ЭМБРИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЦЕЛЯХ СЕЛЕКЦИИ

Abstract

Drought as an unfavorable combination of meteorological conditions under which plants experience a prolonged water shortage in the air and soil is one of the most common abiotic stress factors, the effect of which leads to significant crop losses of economically important plants, including cereals. One of the promising directions of biotechnological assessment of the resistance of existing and newly created genotypes of cereals to this abiotic stress factor for breeding purposes is the use of embryo culture in vitro, when embryos of the particular stage of development are used as explants. Especially promising is the in vitro cultivation of immature embryos that are at the critical stage of autonomy. Such embryo does not depend on the physiological factors of the maternal individual and is able to independently give rise to a full-fledged regenerant under adequate in vitro conditions. At the same time, to identify the stage of autonomy, complex cytophysiological studies of the embryo in the dynamics of development from the zygote to the mature structure are necessary. Embryonic analysis is also necessary during evaluation of the obtained regenerants in the laboratory ex vitro and especially in the field in vivo conditions. The review article, using the example of spring soft wheat, presents some results of comprehensive investigation by the researchers of the plant physiology laboratory UIB UFRC RAS on the use of cytophysiological data to identify the critical stage of embryo autonomy, as well as on the application of the obtained results in the elaboration of biotechnology of embryo culture in vitro. Together with the researchers of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of spring wheat of the RIAS UFRC RAS, the prospects of using culture in vitro of immature autonomous embryos in the creation of drought-resistant hybrid wheat lines are shown. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of theoretical formulation by RAS corresponding member T.B. Batygina, whose memory this article is dedicated to.