Labor Work Research Articles

Tác động của đầu tư công đối với tăng trưởng kinh tế của tỉnh Phú Yên

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of public investment on the economic growth of Phu Yen province and on that basis, the author recommended some solutions to use this investment more effectively. The study uses the vector error correction model (VECM - Vector Error Correction Model) with data collected from Phu Yen Provincial Statistical Yearbook and related agencies in 27 years, from 1996 to 2022. The research results show that public investment has a positive impact on the economic growth of Phu Yen province in both the short and long term, in which the level of impact in the long term is higher than in the short term. In addition, the research results also show that labor working in the economy also positively impacts long-term and short-term economic growth. For private investment, it has a negative impact on GRDP growth in the short term and a positive impact in the long term. These findings have important implications for public investment management activities in Phu Yen province.

Labor fatigue and work organization in a food factory, Aragua-Venezuela, 2023

The objective was to evaluate work fatigue and work organization in a food factory, in the state of Aragua, 2023. Research with a quantitative, field, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational scope approach. The population was 135 workers and the sample was 101 workers, obtained by snowball sampling. The Yoshitake questionnaire (1978) modified by INSAT 1987 was applied. The statistical programs IBM SPSS ® Statistics Version 25 and EPIDAT were used. The sample was characterized using descriptive statistics and correlated by applying the chi-square and p-value tests. Results: The average age was 42.59 years, predominantly female; 44.6% single; 52.5% live with their partner.; 51.5% have secondary education; the family burden is less than or equal to three members in 61.4%; working workforce 80.2% all under rotating shift schemes; 63.4% have a length of service greater than 16 years; the travel time to the workplace is less than 30 minutes in 56.4%; 62.38% presented fatigue, in this group, 84.13% with general symptoms of fatigue, followed by 9.52% with mental fatigue, and 6.35% physical fatigue. It is concluded that 62.4% present mixed type work fatigue. Women, workers, those who live far away and those who worked shifts are more affected. There are no statistically significant differences between socio-occupational characteristics, shift work and the presence of fatigue.

The intersection between traditional roles and a fragmented labor market: a propensity score matching analysis of gender wage gap in Ecuador

PurposeThis study aims at estimating the gender wage gap in Ecuador, and its evolution over the last decade and a half, exploring its heterogeneity through different working conditions (formal/informal, full employment/underemployment, short term/long term and tenure/no tenure) and workers personal characteristics (education level; age and children).Design/methodology/approachPropensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM) are used to examine the gender pay inequality of wage earners in Ecuador, using the National Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Survey (ENEMDU) data set from 2007 to 2022.FindingsResults show a persistent gender pay gap, evidencing a significant heterogeneity through the different dimensions taken into account, in terms of working conditions and workers personal characteristics. The evolution of the pay gap during the years analyzed hardly shows any reduction of differences in earnings between men and women; on the contrary, women exposure to precarious and unregulated jobs seems to be increasing wage inequality.Practical implicationsThe results make the case for active policies oriented not only at containing the negative effects of the traditional division of labor within the family but also at improving labor law enforcement, mitigating informality and workers rapid turnover.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few that use matching techniques to study the gender wage gap and the first in Ecuador; the time span taken into account is larger than previous studies, allowing a medium-long run perspective across different economic phases.

CHILD LABOUR IN AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: FEATURES AND ONGOING CHALLENGES

In the Republic of Moldova, the issue of the child labour in agriculture presents a significant challenge. This study has the aim to evaluate the participation of the Moldovan children in agricultural work and its effects on their well-being, safety, and education. Highlighting a lack of updated data and research within Moldova, especially in the agricultural sector, this study employs a detailed methodology encompassing national statistics, expert surveys, and international convention reviews. The findings indicate the involvement of children in various agricultural tasks, including hazardous ones, affecting their education and health, with children aged on average 12.7 to 15.3 years working over 20 hours weekly. The research distinguishes between harmful child labour and beneficial work, advocating for a comprehensive strategy to improve educational opportunities, family incomes, and alternative employment options. It stresses the importance of effective policies and legislation to safeguard children from exploitative labour in both formal and informal sectors. Although there has been some advancement in tackling child labour in Moldova, considerable obstacles persist. The research advocates for a comprehensive strategy that includes refining policies, strengthening the enforcement of current laws, and executing specific initiatives aimed at decreasing child labour in the agricultural sector. The research calls for joint efforts from the government, international bodies, NGOs, and communities to protect and promote child welfare, aiming to integrate children into safe environments and offering them better future prospects.

Solutions To Improve Vietnamese Law on Improving the Labour Force and Workers' Income in The Context of the 4th Industrial Revolution

The fourth industrial revolution has a significant impact on labour quality as well as workers' income. This article analyzes the theoretical basis for the impact of the 4th industrial revolution on the quality and income of workers. This article also evaluates the current impact as well as some recommendations on improving the law to improve the quality and income of workers.

Robots, gender economic opportunities and household adjustment: Evidence from China

Leveraging a unique historical instrumental variable—the first introduction of modern technology during China's Self-Strengthening Movement—this study utilizes macro / micro-level dataset to analyze how robotization affects gender economic opportunities and subsequent life-cycle transitions. The analysis indicates that (1) gender gaps in labor force participation, income and working hour declined significantly more in regions that introduced robots compared to other regions, increasing the relative economic status of women; (2) regions with higher robot exposure tend to experienced also a decline in marriage and childbirth, although no notable change in divorce was observed; (3) these patterns may attributable to enhanced status of women in the labor market, which in turn diminishes their satisfaction with economic and domestic contributions of men and leads to prioritizing career advancement over marriage and childbirth. Overall, our evidence shows that robots have a substantial impact on labor market structures, with potential spillover effects on a series of demographic behaviors.

Application of Fuzzy Decision Support Systems in Risk Assessment of Southeast Asian Labor Market

The labor market in Southeast Asia has several complicated issues, including the quick changes in the economy, the various behaviors of employees, and the shifting regulatory settings. To foster sustainable regional development and make decisions based on accurate information, a comprehensive risk assessment is important. Conventional methodologies, on the other hand, often fail to reflect the multifaceted personality of issues about the labor market. In light of recent economic changes and the complexity of applicable policies, this paper recommends a fuzzy decision support system to enhance risk assessment (FDSS-ERA) that could enhance risk assessment in Southeast Asian labor markets. The model methodically assesses hazards, using a mixture of fuzzy logic sense and decision assistance, incorporating changes in employment trends and demographics. The results highlight fuzzy logic’s role in decision-making for effective risk management and policy interventions, showing improved risk comprehension. While educated policy choice making can lead to equitable development in Southeast Asia’s labor work marketplace, FDSS is a potential method. In conclusion, to overcome the many obstacles that stand in the way of chance assessment in the labor market in Southeast Asia, FDSS provides a powerful strategy. Because it offers more advanced analytical tools, this research assists decision-makers in the region in developing more effective guidelines, proactively reducing risks, and achieving projects that promote sustainable development.

Physical fitness assessment of a Venezuelan industrial direct labor force population

Introduction The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical fitness variables of Venezuelan workers, taking into account exercise batteries or submaximal tests that have been little used in the industrial environment.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological and field study was conducted in a Venezuelan population of industrial direct labor workers in bipedestation. The sample consisted of 185 workers (M: 136, W: 49) in the main industrial areas of the state of Aragua-Venezuela.Results: Results were obtained on the physical fitness of Venezuelan industrial direct labor workers presenting average results in both sexes. Calculations for obtaining HRmax and RAC in ml O2 min-1 kg-1 were taken into account.Conclusions: A population of industrial direct labor was observed, of low physical capacity with values associated with age (42.87 M-38.43W), physical wear and tear, poor physical fitness habits, poor dietary habits and decrease in muscle mass.

Causes of child labor and working conditions in Ethiopia: evidence from temporary inter-rural child labor migrants from Sekela district

Child labor migration is a critical issue that has received limited attention from academic and policy domains in many developing countries. This article analysis the causes of child labor migration and working conditions at the destination of temporary inter-rural child labor migration from Sekela district, Northwest Ethiopia. Mixed research methods is employed. Quantitative data is collected from randomly selected 204 respondents engaged in child labor migration. Focus group discussion, informal conversational interviews, and observation are also undertaken to gather qualitative data. Most child labor migrants participate in child labor migration due to localized economic constraints, which are reflected through a desire to have modern goods and cloth, food scarcity, and resource degradation. Also, the expansion of commercial farms at destination areas directly or indirectly due to the globalized market indicates that migrant children’s local labor cannot be delinked from material realities created by both national and international economic policy. The income from child labor migration supports children and their households’ livelihood, though it is at the expense of children’s education as well as exposure to worse working conditions at their destination in terms of exploitation, underpayment, malnutrition, breaching of an agreement by employers, and harassment. Hence, to exploit the benefits and minimize the risks, balanced measures should be taken at the origin and destination. Education programs should be supportive in increasing food productivity and assisting households to diversify their means of income by allowing them to participate in non-farm activities. It is also essential to the establishment of support groups in migrant destination places and the expansion of labor inspectorates who continuously supervise the safety of child labor migrants.

The Role of International Trade Agreements in Shaping Labor Standards and Worker Rights

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the role of International Trade Agreements in Shaping Labor Standards and Worker Rights Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that trade agreements have both positive and negative impacts on labor standards depending on the specific provisions, implementation strategies, and contextual factors. While some agreements contribute to the convergence of labor standards and promote improvements in areas such as workplace safety and environmental regulations, others may lead to downward pressure on labor standards due to intensified competition and weakened enforcement mechanisms. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Neo-liberal theory, dependency theory & institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the international trade agreements in shaping labor standards and worker rights. Enhance the capacity of international organizations and national governments to monitor and enforce labor standards effectively within the framework of trade agreements. This includes investing in robust inspection systems, implementing transparent reporting mechanisms, and providing adequate resources for enforcement agencies. Embed comprehensive social clauses in trade agreements that prioritize the protection of labor rights and promote decent work for all. These clauses should encompass core labor standards as defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO), along with provisions for non-discrimination, gender equality, and social protection.

Are Emotional Labor Strategies Good or Bad for Work Engagement Among Chinese Preschool Teachers? The Mediating Role of Teacher Efficacy and Grit

ABSTRACT Teacher work engagement is critical for work performance and child development, yet there is a limited understanding of how it is shaped from the perspective of teachers’ emotion. Based on the job demand-resource model, this study tested the relationship between emotional labor strategies, teacher efficacy, grit, and work engagement. Research Findings: Through structural equation modeling, self-reports of 647 Chinese preschool teachers revealed that (1) expression of naturally felt emotions showed both a direct and an indirect (via teacher efficacy and grit) positive relationship with work engagement; (2) deep acting was associated with work engagement via promoted teacher efficacy; (3) surface acting was associated with work engagement via weakened teacher efficacy. Neither deep acting nor surface acting was linked to engagement via teacher grit. Practice or Policy: The findings call for attention to teacher emotion which is particularly important for preschool teachers in Chinese society. Guidance is needed for teachers to aptly use felt emotions to achieve classroom goals and translate the regulating process into positive beliefs about themselves.

On some Aspects of the Work of the Faculty of Higher Education

The article is devoted to the issue of attracting teachers to carry out professional activities in higher educational institutions. Reform and optimization of higher education affects nature and conditions of employment of teachers of Russian universities. There is a decrease in the status and prestige of teaching. Legislative changes do not always contribute to increasing the prestige of the profession, as well as the desire of practitioners to transfer their experience to the younger generation in educational organizations. An important role in this is played by the requirements for persons applying for the positions of faculty of higher education. If you look at other problematic aspects of the legal regulation of the labor of education workers, taking into account the optimization of the labor process by the employer, then the status of a teacher of higher education does not become one of the goals of a future career for young professionals. It seems that a more thoughtful approach is needed to establish the requirements for the teaching staff of the university. To achieve the main task of vocational training, an effective system of replacing teaching positions should be established, taking into account the realities of our time.

‘The care crisis within’: gender division of labour and care work in middle-class families in Kerala during the pandemic

ABSTRACT This article highlights the facets of gender disparities in care work and emotional labour within dual earning households that have aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online qualitative survey and in-depth interviews carried out among 50 heterosexual, middle-class, and upper-middle-class working parents in Kerala, India, in the post-pandemic period, indicate that working mothers faced time poverty and additional work burden during the lockdown period, while they tussled between work from home and (care) works at home, as external support mechanisms were suspended during the pandemic. The findings illustrate that the disparities in division of labour are immense and are associated with more feminized labour such as cooking and childcare responsibilities, and that the spouses normalize such disparities. I further argue that the glorification and magnification of voluntary involvement of men in care work further problematize the dichotomy. I construe that the egalitarian gender perspectives expressed by the respondents are premised on the concept of gender equality as something to be achieved outside the family, and not within. Here, I illustrate how the working wives and mothers are compelled to over-compensate for ideas of femininity and motherliness associated with the figure of the housewife, through this imposed volunteering of care work.

“My Coping Doesn’t Really Matter:” How Military Lawyers Navigate Vicarious Trauma Through Emotional Labor and Emotion Work

Rampant sexual assault within the United States military contributes to an environment where military lawyers are exposed to vicarious trauma while handling sexual violence cases. Through in-depth interviews, we argue that military lawyers, trained to suppress emotions during military training, often negate their own trauma. Further, prosecutors are encouraged to take victim-centric approaches, that require emotional labor and minimizing their own emotional expressions. Therefore, they professionalize, minimize, and abstract the impact of vicarious trauma on their lives. Findings underscore how societal and professional expectations constrain the emotional expressions of military lawyers, highlighting the need to address mental well-being in the military.

The lifeworld of labor workers: preferences and institutional possibilities

The lifeworld of labor workers: preferences and institutional possibilities

AI Based Chatbot: A Case Study Afghanistan Healthcare Services Mental Health Disorder

Artificial intelligence increasingly integrates our daily lives with the creation and analysis of intelligent software and hardware, called intelligent agents. Intelligent agents can do a variety of tasks ranging from labor work to sophisticated operations. A Chatbot is a typical example of an artificial intelligence system. For developing artificial intelligence Chatbot, we have implemented encoder-decoder attention mechanism architecture memory cells, TFIDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) algorithm and LLM (Large Language Module). To conduct this research, mixed methods research could involve combining both qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic. Survey utilized as the main methods for collecting the primary data and reviewed the existing literature for collecting the secondary data in this research. The data was collected from 18 participants, including medical doctors, patients, lecturers and university students in Afghanistan. Additionally, secondary data was obtained through a review of literature from other countries that have faced similar situations. Moreover, the analysis reveals a widespread belief among respondents that the implementation of AI based Chatbot for Afghanistan healthcare service in mental health disorder will contribute to reduce illness in Afghanistan.

Racial capitalism and women’s horticultural labour in Senegal: neo-housewifisation and the micro-politics of paternalism

ABSTRACT The article addresses the social relations of labour in Senegal a decade after the land rush. Based on an intersectional feminist analysis of three firms, the study found that workers’ subjugation to patriarchal control in their households and workplace capitalists indicate the emergence of labour control associated with settler colonies of Africa. I argue that strategic alliances between patriarchy and racial capitalism influence the mobilisation and control of labour classes: i) through the subordination of women and younger male workers to farm management through the micropolitics of paternalism; and ii) through new spatial fixation forms of previously mobile footloose labour of women and junior workers staying close to their families for work such that they become a compliant and tied labour force. This occurs simultaneously with an urban exodus to the rural and peri-urban areas where the commercial horticultural farms are located. Class consciousness is stymied so resistance is circumscribed, taking limited, individualised forms.

Movement and binding control strategy based on a new type of rebar-binding robot

PurposeThe paper focuses on the issue of manual rebar-binding tasks in the construction industry, which are marked by high labor intensity, high costs and inefficient operations. The rebar-binding robots that are currently available are not fully mature. Most of them can only bind one or two nodes in one position, which leads to significant time wastage in movement. Based on a new type of rebar-binding robot, this paper aims to propose a new movement and binding control that reduces manpower and enhances efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe robot is combined with photoelectric sensors, travel switches and other sensors. It is supposed to move accurately and run in a limited area on the rebar mesh through logical judgment, speed control and position control. Machine vision is used by the robot to locate the rebar nodes and then adjusts the binding-gun position to ensure that multiple rebar nodes are bound sequentially.FindingsBy moving on the rebar mesh with accuracy, the robot meets the positioning accuracy requirements of the binding module, with experimental testing accuracy within 5 mm. Furthermore, its ability to bind four rebar nodes in one place results in a high efficiency and a binding effect that meets building standards.Originality/valueThe innovative design of the robot can adapt itself to the rebar mesh, move accurately to the target position and bind four nodes at that position, which reduces the number of movements on the mesh. Repetitive and heavy rebar-binding tasks can be efficiently completed by the robot, which saves human resources, reduces worker labor intensity and reduces construction overhead. It provides a more feasible and practical solution for using robots to bind rebar nodes.

The 1973 Migrant Workers’ Conference and Histories of Multiculturalism

Nowhere is the alliance between leftist organisations, trade unions, migrant workers’ clubs and ethnic welfare societies better represented than in the migrant workers’ conferences held in 1973 and 1975. This article argues for the historic importance of these overlooked moments in the history of twentieth-century labour migration. It explores the inter-ethnic and social justice aims of grassroots multiculturalism in Australia – a model that has been lost in subsequent official renderings of multiculturalism. What was the social and political position of non-Anglo migrant labourers and the migrant rights activists representing their interests? How did they engage with the labour movement and the Far Left? What political alliances formed around this question of migrant labour and migrant welfare for ethnic minority workers? And what were the outcomes of these conferences? This article will explore the improbable alliances and tensions that formed the migrant rights movement in the early 1970s; track its fracturing after the mid-1970s, when economic crises rendered its more ambitious redistributive aims unachievable; and examine how the ideological direction of state-endorsed multiculturalism diverted its inter-ethnic social justice agenda.

호스피스 사회복지사의 감정노동이 소진에 미치는 영향: 회복탄력성의 조절효과를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to verify whether there is a difference according to the level of resilience in the effect of emotional labor of hospice social workers on burnout. To this end, this study conducted a total survey of 160 hospice social workers from 107 hospice palliative care institutions nationwide and analyzed 115 people who participated in the response. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the moderating effect of resilience in the relationship between the effects of emotional labor on burnout. As a result of the study, it was found that the emotional labor of hospice social workers had an effect on burnout, and the sub-factors of resilience, such as self-regulation, interpersonal skills, and positivity, had a partial control effect in the effect of emotional labor on burnout. Based on the research results, program development and institutional improvement measures were suggested to prevent burnout due to differences in resilience of hospice social workers.