In seasonal frozen soil areas, engineering problems are common due to the high water content of subgrade soil. In view of this phenomenon, a new type of percolating drainage geogrid (SDG) is proposed for cooling and drainage. The changes of soil temperature and moisture at different time points were analyzed through computer simulation laboratory model test, and the changes and distribution of soil temperature and moisture under freeze-thaw conditions were obtained. The temperature and moisture changes and their distribution obtained by computer modeling agree with the experimental results. By optimizing the soil materials of the model samples, the changes of temperature and moisture with time under freeze-thaw conditions were more significant. Therefore, it can be inferred that, without changing the configuration of the percolation drain grid, the cooling drainage performance of the percolation drain grid can be improved under the same conditions by changing the heat transfer coefficient or the macroporous filling material. It provides theoretical support and data guarantee for the reinforcement of subgrade percolation and drainage grid in cold area.