Laboratory Experimental Method Research Articles

Multiscale investigation of pore structure heterogeneity in carbonate rocks using digital imaging and SCAL measurements: A case study from Upper Jurassic limestones, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of rock properties for a selected group of six carbonate reservoir rock samples revealing complex structures at various length scales. Experimental laboratory methods as well as image analysis techniques were conducted in this study to characterize the macro- and micro-pores in mud- and grain-dominated limestones samples from the Upper Jurassic Arab Formation (Arab D member). Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP), porosimeter, and permeameter lab measurements were employed to assess the pore network heterogeneity and complexity. In addition, a multiscale rock imaging approach was implemented to detect grain and pore phases at several length scales using Thin Sections (TS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), as well as 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), and micro-computed tomography images (MCT). Furthermore, the multifractal analysis method was applied on the MICP and FIB-SEM to characterize quantitatively the heterogeneity of the pores in the studied samples. Heterogeneous samples 3R, 4M, 5W, and 6M display the highest non-uniformity degree Δα values, falling within the range of [1.21, 1.39] based on FIB-SEM images. Samples 1G, 2R, 3R, and 5W exhibit more heterogeneous pore structure, with Δα values ranging from 0.73 to 1.49 based on the MICP experiments. The results and findings confirm the effectiveness of multifractal parameters Δα and the asymmetry degree in the vertical axis Δf(α) in quantifying and characterizing rock heterogeneity.

Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Sampo Antiketombe Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L) Terhadap Jamur Pityrosporum ovale

Dandruff is a health problem that is often experienced by most people because it can reduce self-confidence. The aim of this research is to determine the extract of Chinese ketepeng leaves (Cassia alata L) as an anti-dandruff shampoo preparation and to determine the activity of the shampoo against Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans fungi using laboratory experimental methods. This research is divided into three concentration variations, namely 10% - 15% 20% and two supporting controls, namely control (-) without extract and control (+), namely ketomed shampoo. Results: The results of the research for the inhibitory power of the fungus Pityrosporum ovale without extract (-) have a value of 4.43 mm at a concentration of 10% have an inhibition zone of 17.23 mm at a concentration of 15% have an inhibitory zone value of 18.67 mm at a concentration of 20% have the value of the inhibition zone is 19.66 mm in the control (+) which has a value of 20.87 mm. In Candida albicans without extract (-) it has a value of 2.33 mm at a concentration of 10% it has an inhibition zone value of 16.44 mm at a concentration of 15% it has an inhibition zone value of 17.76 mm at a concentration of 20% it has an inhibition zone value of 19.37 mm at control (+) has a value of 20.54 mm. Chinese ketepeng (Cassia alata L.) leaf extract can be used as an anti-dandruff shampoo, based on the results of the preparation evaluation it was found that the formula with a concentration of 15% meets the characteristics of a good shampoo, and the flavonoid compound content in Chinese Ketapang (Cassia alata L.) leaf extract is 15% has a high zone of inhibition against P. ovale and C. albicans fungi. So it can be concluded that the best formula obtained in this study was at an extract concentration of 15%.

Design of Wind Speed Measurement System in Wind Tunnel Based on Pitot Tube

In the current era, the development of science in all aspects continues to change. The use of wind at this time is necessary for the efficiency of the energy used. The wind speed research method for this study utilizes experimental laboratory methods, specifically employing a Pitot tube measuring instrument to collect wind speed data. From the wind speed data obtained using a frequency of 25–50 Hz, there is only a slight difference between readings from a testometer with a pitot tube and only at frequencies of 39 Hz and 43 Hz, which have a visible difference. The graph indicates that the research was successful by comparing the readings on the testometer.

The value of imbibition and syneresis for dental impression on red seaweed: a laboratory experiment

ABSTRACT Introduction: Alginate is a type of elastic dental impression, which is an irreversible hydrocolloid. The main components in sodium alginate can be obtained naturally through the extraction process from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii). Several physical characteristics must be fulfilled by dental impressions, such as dimensional stability related to imbibition and syneresis. ANSI/ADA specification No.18 regarding the maximum permitted change in alginate impression materials may not exceed 0.5%. This research aimed to analyze the value of imbibition and syneresis on dental impressions of red seaweed extract (K.alvarezii). Methods: The research was conducted using an experimental laboratory method with a post-test-only control group design. There were two groups, namely the control group of commercial dental impressions and the treatment group using dental impressions with the sodium alginate extracted from red seaweed (K.Alvarezii) by the acid method, and the FTIR test was performed to analyze compound sodium alginate. Imbibition and syneresis measurements were carried out using a calliper on a plaster cast model from negative mould casting results, where previously, the mould was soaked in water for imbibition and evaporated for syneresis. Results: Imbibition and syneresis tests showed that the impression material group with sodium alginate from red algae was significantly lower than those with commercial impression materials. It was concluded that the impression material with sodium alginate from red seaweed had an effect on reducing the percentage of syneresis (p≤0.05) and imbibition (p≤0.05) of the impression material. Based on the results of our research, it was found that the alginate impression material extracted from red seaweed (k.alvarezii) had an imbibition value of 0.33% (p≤0.05) and syneresis of 0.28%, (p≤0.05) lower compared to alginate impression materials. commercial alginate impression material. Conclusion: The imbibition and syneresis values of red seaweed alginate show an excessively low value compared to commercial alginates. KEYWORDS dental impression,sodium alginate, Kappaphycus alvarezii, imbibition, syneresis

Study on the Use of Citosan from Maps on the Reduction of Timbal (PB) Weight Metal Levels in Batik Waste

Background – The batik industry, both household and factory scale, is known to contribute heavy metal pollution to the environment. One of them is lead (Pb), which can interfere with various body systems such as the nervous system, reproductive system, as well as the growth and development of children. Treating waste before disposal into the environment is expected to reduce its adverse effects, adsorption is one method that is known to be quite effective. Objective – This study aims to test the effectiveness of chitosan extracted from shrimp shells as an adsorbent for heavy metal lead (Pb) in batik dyeing waste. Method – This research uses laboratory experimental method in several stages. Extraction of chitosan from shrimp shell through demineralisation, deproteination, depigmentation and deacetylation stages. Characterisation of chitosan was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) until the degree of deacetylation was ≥ 90%. Testing the ability to absorb lead (Pb) was carried out at concentrations: A (0.10%), B (0.25%) and C (0.5%). Result – The results of analysis using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) showed a decrease in heavy metal lead (Pb) levels in the waste. The highest uptake capacity of 95.69% and the highest adsorption capacity of 10.3678 mg/L were found at a chitosan concentration of 0.50% with an interaction time of 30 minutes. Managerial Implication – Chitosan from shrimp shells is an effective adsorbent for Pb in batik waste, which is expected to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This method can be a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to the waste problem in the batik industry.

The effect of flour-based feed black soldier fly larvae on crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens) growth

Feeding in accordance with the level of nutritional needs can support the optimum growth of crayfish. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae has potential as feed source because it contains high protein, relatively short harvest period, available in abundance. This study aims to determine the effect of feed pellets made from BSF larvae flour on the growth of crayfish. This research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023 at the Zoology Laboratory of the Biology Education Department, University of Jember. This study used a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The research used 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely control (P0) using fish flour-based feeding, treatment 1 (P1) using BSF flour-based feed, and treatment 2 (P2) using fish flour and BSF flour-based feed. Parameters observed include carapace length, wet biomass, dry biomass, Feed Utilization Efficiency (FUE), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) that measured once a week. The results showed that the three treatments had no effect significantly. Based on the result, pellet feed designed using BSF larvae flour and fish flour can be recommended as an alternative feed for replacement pellet feed that formulated using fish flour.

The growth, survival and intestinal bacteria in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with addition of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in Feeds

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture faces many disease problems. The use of antibiotics to treat diseases leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can endanger human health. To overcome this problem, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are eco-friendly solutions that can be used in shrimp aquaculture to improve water quality, growth, survival and disease resistance. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on growth, survival, and intestinal bacteria in white shrimp (L. vannamei). The experiment was conducted using a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replications. (K) Without supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in feed; (Pro) Supplementation of probiotics in feed; (Pre) Supplementation of prebiotics in feed; and (Syn) Supplementation of synbiotics in feed. The parameters measured were SGR, FCR, SR, total lactic acid bacteria and vibrio dominance. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with SPSS version 25 and a 95% confidence interval. If the results had a significant effect (P<0,05), Duncan's test was used to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that probiotic and synbiotic treatments gave the best results on SGR, FCR, SR, total lactic acid bacteria and vibrio dominance compared to the control treatment. This study concluded that added probiotics and synbiotics in feed can increase total lactic acid bacteria and reduce the dominance of vibrio in the intestines of white shrimp, as well as increase the growth and survival of white shrimp (L. vannamei).

Post-Stroke Range of Motion Measurement Tool with Black Box Boundary Value Analysis Testing

Stroke is the second cause of death and the third cause of disability in the world. One of the treatments for post-stroke patients is physiotherapy. This treatment is expensive and requires mobility. Additionally, the level of adherence of post-stroke patients in carrying out physiotherapy also influences the effectiveness of healing. Therefore, this research proposes a new tool - named “the Post-Stroke Range of Motion (ROM) Measurement Tool with Black Box Boundary Value Analysis Testing – for physiotherapy telemonitoring of post stroke patients. This tool is designed on the left hand for measuring the ROM with the integration of MPU6050, MAX30102, and Flex sensors connected to ESP WROOM 32. This study uses a quantitative research type with a laboratory and field experimental method approach. The flex sensor was tested by measuring the minimum and maximum resistance values, which are converted into straight (0<11), bending (11<46), and fully bending (46<90), and the software was tested using the Black Box Boundary Value Analysis method. The outcomes unveil that the proposed system - with its various features - has the potential to be widely applied, and readily utilized by patients in physiotherapy rehabilitation exercise at home.

The Influence of Enrichment with Ascorbic Acid and Fermipan on Artemia sp. Exposed to Salinity Shock

Artemia sp. plays a vital role in the natural feed used for cultivation due to its rich nutritional composition, primarily consisting of proteins and amino acids. Despite its nutritional value, the current profile of Artemia sp. falls short of being optimal for sustaining its life. To address this, a study focused on enriching Artemia sp. with ascorbic acid and fermipan during the salinity shock test. The research utilized a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The toxicity test for ascorbic acid on Artemia sp. employed the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, and the obtained toxicity values were used to determine treatment dosages. Artemia sp. enrichment involved a 3-day soaking process with seven distinct treatments, each repeated for accuracy. The salinity test subjected Artemia sp. to salinities ranging from 25 ppt to 0 ppt, recording the survival rate every 4 hours until mortality occurred. The toxicity test revealed an LC50 value of 200.84, indicating the toxic nature of ascorbic acid against Artemia sp. In the salinity shock test, Artemia sp. demonstrated varying resistance levels, with the longest survival time observed in the AS 2 treatment (20 hours), followed by FR, C1, and C2 (16 hours), AS 3, C3, and the control (12 hours), and AS 1 (8 hours). The enrichment of ascorbic acid and fermipan significantly influenced the salinity shock test, but the combination of both did not have a significant impact on Artemia sp.'s response to salinity shock.

Penambahan Bubuk Ekstrak Ikan Haruan (Channa Striata) terhadap Kekuatan Tekan dan Perubahan Warna Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Tipe II Secara In Vitro

This study aims to prove the effect of adding haruan fish extract powder (Channa striata) on increasing the strength of type II Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) filling materials. The method used is a laboratory experimental method with a post-test-only control group design approach. There are 6 treatment groups, namely the addition of 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg, 50mg, and without addition (pure). This research was conducted at the Dental Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Study Program, Mulawarman University and PT. Sucofindo Samarinda. The study was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that the greatest compressive strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) was found in pure glass ionomer cement (GIC) without the addition of haruan fish extract which showed a compressive strength value of 37.0 MPa. The more amount of haruan fish extract powder added, the lower the strength of the glass ionomer cement will be. There is a difference in compressive strength between pure glass ionomer cement (GIC) without haruan fish extract powder and glass ionomer cement (GIC) with haruan fish extract. In conclusion, Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) type II without the addition of fish extract powder must have the greatest compressive strength compared to the addition of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, and 50 mg. The addition of haruan fish extract powder decreased the strength of the glass ionomer cement and no color change occurred. 
 
 Keywords: Haruan Fish Extract Powder, Glass Ionomer Cement, Compressive Strength

Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) dan Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) terhadap Candida albicans Penyebab Keputihan Patologis Secara In Vitro

Pathological vaginal discharge (Candidiasis) is a reproductive health problem experienced by more than 50% of women throughout the world. Candida albicans is the main cause of pathological vaginal discharge. This disease is characterized by yellow to greenish discharge, odor, and itching to the point of bleeding which can cause death. Antifungal drugs used to treat pathological vaginal discharge can have several side effects. Therefore, the urgency of this research is to find natural alternatives for pathological vaginal discharge drugs, such as sweet orange peel and kepok banana peel which contain bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to test the antifungal activity of a combination of ethanol extracts of sweet orange peel and kepok banana peel against Candida albicans in vitro. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. The results showed that all combinations of ethanol extracts of sweet orange peel and kepok banana peel could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. The inhibitory power of each extract combination is categorized as moderate to very strong. According to the one-way ANOVA statistical test, all combinations were significantly different (p < 0.05). The ethanol extract of sweet orange peel contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and steroids, while the kepok banana peel extract contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids and alkaloids.

Tahapan Proses Produksi Dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung

Plastic is the dominant packaging used by the public, so it has the potential to damage the environment. It is necessary to synthesize raw materials for making plastics that are degraded by microorganisms, namely bioplastics. Bioplastics are packaging materials that are synthesized from natural raw materials so that they can be degraded in the environment. The raw material used is corncob because it is abundant and the benefits are not maximized. Research is needed to examine the stages of the production process and the characterization of bioplastics from corncob waste. The purpose of this study was to examine the stages of the production process and the characterization of bioplastics from corncob waste. This study used a laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis. The production of bioplastics consists of the stages of making cellulose, cellulose acetate, and bioplastics using the solution casting method. The stages of cellulose isolation include hydrolysis, delignification, pulping, and bleaching, which showed an increase in cellulose content from 32.14% to 79.36%. Cellulose is acetylated to become cellulose acetate and has an acetyl content of 11.70 ± 0.40% with a yield of 121.16 ± 0.98%. The production of bioplastics uses a composition of cellulose acetate and chitosan at 50%:50% (w/w) successively. The resulting bioplastic has a thickness of 0.345 ± 0.024 mm, a density of 0.83 ± 0.03 g/cm3, a moisture content of 13.13%, a biodegradation value of 95.19%, a water resistance of 205.57%, and is transparent. The mechanical properties of bioplastics include a tensile strength of 22.3 N/m, an elongation of 21.11%, and a modulus of elasticity of 0.307 Mpa.

The Effect of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) Extract on Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Serum and Renal Histopathology of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus on the pancreas that can end up in chronic pancreas failure. Various treatment options to repair pancreas damage due to diabetic nephropathy, one of which is by using Anredera cordifolia leaves. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract, and to determine the effective dose of Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract in regenerating male white rat kidney cells. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. This study used 30 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 test animals, namely normal group, negative control, positive control, dose of 25 mg/kg BW, dose 50 mg/kg BW, and dose 100 mg/kg bw. The level of histological damage to the renal tubules was observed with HE staining using an Olympus CX23 microscope. The data from the scoring of the level of renal tubular damage were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments. The results showed that the Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract has an effect on kidney cell repair; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw is effective reducing urea and creatinine; with an average decrease of 17.0 and 0.71 mg/dL in repairing kidney cells with an average damage value of 1.

Study on activated sludge composition and concentration setting for increasing COD efficiency in dairy industry wastewater

The dairy industry’s wastewater is the pollution problems that must be concerned. Since dairy wastewater tends to be easily biodegradable, the commonly wastewater treatment technology is biological treatment. The efficiency of reducing COD in the aeration tank of PT. AN was about 39.54% compared to the theoretical that can be achieved until 90%. Therefore, this research objective was to improve the efficiency of COD reduction in the aerobic-activated sludge process of PT. AN. The research was done by laboratory experimental method with variations of the concentration and type of the activated sludge applied, also variations in Bacillus cereus bacteria addition. The performance was measured by the COD reduction efficiency after 9-hour aeration and 3-hour sedimentation. The result showed that by increasing 100% of the activated sludge concentration, the process could increase the COD reduction from 20.3% to 49.8%. The 50:50 combination of existing activated sludge and other activate sludge taken from non-dairy industry’s WWTP got worse result, with the COD reduction from 20.3% to 15.9 %. The better result was shown by Bacillus cereus bacteria addition, the COD reduction can achieve 67.0% with 4.7 % bacteria addition and 97.0% COD reduction can be achieved with 9% bacteria addition.

Effectiveness of Chlorella sp. in phytoremediation of different wastewater in North Aceh

Chlorella sp. is microalgae species used to treat wastewater and can grow and develop well inside contaminated environments by interweaving symbiosis with bacterial decomposers. This study purposed to evaluate the effectiveness of Chlorella sp. in the phytoremediation of different wastewater from North Aceh. This research used the experimental laboratory method with an experimental design Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The treatment factor was different wastewater obtained from North Aceh consisting of A: domestic wastewater, B: tofu wastewater, and C: slaughterhouse wastewater repeated three times. The observed parameters were water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate concentration, decrement of organic materials, and microalgae growth. The result showed that Chlorella sp. could remediate the wastewater by decreasing the organic materials in the wastewater. The temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen in wastewater were optimal for Chlorella’s life. Implementation of Chlorella sp. gave a significant effect (p<0.05) on the efficiency of organic materials decrement in wastewater, namely BOD 64,6%-65%, nitrate 76,8%-91,2%, and phosphate 72,7%-94,6%. Furthermore, the suitable wastewater for Chlorella sp. growth with its highest peak value (p<0,05) was the slaughterhouse wastewater. The recommended wastewater was slaughterhouse remediated by Chlorella sp. to be used as cultivation media of fish.

The effect of Temulawak extract gel on angiogenesis and re-epithelization rate post-tooth extraction of Wistar rats

Introduction: Post-extraction wound healing involves angiogenesis process followed by re- epithelialization. Temulawak is an herbal plant containing active substances such as curcumin, tannins and flavonoids, which could stimulate the formation of growth factors and encourage fibroblast migration. Further, it would facilitate angiogenesis and increase the migration of epithelial cells to accelerate wound healing process. Objective: to assess the effect of 5% temulawak extract gel on angiogenesis and the re- epithelialization rate after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. Methods: this study used in vivo laboratory experimental methods on 30 Wistar rats, divided into control and treatment groups. Mandibular left incisor was extracted and the Wistar rats were euthanized on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. The mandibles of the rats were then decapitated and observed under a microscope with 400x magnification. Data analysis was performed with SPSS Software. Results: LSD post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between control group day-7 and treatment group day-3, as well as treatment group day-7 (p<0,05). There is also a non- significant difference in epithelial gap between control group day-5 and treatment group day-3, as well as between control group day-7 and treatment group day-5 (p>0,05). Conclusion: 5% temulawak extract gel has a statistically significant effect on angiogenesis and the re-epithelialization rate after tooth extraction in Wistar rats.

Research on casing deformation prevention technology based on cementing slurry system optimization

The casing deformation prevention technology based on the optimization of cement slurry is proposed to reduce the casing deformation of shale oil and gas wells during hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the fracture mechanism of hollow particles in cement sheath was firstly analyzed by discrete element method, and the effect of hollow particles in cement on casing deformation was investigated by laboratory experiment method. Finally, field test was carried out to verify the improvement effect of the casing deformation based on cement slurry modification. The results show that the formation displacement can be absorbed effectively by hollow particles inside the cement transferring the excessive deformation away from casing. The particles in the uncemented state provide deformation space during formation slipping. The casing with diameter of 139.7 mm could be passed through by bridge plug with the diameter of 99 mm when the mass ratio of particle/cement reaches 1:4. According to the field test feedback, the method based on optimization of cement slurry can effectively reduce the risk of casing deformation, and the recommended range of hollow microbeads content in the cement slurry is between 15% and 25%.

Antibactery test of dragon scale leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) patientaries on the hamble zone of Propionibacterium acnes

Research on the benefits of the starch essence of dragon scale leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) against anti-bacterial P.acnes has not yet been conducted. The use of dragon's scales as an anti-bacterial on acne is intended to develop a new type of anti-bacterial that has minimal side effects against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria and to overcome resistance problems arising from the use of antibiotic drugs. This research uses laboratory experimental method with quantitative research type and the design used in the research is Post Test Only Control Group Design. The parameters measured were the antibacterial power of Drymoglossum piloselloides leaf starch juice against Propionibacterium acnes microbiologically by using the disc paper method, then the inhibition zone was measured using a caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The results of measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone of dragon scale leaf starch juice (Drymoglossum piloselloides) against Propionibacterium acnes inhibition zone, obtained the average diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 40% of 1.26 mm with a weak category, at a concentration of 50% of 1.94 mm with a weak category, at a concentration of 60% of 2.8 mm with a weak category, at a concentration of 70% of 3.36 mm with a weak category, at a concentration of 80% of 3.94 mm with a weak category and in the positive control using Chloramphenicol get an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.36 mm with a moderate category

The effect of the basic tillage system on soybean weediness in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To improve the system of soybean crops weed control under different methods of tillage.
 Methods. Field and laboratory experiment, mathematical and statistical method to assess the reliability of the obtained results.
 Results. The researched species composition of weeds in soybean crops included 12 species of 7 families, with a predominance of dicotyledonous species (80.1—93.3%), regardless of the tillage method the proportion of the monocotyledonous species made up 6.7—19.9%. The following species were most common: Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum lapathifolia L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. and Setaria glauca (L.) Pal. Beauv. The maximum weediness of soybean crops before herbicides application was observed under the moldboardless main tillage use (to a depth of 10—12 cm) and amounted to 481.5 pcs./m2, of which dicotyledonous species made up 81.7% and monocots — 18.3%. The lowest number of weeds (at the level of 254 pcs./m2) was observed under the No-till technology, the share of dicot species made up 80.1%. With the use of the moldboard tillage in soybean crops before herbicides use, the total number of weeds was 425.5 pcs./ m2, where annual dicotyledonous species predominated (93.3%). Soybean crops subject to herbicides use on the moldboard tillage variant formed a 2.49 t/ha yield, which was 50% higher than that of the weeded control variant. The use of the moldboardless tillage and No-till technology ensured productivity in the range of 2.34—2.40 t/ ha.
 Conclusions. Regardless of the soil tillage method, dicotyledonous weed species occupied from 80.1 to 93.3% of the soybean crops, with the predominance of Chenopodium album L., the share of which was 66.6—77.3% and Polygonum lapathifoliа L. — 17.6—24.9%. The use of various methods of soil tillage and weed control ensures elimination of weeds at the level of 91.0—91.5% and maintaining productivity in the range of 45—50%.

Effect Of Giving Avocado (Persea americana M.) Juice on MDA and TNF-α Levels

A Cigarette is one of the free oxygen radicals that interfere with a free radical’s balance and antioxidant in the body. It involves oxidative stress. Oxidative stress involves a failure system that triggers an inflammation response in endothelial class blood vessels that have pinned exiting the inflammation reaction in the form of cytokines, especially TNF-α. It functioned to know the effect of awarding avocado juice to MDA and TNF-α. This research used the experimental laboratory method that approached a post-test-only control group design. The subject of this research used 20 Wister rats, which kind of inclusion. It is shared in 4 sections as random services. Such as K1, K2, K3 and K4. K1 has given a standard weft. It has been done without a smoking display. Meanwhile, K2 has given a standard weft that has used a smoking display for 14 days. K3 and K4 have been given avocado juice doses. It was as much as 2,7g/200g weight/day and 54g/200g weight/day. On the fifth day, the specimen has taken the blood. It could know the results of MDA and Tnf-a. The data analysis used the normality test by Shapiro Wilk, homogeneity, Levene, and one-way ANOVA test. The result of this research has the highest rate. The highest rate was K2. It could be proven for the One-Way Anova MDA and Tnf rate test. It showed a significant difference between categories, which is p=0,000 scores. The conclusion of this research has been giving avocado juice with 2,7g/200g weight/day and 5,4g/200g weight/day. Then, it could reduce the MDA and Tnf-a rate on the Wistar rat. It has been since the smoking display.