Value Of Labor Research Articles

Community comprehensive education: An effective way forward for everyone

This article outlines Labour ideals and values, and demonstrates the tensions between egalitarian and meritocratic imperatives for the reform agendas Labour governments pursued in office and the educational settlements reached. It challenges 'common sense' interpretations of elites and elite education and fixed 'ability' thinking, and promotes the key principle of human educability, helping to show the importance of historical memory for understanding how unfair educational separation entrenches inequality. In so doing, it seeks to advance an agenda for action to develop an alternative to the current institutional forms of schooling, one which would establish community comprehensive education for everybody .

Analysis and intervention of heatwave related economic loss: Comprehensive insights from supply, demand, and public expenditure into the relationship between the influencing factors

Increasing extreme temperatures are producing a serious impact on the economies of cities. However, the importance of social factors is typically neglected by the existing research. In this work, we first establish a supply-demand-public expenditure (SDP) framework for assessing and forecasting heat-related economic loss. Compared with the previous framework, SDP possesses a more comprehensive index system and functions that apply to all types of cities. We selected different economic development and geographical locations (Nanjing, Suzhou, and Yancheng) as case studies to verify the wide applicability of the SDP framework. A qualitative analysis and quantitative prediction of heatwaves and socioeconomic factors on losses were conducted for different cities. The results showed that different loss types displayed obvious regional heterogeneity among the cities. The labor value loss was the most significant type, and health loss was the most vulnerable type. In addition, public expenditure played a neglected critical regulatory role. Apart from these, the current level of public expenditure for heat prevention and control remains insufficient. Based on an assessment of the effects of interventions, policymakers need to make more efforts to increase the proportion of heat-related public spending and ensure stable socio-economic development by utilizing pathways with positive intervention potentials.

Footbinding and its cessation: An agent-based model adjudication of the labor market and evolutionary sciences hypotheses

An agent-based model was developed to represent demographic, marital, and economic data from the period of Chinese history during which footbinding was practiced. This general model of the Chinese social ecology is used to understand the maintenance and cessation of footbinding in the context of contested explanations from the social sciences. The Labor Market Hypothesis states that parents initiated and maintained the practice to exploit the handicraft labor of their daughters, and that footbinding ceased when cheap machined thread and cloth entered rural China. The Evolutionary Sciences Hypothesis states that footbinding assisted in achieving hypergamous marriages for daughters by raising their value on the marriage market, was maintained due to fitness concerns facing parents who feared daughters would be unmarriageable if not bound, and ceased because of influences of foreign norms. Factors including length of generations, monetary value of handicraft labor, adult sex ratio, rate of polygyny, age at marriage, inheritance and more inform this model. Since the rate of population growth and peak rate of footbinding at cessation are known, the model evaluates the two hypotheses in terms of their relative consistency with these two outcomes.

SMES survival and knowledge in emerging economies: evidence from Vietnam

This paper evaluates how knowledge affecting the survival of new private small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging economy like Vietnam. The panel data extracted from the national surveys allow for comprehensive analysis during the period 2005–2011 with the semi-parametric Cox proportional hazard model. The study examines knowledge factors under controlling firm-specific and industrial factors. The findings express strong evidence that Vietnamese SMEs benefit strongly from knowledge development. The findings suggest firms to foster labor productivity, value added, and computerization. There is evidence of market selection, based on efficiency of investment. Besides, firms should improve return on sales, especially in growing market. Start-up SMEs should prepare sufficient total assets, not basing on leverage to enter the market. Start-up in industries with high growth, especially at the early stages of the life cycle will require more government support. These findings provide the evidence for policy improvement to help SMEs in the development of knowledge economy.

여성어업인의 사회경제적 특성 변수를 이용한 실태 분석 : 노동시간 및 소득을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze the income and working hours of female fishermen. This is a basic study for estimating the labor value of female fishermen, and income and working hours are essential variables for estimating the labor value. Accordingly, a survey was conducted targeting female fishermen, and the number of respondents was 926. The contents of the survey are the number of hours sleeping per day, the number of rest days per year, housework hours, the number of fishing days, the number of fishing hours worked, the individual

Accumulation by dispossession and hazardscape production in post‐corporate gold mining in Itogon, Philippines

AbstractThis study investigates the experience of a gold mining community two decades after corporate mining activities ceased and were replaced by informal subcontract small‐scale mining in Itogon, Philippines. Drawing on David Harvey’s accumulation by dispossession and Daanish Mustafa’s hazardscape, we consider the lasting effects, from 1903, of dispossession upon the establishment of the first commercial mines in the Philippines as experienced by traditional miners in Itogon. Despite the closure of mining operations, mineral lands remain privately owned, resulting in the persistence of legal land dispossession among local small‐scale gold miners. Mining activities still continue as small‐scale miners are able to access abandoned mines through subcontract mining. Subcontract mining has changed the source of capital that funds mining activities from mining corporation to rent‐seeking small‐scale mining financiers, but the new economic relations still benefit from the capitalist logic of low natural resources and labour value. We argue that the production of hazardscapes is a consequence of accumulation by dispossession through (1) processes of expropriation of mineral lands and the consequent creation of free labour among local miners; (2) the externalisation environmental cost as an accumulation strategy that results in the production of socionatural hazards; and (3) exploitation of those who labour and who are made to work in precarious work environment while contributing to the production of hazardscapes.

The Value of Labor in the Context of Digital Transformation of Employment and the Labor Market: An Intergenerational Cross-Section

At all stages of the formation and development of society, human labor plays a special role — it is the main source of renewal of social relations, proportionally changing its social essence. Digitalization of the socio-economic space, which progressively occupies a place in the struc ture of life and life support of society, is also becoming a powerful catalyst for transformational processes in the field of employment and the labor market. The value system is also subject to modification, which is filled with new content.As the analysis of research shows, the modification of values is inherent in every turn of development — this means that in the corresponding period in history there is a different perception of values, with a new assessment of everything that is happening. Moreover, it is characteristic of each new generation, along with unshakable values, to form a different color of those of them that are easier to modify and in a new form do not abhor fundamental beliefs and rules.The values of work at the present stage acquire the features of expressing a certain social position, turns into the core of the attitude to life and social roles in the rigid protocols and new behavioral standards that are being formed in the digital society.The study indicates that the values of labor are transformed not only under the influence of the legislative and legal initiative of the state, but also due to the wide saturation of information content with forecasts, analytical calculations of experts, examples of existing projects implemented both in Russia and abroad, and other factors.At the same time, in the intergenerational context, the change in the system of labor values is characterized by varying degrees of influence and significance — for young people to a greater extent, for middle age, based on the importance of labor, achievements and perception of reality, for older people — the ubiquitous inviolability of previously formed labor values.

The Formation Mechanism, Realistic Dimension and Evaluation System of the Value of Automatic Machine System

The value of automatic machine system is the compound value of the organic unity of the practical value form and the theoretical value form of sublating the logical power of capital that human (labor) sublates to the capitalist production mode, and it is manifested as the historical dialectical development law of labor (value) -- capital (surplus value) -- labor (value). The value evaluation of automatic machine system mainly includes human learning value and thinking value. Marx's thought on the value of automatic machine system adheres to the distinct problem-oriented consciousness, which is based on the development of nature, society and human thinking system, and responds to the requirements of the new era of intelligent system. It should be a prospective research topic in the field of value philosophy.

Social Transformation and Differential Inclusion: A Study of the Mobility and Labour of Indigenous People in the Agricultural Fields of Oaxacalifornia

This paper investigates how, amid broader processes of neoliberal social transformation, changes in agricultural production systems and processes of borderisation have influenced the mobility of Indigenous people and their labour across the Mexico-US border. Drawing from primary and secondary research with Mixtecos in Oaxaca and their countrymen and women who have settled as migrants with an irregular status in California, the article traces how the value of Indigenous labour has been redefined along the neoliberal ideal of the worker-citizen in ways that (re)produce their differential inclusion. This study shows that the simultaneous abandonment of small-scale agriculture across Mexico, and the development of industrial agriculture in the Californias, cemented the devaluation of their labour as “unproductive” and “inefficient” in Oaxaca while it led to their essential incorporation as migrant workers in the industrial fields. Likewise, I show that parallel efforts to restrict the mobility and increase the deportability of economically needed, but otherwise unwelcome migrants in the US further subordinated their labour as “illegal” and “low-skilled” in California.

AKSARAY İLİNDE MESLEK EDİNDİRME KURSUNA DEVAM EDEN KADINLARDA DEPRESİF BELİRTİ GÖRÜLME SIKLIĞI VE ÇEŞİTLİ FAKTÖRLERLE İLİŞKİSİ

Kadınlarda depresif belirti görülme sıklığını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin planlanması ve sunulması açısından önemlidir. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmanın araştırma grubunu Aksaray ili meslek edindirme kursuna devam eden 585 kadın kursiyer oluşturmaktadır. Kursiyerlere 2017 yılı Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında sosyodemografik bilgileri ve ruhsal durumla ilgili sorular ile Genel Sağlık Anketi 12’lik formu ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde sayı, yüzde dağılımı, Ki kare testi, gerekli durumlarda ise Fisher kesin ki kare, Mantel Haenszel ki kare testi ve Yates düzeltmesi ve logistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Depresif belirti gösteren kadınların sıklığı %15,6’dır. Eşin öğrenim durumu, çocuk durumu, ailenin aylık gelir durumu, gelir düzeyi değerlendirmeleri, gelir-gider yeterliliği, antidepresan ilaç kullanımı, sigara kullanımı, maddi sıkıntı, çocuklar ile ilgili sorunlar ile ruhsal sağlık durumu ve depresyon belirti görülme durumu arasında anlamlı ilişki vardır. Kadınlarda depresif belirti görülme durumu aylık gelirini yeterli bulmayanlarda, antidepresan kullanmış veya kullananlarda, çocuklarıyla ilgili sorun yaşayanlarda daha fazla bulundu. Kadınlar arasında geçmişte ve çalışmanın yapıldığı esnada antidepresan ilaç kullananlar %23,9’dur. Yaşa göre ve ruhsal hastalık tanısı alma durumuna göre antidepresan ilaç kullanımı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı. Antidepresan ilaç kullananların %11,4’ ü ruhsal hastalık tanısı almamıştı. Kadınların gelir düzeylerinin arttırılması ve aile içi özellikle çocuklarla yaşanan sorunların düzeltilmesi konusu ile ilgili farkındalık çalışmaları yapılması, kadınların emeğinin değer görmesi ve sabit gelir elde etmeleri, sosyal güvenliklerinin sağlanması depresif belirtilerin önlenmesi açısından koruyucu olabilir. Ruh sağlığını korumak ve uygunsuz antidepresan kullanımının önlenmesi oluşabilecek hastalıkların topluma getirdiği yükü önlemede etkili olacaktır.

Index of the Value of Labor over Capital (LoCI)

Index of the Value of Labor over Capital (LoCI)

Research On The Value Logic And Practice Path Of Labor Education In Colleges And Universities In The New Era

The work of labor education in colleges and universities is the fundamental task of implementing teaching reform in colleges and universities, realizing moral education, and cultivating people. Colleges and universities are also crucial to growing the correct labor value. Also, it is the critical link that develops the labor education consciousness of college students in the new era and is the critical link to labor education. This paper discusses the value of labor education in colleges and universities and puts forward some suggestions for building a complete labor education system.

Identify Problems and Suggest Possible Solutions for Safe Pineapple Production in Madhupur Tract

The aim of this study was to ascertain the current problems faced by pineapple growers and suggest possible solutions. A total of 300 pineapple growers of the Madhupur tract were selected as samples following the proportionate random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule. Findings indicate that majority of the respondents were middle and young aged (71.4%), and having medium family size (61.9%). The highest proportion (42.9%) of the respondents were illiterate, had high annual income (48.6%), medium farming experience (53.3%), contact with fertilizer dealer (68.67%), medium to small farm size (88.6%), also having medium to small pineapple farm size (89.5%), and majorities production cost and net return was also low which is (42.6%) and (40.0%) respectively. Major constraints reported by pineapple growers were ineffective extension services, high value or unavailability of agrochemicals, infestation of Bengal Monitors in mature fruit, high value or unavailability of labor and so on. Effective extension services, establishment of farmers' association with processing company, making pineapple processing factory, provide training in processing to local small entrepreneurs were some of the major suggestions by the pineapple growers. Multiple regression analysis result indicated that respondents’ education, farm size, pineapple farm size and total income were the contributing factors that influenced their problem facing. These findings will be helpful to the policy maker for developing a sustainable framework and relevant guidelines for increasing pineapple production in Bangladesh.

PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA (STUDI KASUS USAHA KERAJINAN BAMBU DI DESA BARAE KECAMATAN MARIORIWAWO KABUPATEN SOPPENG)

women as one of the human resources in the labor market, especially in Indonesia, have a large contribution,in the sense that the number of women who offer themselves to work is quite large. Women in Barae Villageparticipate especially in fulfilling the economic functions of their families and households. The participationof women workers is closely related to family background, given that the function of the family in decisionmaking is very decisive. It’s just that the value of female labor is sometimes still low, while women also havehousehold obligations that cannot be ignored. This study aims to determine the role of women in bamboomanagement and the contribution of women to family income in Barae Village, Marioriwawo district,soppeng Regency. The study was conducted in Barae Village, Marioriwawo district, soppeng Regencyfrom March to april 2022. The population in the study were women who worked in the bamboo managementindustry and a sample of 36 people. data collection methods are observation and interviews. The dataanalysis used is descriptive and contribution analysis. The results showed that the role of women in bamboo management, from the production process to the marketing of the produce, was carried out by women. Theproducts produced are winnows, rice baskets, and parcel baskets. The contribution of women’s income tofamily income is 24.52%. The total average income obtained based on the results of the analysis is Rp.2,083,889,- per month. for respondents’ income from the sale of woven bamboo products - an average of495,000, - per month.

Влияние родительской семьи на формирование трудовых ценностей студенческой молодежи

Labor values play a significant role in people’s lives, influencing the perception and evaluation ideas about various aspects of labor activity and shaping labor behavior. In the context of social transformations, the issue of the role of social institutions in the formation of the value consciousness of the younger generation, including in the field of work, is of particular relevance. The influence of the parent family is one of the most important factors influencing this process. The article presents the results of the author’s sociological study of the role of the family in the formation of labor values among students. The results of the survey indicated similarities and differences in the value orientations of students and their parents in the field of work. An increase in the degree of family influence on the choice of profession by young people has been established. For both students and their parents, the content aspect turned out to be a priority in the work. For the older generation, the social component of work is more important in comparison with children. For young people, the opportunities for personal self-realization and the material side of work are more significant than for their parents.

Массовизация и профессионализация университетов в середине XX века: социально-культурные последствия

The article analyzes the socio-cultural consequences of massovization and professionalization universities processes launched in the middle of the 20th century under the influence of the idea of profitability of education. It is giving some rationales for understanding why these processes disadvantages have become the decline in the value and prestige of intellectual labour (including a scientific one), which was shifted to the shoulders of ordinary people, whereas previously, intellectual labour and creativity were mainly the duties of wealthy people and, in general, social elites. It is concluded that as a result of the massification and professionalization of universities, a trend has been formed for the commercialization of higher education, which destroys the traditional models of university education.

Accelerating the Improvement of Human Well-Being in China through Economic Growth and Policy Adjustment.

Human well-being in many countries lags behind the gross domestic product (GDP) due to the rapid changes in the socio-economic environment that have occurred for decades. However, the mechanisms behind this complex phenomenon are still unclear. This study revealed the changes in human well-being in China from 1995 to 2017 by revising the genuine progress indicator (GPI) at the national level and further quantified the contribution of interfering factors that have driven the increase in the GPI. The results indicated that: (1) The per capita GPI of China showed an increasing trend with an annual growth rate of 12.43%. The changes in the GPI followed the same pattern as economic development, rather than presenting the phenomenon of economic growth combined with a decline in welfare that has been recorded in some countries and regions. (2) The increase in human well-being was mainly driven by economic growth, but it was most sensitive to social factors. (3) Increasing income inequality and the cost of lost leisure time contributed obvious negative impacts (24.69% and 23.35%, respectively) to the per capita GPI. However, the increase in personal consumption expenditures, the value of domestic labor, ecosystem service value, and net capital growth accelerated the rise in the GPI, with positive contribution rates of 30.69%, 23%, 20.54%, and 20.02%, respectively. (4) The continuous increase in economic investment and the strengthening of social management due to policy adjustments completely counteracted the negative impacts on human well-being, thus leading to a great increase in the per capita GPI. Such insights could provide theoretical support for decision making and policy implementation to improve global human well-being.

The impact of multimedia journalism on ageism in television news: Commodification and the anxiety of ageing in the newsroom

Television news corporations changed their work roles from a tradition of team production to a ‘one-man-band’ method of production. Many veteran reporters are hesitant to accept the new methodology. This study intended to examine how television news reporters adjusted to more work demands and new technologies. A questionnaire was combined with participant observation for analysis. The participants included 289 television journalists, selected from local affiliates throughout the United States. The results indicate that there is preference for younger workers and burnout occurring to all age groups. This study explores the commodification of the profession in terms of labour value.

Measurement and Analysis of Contribution Rate for China Rice Input Factors via a Varying-Coefficient Production Function Model

To explore the internal driving force of the growth of rice yield per unit area in China, a model based on varying-coefficient production function is proposed in this study, which comes from the idea that the constant elasticity parameters in the Cobb-Douglas production function can be extended to functional forms. Applying such model to economic growth analysis, on the one hand, the dynamic contribution rate of each input factor can be measured, and, on the other hand, the contribution rate of the input factor can be decomposed into net factor contribution rate and interaction factor contribution rate, thus expanding the explanatory ability of growth rate equation. Using such model, the output elasticity of capital and labor in China’s rice yield growth are calculated from 1978 to 2020, and the dynamic characteristics of the contribution rate of capital, labor and generalized technological progress are analyzed. Next, the capital contribution rate is decomposed according to the composition of the total capital. The results show that: (1) The capital elasticity and labor elasticity are indeed not constant in different years. In China, from 1978 to 2020 the value of capital elasticity was between 0.3209 to 0.3589, with a mean of 0.3437, and the value of labor elasticity was between −0.1759 to −0.1640, with a mean of −0.1730. (2) Natural disasters do affect capital elasticity and labor elasticity in rice production. (3) When the annual proportion of crop disasters increases, the contribution rate of interaction between capital and natural disaster (KDR) value is negative, whereas the contribution rate of interaction between labor and natural disaster (LDR) value is positive. (4) Compared with 1978, the generalized technological progress contribution rate (GTPR) of the rice yield growth in China from 1979 to 2020 shows a declining trend in fluctuations, whereas the total capital contribution rate (TKR) shows a rising trend in fluctuations and the total labor contribution rate (TLR) is relatively stable in the same period. Since 2000, capital investment has become the main factor for the rice yield growth per unit area in China, of which machinery, chemical fertilizer, seed and pesticide are the four most important input factors.

Examining the Effects of Cognitive Assistive Agents on Team Coordination in Manufacturing Teams

This article details the motivation and design of an experiment to investigate the effects of artificially intelligent cognitive assistive agents on coordination efforts in manufacturing teams. As automation solutions become more accessible and products rapidly grow in complexity, there are significant calls to leverage abilities of both artificial agents and human workers to maximize team functioning and product output. As such, we propose an experimental design where we introduce a cognitive agent with two levels of autonomy (low, and high) into a team of participants during an assembly task. We hypothesized that cognitive assistive technologies would enhance coordination within assembly teams, leading to higher productivity and reduced errors, with initial data suggesting trends in support of these hypotheses. We seek to demonstrate the value of cognitive agents in augmenting human workers, allowing manufacturers to see the benefit of increased productivity while retaining value and relevance of human labor in the face of technological development.