Labor-intensive Service Industries Research Articles

The perfect storm of personal consumption

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the governments of almost all countries to introduce lockdowns in 2020, which sharply reduced the supply in a number of large service sectors: transport, recreation, catering, tourism. The recession began without a crisis, and the unique supply of cheap money and fiscal incentives prevented the development of a “liquidity crunch”. On the contrary, it led to an increase in stock prices, real estate prices, and a reduction in bankruptcies. There was no drop in the value of pension and investment funds. The working population has faced a reduction in employment in labor-intensive service industries, a violation of traditional lifestyle models. The course of the recession in these conditions has changed the structure of personal consumption in developed countries, with its severe adaptation in medium-developed and less developed countries. The pandemic and the recession have caused an uneven compression of activity and consumption across social strata that leads to an increase in social disparities on exiting the recession. The drivers of the demand-side recovery in developed countries are the growth of investments in housing and durable goods, and developing countries are gradually restoring normal consumption of non-durable goods and exports.

밀레니얼 세대의 이직경험에 관한 현상학적 연구 : 제주지역 카지노 종사원을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to understand the turnover experiences of millennials who worked at casinos in Jeju. The study applied a phenomenological research method to examine the meanings of the employees‘ turnover experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with open questions so that respondents could freely express their thoughts. As a result, four components and 14 sub-components were derived. The components were identified as "How I decided to quit the job", "Why I hesitated to quit the job", "Preparation and learning for quitting the job", and "Life after quit the job". Millennial employees had many reasons for deciding to quit jobs: their desire for self-growth was reflected, and they had practical problems in the decision-making process. Therefore, in the context of the labor-intensive service industry, casino companies need to actively improve human resource management in terms of internal marketing in consideration of high turnover.

Immigrant occupational mobility in Russia

The occupational mobility of migrants is one of the key characteristics of their economic integration. The article analyzes the occupational mobility of immigrants from their countries of origin to Russia and its main determinants. Mobility of migrants from the last job at home to the first job in Russia and from the first job to the current job in Russia is considered. The empirical basis is the data of a representative survey of migrants (more than 8500 citizens of the CIS countries and Georgia. The evidence shows that immigrant occupational mobility is characterized by a combination of large-scale intense initial downgrading when migrants enter the Russian labor market and a limited occupational progress during their stay in Russia. Higher education and Russian proficiency reduce the risks of downward mobility during the transition from the last job in the home country to the first job in Russia, but their influence on the economic integration of migrants is very limited. A significant factor is the structure of the regional market: the larger the proportion of people employed in labor-intensive service industries, the higher the likelihood of immigrant occupational downgrading. The evidence for Russia is more in line with the proposal of segmented assimilation theory, which suggests that immigrants experience has limited or blocked occupational mobility.

숙박기업의 종사원급여가 기업성과에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of the average wage per employee on business performance of lodging companies. Human resource is one of the most important core competencies of the companies, and human resource management of lodging companies, which is a labor intensive service industry, will be more important. This paper focuses on wage, which is a representative item related to human resource. Analysis of 2,515 firm-year from 2000 to 2017 showed that the relationship between the average wage per employee and business performance appeared to be positive. All analyses, such as correlation, univariate, and regression reported consistent results. It appears that high wage served as a motivation for employees of low-paying lodging companies, and therefore, performance has improved. Despite the importance of the study of employees, which constitutes a large part of the companies, only a fragmentary study of a particular hotel company has been made while little research on the entire lodging business has been conducted due to the limitations of data collection. This study is meaningful in that it has verified the relationship between the average wage per employee on business performance for the externally audited lodging companies. Lodging companies will need to make efforts to improve their performance through appropriate compensation to their employees.

An Analysis on Cultural Operation & Management for Catering

The overall competence of the employed in the catering industry, whether in terms of service concept, knowledge or professional skills, lacks behind the development of the industry. Since the competition remains to be the theme of the market economy, how to establish an unassailable position in the growing market economy which values survival of the fittest is what has been long studied and discussed among catering enterprises. Although catering business belongs to traditional labor-intensive service industry, it is against the backdrop of "demographic dividend" being turned into "talents dividend" that the cultivation of catering talents becomes of great importance. Besides, the trend of branding will be even more intensifying and innovation will certainly serve as a significant approach to the improvement of competitiveness among catering enterprises. As public catering becomes a main current in today’s catering business — an accurate market positioning and food dishes get to be more exquisite and diversified with health elements taken into top priority, brand power stands to be the recipe for winning the competition. Moreover, the strategy of enterprises development through culture is an irreversible trend in modern catering operation and management. Furthermore, the education and artistic cultivation serve as core competence of modern catering enterprises and the employed.

Research on the Risk of Human Resource Management Outsourcing for First-class Hotel --- A Case of InterContinental Shenzhen

Hotel is a labor-intensive service industry, whose core competitiveness lies in the human resource. To establish cooperative relationship by entrusted agency model way is an inevitable choice which can reduce the workload and obtain more information and professional service. Nowadays, the internal and external environment is changing dramatically and the outsourcing market and related regulations are inadequate. The enterprises need to identify and control multiple risks during outsourcing process, and try to avoid threatening uncertainty for business development. In this study, firstly, literature review summarized the risks in the whole outsourcing process. Then the paper studied the case of InterContinental Shenzhen, analyzed current situation situations and problems of First-class Hotel's human resource management outsourcing, evaluated the risk factors by probability and impact comprehensively, rating the final data by risk matrix. Finally, this paper proposed the management strategies against the relatively serious risk factors. It aims to improve the consciousness of outsourcing risks by research and analysis, to provide valuable references for managers to identify the key risk and re-assign resources, to create sustainable competitive and to innovate and improve the mode of human resource management.

A comprehensive review of evolution of human resources for health in public health services in India

Health workers are the most valuable assets of the health system as it is a labor-intensive service industry. There is, however, a continuing shortage of health personnel in the public health services in India which could undermine the country's efforts to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals. Health Policy and Planning has been shaped by the recommendations of various expert committees set up by the Government from time to time. These committees recognized the importance of human resources in health (HRH) and made important recommendations. This paper attempts to comprehensively review the evolution of policies and strategies for the development of HRH in India.

The contours of stratification in service-oriented economies

Theorists argue that service economies have relatively high inequality because dichotomies have developed between manufacturing and service industries, and between knowledge-intensive and labor-intensive service industries. Researchers, however, have not adequately tested hypotheses arising from this theory. We overcome this weakness by examining, hierarchically, the effects of service industry employment and the size of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (FIRE) industries on individuals’ income in metropolitan statistical areas. Using the 2002 Current Population Survey, we find that dichotomies exist among industries in the service economy that help generate high incomes among upper-echelon occupations, particularly in the knowledge-intensive services and manufacturing industries. These incomes, however, are not available to laborers and service workers. Furthermore, we find that FIRE industry size impacts the wages of managers and service workers in more complicated ways than previously theorized. These findings help clarify the contours of stratification in the contemporary service-oriented economy.

China's Labor Market Performance and Challenges

A more market-oriented labor market has emerged in China in the past twenty years with growing importance of the urban private sector, as state-owned enterprises have downsized. Despite the progress on reforms, a sizable surplus of labor still exists in the rural sector and state-owned enterprises. The main challenge facing China’s labor market in coming years is to absorb the surplus labor into quality jobs while adjusting to World Trade Organization (WTO) accession. This paper estimates that if annual GDP growth averages 7 percent and the employment elasticity is one-half, urban unemployment could double to about 10 percent over the next three to four years. These pressures would be limited by stronger economic growth, especially in the private sector and more labor-intensive service industries which have generated the most jobs in recent years. Therefore, policy should focus on encouraging private sector development while reducing barriers to labor mobility, improving worker skills, upgrading job search services, and strengthening the social safety net.

Japan: The fifth generation: A quantum jump in friendliness

Japan's reputation for productivity and efficiency notwithstanding, the country is now suffering a severe productivity bottleneck in its service industries. Production costs and consumer prices in the labor-intensive service industries continue to rise sharply, even though the same costs and prices have risen only modestly in automobile manufacturing or have even decreased in electronics. An example of the effect of this imbalance in productivity between the service industries and the manufacturing industries is the price of a dinner in a good Tokyo restaurant, which can easily cost as much as four electronic calculators.

Economies of Scale and Division of Labor in Commercial Banking

While the classic statement by Adam Smith regarding the division of labor as a source of scale economies was made almost 200 years ago,' there have been few attempts to test this hypothesis empirically. That is, most studies of scale economies either stop after estimating the relevant parameters of the production function or concentrate on the indivisibility of capital equipment as an explanation of scale economies. To test Smith's hypothesis, one would have to have an industry in which economies of scale are present and the output of the firm is exogenously determined by the local market. That is, Smith's original limitation of the ability to subdivide tasks was the of the and we can assume that this is given, or exogenous, to the firm in his analysis. In this article, we will show that commercial banking, a labor intensive service industry, is a case in which economies of scale are present, output is determined by the extent of the local market, and division of labor occurs. First, we will describe the results of tests for economies of