of the stage of microspores’ development; isolation and planting of anthers on an induction nutrient medium; regeneration of plants from callus tissues. Results. There has been found the most favorable nutrient media for the induction of and rogenesis in vitro. There has been identified a maximum percentage of new formations from the anthers of winter bread wheat in the sample Vol’nitsa × Gerda. There have been developed the largest number of green haploid regenerated plants from pollen callus from the samples Vol’nitsa × Gerda, Kapitan × Vol’nyy Don. There has been revealed that the contribution of the genotype and nutrient medium into the number of new formations and the regeneration of green plants was statistically significant.

Влияние метеорологических условий на формирование урожайности сортов сои селекции ВНИИ сои

Abstract. The purpose is to study correlation dependence of soybean varieties yield on hydrothermal conditions of the southern zone of the Amur region. Methods. The subject of research are local recognized standard soybean varieties – Lidiya, Dauriya, and Alena. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2017–2021 on the experimental field of the Soybean Breeding and Genetics Laboratory of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean (FSBSI FRC ARSRIS). The varieties were studied in the nursery of competitive variety testing. Sowing was carried out in triplicate by the method of randomized repetitions (blocks) in the period from May 19 to May 21 using a SN-P-16 seeder. The plot area is 40.5 m2. During the growing season, cultivation, manual weeding, phenological observations and visual assessments were carried out. The plots were harvested by continuous threshing with a Sampo 130 combine. The yield of varieties was determined in terms of standard moisture content (14 %). Results. In the course of the yield data analysis of varieties depending on weather conditions it was found that 2019 and 2020 were excessively wet (HTF – 2.6; 2.4), optimum conditions developed in 2017 (HTF – 1.7). The highest average varietal yield (26.5) over the years of research was noted in 2017, the lowest (23.4 c/ha) – in adverse meteorological conditions of 2018, due to drought period of the early plant growth and heavy storm rainfall afterwards. It was found in the course of research that formation of the Lidiya soybean variety yield is mainly influenced by the effective heat sum during periods of sprouting – flowering and flowering – ripening (r = 0.51 and –0.53). The productivity of the Dauriya variety is more dependent on the air temperature (r = –0.61) and total precipitation, and HTF of flowering – ripening periods (r = 0.62; 0.67). The Alena soybean variety showed a fairly close correlation dependence of the productivity on the effective heat sum of the periods of dropping – sprouting and flowering – ripening (r = –0.87 and –0.68), and the amount of precipitation and HTF of the period sprouting – flowering (r = –0.64 and –0.60 respectively). Scientific novelty. Special aspects of meteorological effects on the yield of soybean varieties of various ripeness groups have been established; the correlation between them have been determined. It has been found that all studied varieties are highly adapted to changing weather and climatic conditions of the Amur Region.

Phenological of Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) Based on BBCH Scale

Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) is a plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. In Indonesia, this plant grows spread in various regions and has different names in each region. However, this plant is rarely cultivated and is generally considered a weed by farmers. Recently many studies have shown that cutleaf groundcherry contains many substances that are beneficial for the health sector, so it has the potential to be developed as a cultivation plant for exotic fruit sources that function as nutraceuticals. Plant breeding programs can be a solution in responding to these problems. As the first step in developing cutleaf groundcherry through a breeding program, the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, collected accessions of cutleaf groundcherry from various regions in Indonesia. The phonological stage of its growth is one piece of information that is useful in better understanding the cutleaf groundcherry life cycle and, as a result, simplifying cutleaf groundcherry cultivation management. This research aims to provide practical knowledge on the cutleaf groundcherry life cycle to develop a more efficient plant management approach for cultivation, including plant breeding initiatives. The BBCH scale was used to make observations (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie). The descriptive statistics obtained from observations and presented in descriptive narrative form using the BBCH scale with 3-digit coding numbers and documentation images were used in the data analysis. The results showed that the BBCH scale was used to define and describe cutleaf groundcherry phenology, which included germination (stage 0), leaf development (stage 1), side shoot formation (stage 2), the emergence of inflorescence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development (stage 7), fruit and seed ripening (stage 8) and senescence (stage 9)

BIO-CATHARANTIN EFFECTS ON PHENOTYPIC TRAITS AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF SHALLOTS (ALLIUM CEPA L. VAR. ASCALONICUM 'TAJUK')

The seasonal production of Allium cepa var. ascalonicum causes a rise in its demand during the off-season. Consumers mostly prefer onion cultivars like the 'Super Philip', because of their high productivity, large and round bulbs, shiny appearance, and less spicy taste. In plant breeding, polyploidy induction through mutagens is a technique often used to produce shallot cultivars of better quality. Bio-Catharantin from the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus L. is used as a polyploid induction agent instead of colchicine. The latest study aimed to determine the effect of Bio-Catharantin concentration (0.2% and 0.4%) on phenotypic traits (plant height, bulb mass, and the number of bulbs), and the chromosome number to determine the minimum concentration that could cause polyploidization in shallots. The research was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 in a greenhouse in Madurejo, Prambanan, and the Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. Bio-Catharantin concentration did not affect plant height which was comparable with the control. Both treatments caused an increase in bulb mass up to 37.7 and 41.76 g at the concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively, compared with the control (31.47 g). The number of bulbs increased up to 10.6 and 9.8 g for 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations, respectively, compared with 8.8 in the control. The ploidy level of cells was increased from 2n (16) to 3n (24) at 2% and 4n (32) at 4% Bio-Catharantin.

Selection of the starting material with winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for selection for virus resistance

In the Volgograd region, in the dry-steppe, and especially in semi-desert zones, favorable hydrothermal conditions for obtaining maximum yields are not so often - about 20% of the years, but in these years, as a rule, various diseases, including viral ones, cause significant damage to the crop. Field and laboratory research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery breeding of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the Kamyshinsky district, in the right-bank zone of the Volgograd region, in 2019/20. Samples of the world collection of VIR were studied, by origin they were presented from: Russia - 132 pcs., Kazakhstan - 10 pcs., USA - 8 pcs., Ukraine - 8 pcs., Poland - 3 pcs. and one - Belarus and Japan. Collection samples were sown in a wide row, with a row spacing of 0.45 cm, with a cassette seeder SKS - 6 - 10, the area of the plot for each sample was 1 m2, the number of plants on five rows of the experimental plot was 300 pcs. Collection samples were studied and evaluated in accordance with methodological guidelines, assessment of resistance to various diseases on a 5-point scale, cleaning by pulling out plants. The resistance to the harmfulness of plants was evaluated in the field during the phase of milky-waxy ripeness. To determine the harmfulness of viruses, each sample was divided into healthy and affected plants, the ratio of healthy plants to damaged plants was calculated, followed by an analysis of their elements of the crop structure. A biometric analysis of plants was carried out, which included a sample of 30 plants and the determination of: plant height (cm), ear length (cm), the number of spikelets - total and including developed (pcs), the number of grains and the weight of grain from the ear (pcs). Of the varieties of local breeding, Kamyshanka 3 and Kamyshanka 5 showed relative stability. With a viral lesion, in tolerant varieties, the greatest decrease in plant productivity structure elements was observed by the grain weight of the main ear - 27.9% (due to a decrease in the number of grains -27.5%) and the grain weight of side shoots - 49.6%, in susceptible varieties, complete plant death was observed.