Kyiv Residents Research Articles

The green infrastructure within the framework of a compact city concept (by example of Kyiv)


 
 
 The goal of the study is to determine the actual areas and the geographical distri- bution of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Kyiv; compile and analyse the ratings of the city administrative districts by key UGS indicators and substantiate the level of comfortable living in each district according to the concept of a green compact city. The goal stems from the announcement of an official strategy of transforming Kyiv into a comfortable compact city with an attractive green infrastructure. To achieve this goal, we have calculated a number of major indicators of the modern green infrastructure of Kyiv in all ten city districts. According to the method we developed, we analysed the drawings of the urban development master plan and regulatory documents, and conducted a field survey of significant UGS sites in Kyiv. The data obtained were used to make a UGS map of Kyiv and other thematic maps. For the most accurate calculation of key UGS indicators, we processed several thousand contours in Kyiv’s cartographic base. The sizes of Urban Protected Areas (UPA) were found separately, and their share in the total city territory and of each district (Conservation Coefficients) was determined. In so doing, UPA distribution was found to be very irregular, with a total area of 174.9 km2, or about 21.2% of that of Ukraine’s capital. We analysed the ratio of the city population and the areas of green spaces in each Kyiv district. To identify districts with a different UGS coverage, we calculated the Greenness Coefficients (GC) and compiled a rating of Kyiv districts by their level of greenness, using the Greenness Coefficients Index. Significant GC variations in different city districts were substantiated. In contrast to previous studies, we calculated the provision of Kyiv residents with green zones of not merely common usage, but also with those of all other kinds, including UPA. We also calculated the Green space provision per person and compiled ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green Space Provision Index. The results were presented on a relevant map. Based on calculating the share of protected areas in the total UGS area, we found the ratings of Kyiv districts by the Green space legally protected Index. Wherein, we found significant variations among the districts by the ratio of protected areas and green spaces deprived of any legal protection. This increases their vulnerability to projected development attempts. We calculated the Integral Green Space Index (GSI) based on processing all significant UGS indicators of Kyiv. GSI allows for an integral assessment of the condition of the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) in Kyiv, and it is the key criterion of its compliance with modern requirements to an ideal compact city. Holosiivskyi District received the highest GSI rating. It is uniformly replete with UGS, which are provided for quality recreation and, at the same time, are protected by environmental legislation. Solomianskyi District received the lowest rating, and almost all the elements of its existing UGI require a cardinal optimisation. As a whole, the indicators we calculated can create an illusion of adequate provision of Kyiv with UGS. Actually, they are distributed very irregularly in the majority of districts. The results of our study are indicative of the presence of many challenging locations that require an extension of existing UGS and the development of new ones pursuant to the principles of compact city planning. Since UGI planning depends on the implementation of the Urban Development Master Plan, it makes sense to include the Green Space Index to the key indicators of the Kyiv Development Strategy. The draft new City General Plan should also be refined with account of the above-mentioned problems.
 
 

“FOOD EXPEDITIONS” AND “AVOSKA”: CONSUMER PASSIONS OF “HOMO SOVIETICUS” IN THE MODERN PROSE

Contemporary Ukrainian prose has been actively appealing to the memory of the Soviet past recently. Especially interesting is the literary reconstruction of everyday life that creates a background for demonstrating a specific type of ‘homo sovieticus’. A discussion on this large-scale and promising process has already started within literary studies. The paper deals with O. Ilchenko’s “Fog Pickers” and S. Baturyn’s “Shyzgara”, which represent the everyday life of Kyiv in the Soviet era. The focus is on the literary treatment of consumerism as a feature of a unified model representing the Soviet man. The researcher explains the ideas of debunking the myths about happy life in the USSR, analyzes the ways of creating the panoramic view of everyday life, traces the consistency of the authors’ interpretations that shows how accurately the experiences are depicted. The gastronomic routes of Kyiv residents, the methods of obtaining the foodstuffs, the social relationships established during purchases presented in the literary works are worth special attention. The writers are definitely critical regarding everyday living conditions in the recent past. They put characteristic features of the Soviet everyday life at the center of events, namely the lines in the stores of all kinds and their primitive range of products. Some Soviet euphemisms related to the food theme have been explained in the paper as well. The researcher comes to the conclusion that reconstruction of the everyday life of a Soviet man in the works by O. Ilchenko and S. Baturyn reveals the despicable nature and danger of the totalitarian system, shows the groundlessness of the nostalgic gasps for the Soviet Union. The literary representation of life in the USSR prompts one to reflect on the true values and uphold human dignity in a free state.

RECONSTRUCTION, VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS DATED 1986 THAT WERE INPUTTED TO ELECTRONIC DATABASE IN 2019-2021.

In 2013-2015 during a revision of databases (DB) of WBC measurements results dated1986-2014, it was discovered a great amount of paper carriers with information about WBC measurements, includ-ing the ones dated 1986, that were not inputted to the electronic DB. The paper carriers were systematized andordered by the following indicators: place of residence of a person and place of WBC measurement, institution andoperator that made the measurement, measurement device and date of measurement. For a comfortable inputtingof the information to the electronic DB, it was additionally created a form which exists as an option in existing program complex Silbody (Version 19.0.9). In the revised DB of WBC measurements dated 1986 internal exposure dosesfrom radio-cesium of Chornobyl origin were computed based on an ecological and dosimetric model for radio-cesiummigration in environment and a model for radio-cesium metabolism in human body. In the work, mathematical andstatistical methods of research were used. In 2019-2021 additionally 35,319 notes were inputted to the electronic DB of WBC measurement dated1986, and as a result its volume increased in 2.2 times. Mostly those are data on results concerning residents of Kyiv,Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Cherkasy, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne Oblasts. It was established the information onmeasurement devices and respectively on the minimal detected activity (MDA) for 27,119 notes (76.7 % of all newentered). Information is reconstructed about the body mass of all persons under investigation. Evaluation is madefor values of intake of incorporated radionuclides 137Cs and 134Cs for all new entered to DB. Quality of reconstructedinformation was analyzed. To group 1, «qualitative», it was classified 18,598 notes (53 % of all new entered), measurements in 1986 (including new entered). Dose not exceeding 1 mSv was obtained by 80 % of adults (older than20), as well as 73 % of persons younger than 20. To DB of WBC measurements, it was additionally inputted 35,319 notes on results of measurementsdated 1986. New entered information is verified and distributed by the quality groups. Individual exposure dosesevaluated based on those data can be used for further scientific research.

BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT. PART III / FEATURES MORPHOMETRIC RETINAL PARAMETERS, AMPLITUDE AND LATENCY COMPONENTS OF VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL IN RADIATION EXPOSED IN UTERO.

to evaluate the retinal morphometric parameters, amplitude and latency components of the evoked visual potentials in intrauterine irradiated persons. The results of surveys of 16 people irradiated in utero in the aftermath of the Chornobyl disaster were used; the comparison group were residents of Kyiv of the corresponding age (25 people). Optical coherence tomography was performed on a Cirrus HD-OCT, Macular Cube 512x128 study technique was used. At the same time, the study of visual evoked potentials on the inverted pattern was performed, and occipital leads wereanalyzed. Visual evoked potentials were recorded on a reversible chess pattern (VEP) - an electrophysiological test, which is a visual response to a sharp change in image contrast when presenting a reversible image of a chessboard. In those irradiated in utero at the age of 22-25 years, there was a probable increase in retinal thickness in the fovea, there was a tendency to increase the thickness of the retina in the areas around the fovea. When recording visual evoked potentials on a reversible chess pattern in this group, there was a tendency to decrease the amplitudes of components (N75, P100, N145, P200) in the right and left parieto-occipital areas and asymmetric changes in latency of these components. Early changes of fovea recorded in OCT and decreasing amplitudes of components of visual evoked potentials on the reversible chess pattern at the age of 22 25 years may indicate a risk of development in patients irradiated in utero, early age-related macular degeneration, as well as increased risk and increased risk structures of the visual analyzer.

Культурне життя та дозвілля киян доби Центральної Ради за матеріалами газет «Нова Рада» та «Киевлянин»

The article is devoted to the source study analysis of information resources of the daily Kyiv newspapers “Nova Rada” and “Kievlyanin” about the cultural life and leisure of Kiyvans at the times of the Central Rada. The possibility of reconstruction of the cultural environment of the city and the organization of leisure of its inhabitants with the help of materials of the periodical press is proved. The daily Kyiv periodicals “Nova Rada” and “Kievlyanin”, being different in terms of materials, methods of presenting information, style of writing and ideological orientation, covered different issues of Kyiv life in different ways, recreating a holistic picture of the everyday urban environment of that period. The most popular ways of the rest of Kyiv residents are determined and the specifics of functioning of entertainment establishments and cultural institutions are considered on the basis of advertisements on the pages of press. The study of newspaper periodicals is conducted using the methods of source studies. Attention is focused on the fact that newspapers not only informed the population of the city, but also acted as a means of influencing the formation of people’s tastes and needs.

The prevalence of posture pathology in school-aged children (results of a population-based study with the use of the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture”)

Pathology of posture in children remains currently unresolved problem. According to foreign studies in the general population, the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents with an angle above 10º according to Cobb accounts for 0.93 % to 12.00 %. In Ukraine, the prevalence of posture pathology is not known.The purpose of the work – to study the prevalence of posture pathology among school-aged children.Material and methods. 1922 schoolchildren of 6–17 years, residents of Kyiv (Ukraine), were examined with the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture” between 2017 and early 2019.Results. Deviation of the spinal column from the midline in the frontal, sagittal plane (functional and organic disorders of posture) was observed in 75.3 % of children. Among them, signs of scoliotic spinal deformity were found in 72.5 % of children, in girls – 1.5 times more often. The angle of maximum deflection of the scoliotic arch from the median line was ≥5º in 13.7 % of children with scoliosis and in 9.9 % of all the examined children.Conclusions. Sensitivity (95 %) and specificity (85 %) of the computerized photo-geometric program “Posture” were determined, which points to the necessity to be applied in health care maintaining practice. The pathology of posture in schoolchildren of the city of Kyiv was determined in 75.3 %, among them the signs of scoliotic spinal deformity were noted in 72.5 %. The scoliosis incidence with a deflection angle of spinal deformity ≥5º was 9.9 %. It attests to the fact that it is necessary to develop medical and social programs for the prevention and treatment of posture pathology in children.

Вибори до Київської міської думи 1906 року: за матеріалами періодичних видань

The article is devoted to the elections to the Kyiv City Council in 1906, which unfolded on the backdrop of revolutionary events and were characterized by a fierce struggle between two political projects — the “New Duma” and “Old Duma” parties. Particular attention is paid to the main stages of elections’ conduct and violation of electoral law by the race participants. On the background of the revolutionary events, the citizens formed a request for “new faces” and fundamental changes in management methods. The expression of dreams of the residents of Kyiv was the “New Duma Party”, which positioned itself as a team of executives who understand the needs of the city. During the elections, significant violations of the current legislation were registered that did not allow to form the fully the all members of the Kyiv City Council. In the course of the research, it is found that the most informative materials, in terms of Kyiv City Council elections, were the materials of the newspapers “Gromadska Dumka” and “Kievlianin”. These periodicals, while supporting the ideologically opposed political forces, covered the race in detail. Newspapers’ editorial staff paid particular attention to sensational materials related to electoral law violations, which were of most interest to readers. If the “Gromadska Dumka” tried to cover the race objectively, “Kievlianin” published not only facts, but also insults and campaign materials, retranslating the ideologues of Russian nationalists.

Refugees in Kyiv during World War I: identity, experience, personal stories (based on Kyiv refugee census of 1916)

The article is dedicated to an under-researched problem of refugees settled in Kyiv after a mass displacement of population from the western provinces of the Russian Empire in 1915. To clarify this issue the author analyzes a refugee census conducted by Kyiv branch of the Committee of her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna in February, 1916. Housed in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv, these under-researched materials are highly important for the refugee studies during the Great War . The article aims to examine thoroughly a theoretical framework and challenges in studying the history of refugee in the Russian Empire, as well as refugees registration activity of the Kyiv branch of Tatyana Committee. The survey of the census registration forms reveals an individual aspect of a refugee, namely identity, reasons for displacement, employment experience and survival in Kyiv. The study finds that the history of refugee from below is still not written, yet it could be done using the census materials; moreover, the census registration forms can provide an answer to a question what happened to refugees in Kyiv. Formed during the interviewing of the refugees in 1916, the census cards thus are almost the only source that con- tains personal stories and experiences of refugees, although it was made through the mediation of the Committee. Among all the notes in these forms, the article deals with those aspects that allow to answer the question about self-identification, circumstances of displacement, employment (taking into account the gen- der aspect), personal perception of a new status. Due to the analysis we can better understand the everyday life of Kyiv residents in a wartime, since living conditions of refugees reflected the realities of life of Kyivities, according to their social status. Article received 10.03.2019

СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ МІСТ КИЄВА ТА ЧЕРНІГОВА)

The research considers theoretical principles of ecological behaviour of the population. The main factors influencing the ecological behavior of a person are described. In this topic, factors of environmental behavior were divided into groups: external (arising from environmental conditions) and internal (physical and mental characteristics of the person). External factors include social, cultural, economic, legal and other components. They influence other components (economic factors interact not only in their own circle, but also affect the social, cultural and environmental environment). Internal factors of environmental behaviour depend on the characteristics of human nature, motivational settings, values and mental properties of the individual in relation to the environment. Motivation is one of the reasons for behaviour or a strong internal stimulus. It has been established that certain factors have an impact on several social groups (ecological taxation, the actual installation of containers for the sorting of garbage), while others – only on individuals (description in the works of the literature of the nature of the native land). An analysis of the sociological survey among residents of Kyiv and Chernihiv regarding the ideas about sustainable development and the acuteness of environmental problems was conducted. An analysis of the environmental problems of the city of Chernihiv revealed that the organization of waste management and the necessity of building a waste recycling plant are the most acute problems of the city’s residents. Residents of the capital are more concerned about the quality of drinking water. Another major concern is the issue of waste management and management. The third position relates to air pollution. The study allowed for information on the public awareness of the main provisions of the Rio Conventions, the place of environmental values in the hierarchy of social values of citizens, the availability of knowledge about environmental problems, understanding of the state of the environment from sustainable development of society, the use of eco-friendly measures in everyday life. The degree of readiness and attraction of the population to the main types of ecological behaviour is analyzed. Correlation between the level of education and the measures that respondents are prepared to do and are already doing to improve the environmental situation of their city are observed. Mechanisms of stimulation of ecological behaviour of the population are considered. It is determined that the economic mechanism covers two groups of regulators of the environmental behavior of the population. The first of them makes it difficult to limit the ecological and destructive activity of pollutants in the environment. The second – encourages business entities to improve the state of the environment by activating the environmental activities of producers of goods and services. It has been established that the economic mechanism that exists in Ukraine is more oriented to regulating environmental behaviour that limits environmental degradation activities. This mechanism does not stimulate the spread of environmentally sound technologies, limits the introduction of environmentally-oriented innovations in production and does not encourage environmental activities. The importance of environmental education and ecological education as an important mechanism of ecological behaviour of the population is emphasized.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЗМІСТ ПОКЛАДАННЯ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПРОВИН У СУЧАСНОМУ УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ

Political blaming is considered as a means of active public-political self-determination of a person or a group and as a means of psychological protection from experiencing of own feeling of guilt. According to the survey of 120 Kyiv residents, there is the high level of respondents’ dissatisfaction concerning the direction and results of Ukrainian society development and the high readiness to assess negatively authorities and political institutions. The factor structure of corresponding attitudes includes «total accusation of the powers» (previous and current Ukrainian authorities), «blaming of Russian and pro-Russian actors (Russia, Putin, agents of Russian influence in Ukraine)», «blaming of international actors (the USA, Europe, NATO)», «assessment of radical political sentiments» (Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine and residents of the Western Ukraine). Clarification of the specific content of a political blame has shown the dominance of several stereotypical characteristics: corruption, anti-Ukrainian activity, helplessness or inaction, and deceit. Respondents who are more optimistic about the direction of society development are accuse more often the Communists and pro-Russian forces, while pessimists do the previous and present Ukrainian authorities. Gender-age differences have been manifested in the fact that the older generation blames more actively and show more ethnocentric attitudes, and women show a higher inclination to blame in comparison with men. Increased readiness for political blaming reflects the state of intense dissatisfaction of citizens with the results of social development, the responsibility for which they place primarily on the Ukrainian authorities and Russian aggressors. Searches for grounds for accusations in citizens’ own activities, in the influence of international actors, or in the objective circumstances of the society development are less clear. The external attribution of blame significantly prevails over self-blaming and the respondents are willing rather to find guilty people than to rearrange own position and or the content of own political activity.

Foreign Missions in Kyiv in the Period of the Directorate of Ukraine: Forced Returning Home

The article construes diplomatic presence of foreign states in the period of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Ukrainian State in Kyiv as the entry of independent Ukraine to the international arena. It is emphasized that the activity of every foreign mission at that time merits separate study. It is highlighted that with the advent of the Directorate to power in December 2018, all diplomatic missions found themselves in similar circumstances as the unrelenting approach of the Bolsheviks to the capital of Ukraine threatened their presence in Kyiv. The article covers the issues of organizing cooperation with the new government, faced by both the representatives of the ‘old’ consular corps and envoys of the Hetman government, who did not cease their activity after the transition of power to the Directorate. The meeting of Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Symon Petliura, Fedir Shvets and Panas Andriievskyi at the railway station was mentioned. The meeting was also attended by thousands of Kyiv residents, as well as foreign representatives, such as Turkish envoy Mukhtar Bey, Finnish envoy Herman Gummerus, Bulgarian envoy Ivan Shishmanov, Ataman of the winter stanitsa of the All-Great Army of the Don General O. V. Cheriachukin, Consul of Switzerland, Duian of Consular Corps Gabriel Annie, Consul of Spain and Portugal Stelio Vasiliadi, not yet officially recognized Consul of Holland Timothy Fokker, representatives of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The article examines the hopes and tactics of various diplomatic parties with regard to decisions made at the 1919 Paris Conference. It is argued that the Directorate not only demonstrated its loyalty to most of the foreign missions but also provided financial loans upon their duly substantiated requests. The article sheds light on the events of 22 January 1919 and the involvement therein of all foreign representatives, the departure of diplomatic missions and further activities of those who remained in Kyiv. Keywords: the Directorate, diplomatic missions, government, foreign representatives and figures.

The February Revolution of 1917 on the Periphery: Behavior of Kyivans in the Days of the Overthrow of the Monarchy

The article focuses on the behavior of the population of Kyiv in a high point of the February Revolution, from 28 February to 3 March. The author concludes that the population of Kyiv was ready to accept the official information about the results of the revolution. This was caused by the information basis that was received by socially active inhabitants of the city in the previous few days. The first news about the events in Petrograd became known in Kyiv on 28 February and were confirmed at official level on 1 March. This information spread first from a narrow circle of officials and public figures who got acquainted with the content of telegrams about the coming revolution, and then from Kyiv City Council to the offices of the local newspapers. Despite the absence of news about the revolutionary events in Petrograd in the local press, Kyiv residents were looking for ways to obtain accurate news. Along with the circulation of rumors, the propensity of the city population to looking for the official information is noticeable. This happened in the form of spreading telegrams from Petrograd, searching for print announcements about events or receiving news from the deputies of the Kyiv City Council. Public organizations expressed their attitude to events as a catalyst of the transition of powers in Kyiv to the revolutionary authorities. The creation of the Council of United Public Organizations of Kyiv began on 1–2 March, at a time when the final results of the revolution were not known and the news from the capital was delayed. Representatives of the authorities sought to take measures to protect against possible anti-revolutionary performances. There was competition between Kyiv City Council and Kyiv Military District Command for influencing the formation of public opinion about the change of power. These two institutions had different visions about the way of the ensuring social order. Publications of official news about the overthrow of the monarchy became possible in the press only after consultations that the head of Kyiv Military District Command held with the editors of the leading editions of Kyiv.

Stroke units in the world and Ukraine: requirements, realities and prospects

Objective. To assess the state of neurosurgical care (NSC) provision to stroke patients in Ukraine, to determine the possibilities for integrating stroke units (including neurovascular ones) into a single network.Materials and methods. The results of the full-design statistical study of the clinical work of neurosurgical units (NSU) of Ukraine in the years 2008 to 2017 were analyzed. Statistical methods of sampling and grouping, time series studies were used. Calculations were performed using Microsoft Office Excel.Results. Over the last 10 years the number of hospital patients increased by 33 % (from 7,160 in 2008 to 9,520 in 2017), the number of those operated by 76 % (from 2,573 to 4,532). Per a million people the growth rate is even greater: the rate of hospitalization increased by 59 % (from 156 to 248), the rate of surgeries enlarged by 111 % (from 56 to 118).In the structure of patients operated in NSU, the share of those who underwent surgeries because of stroke increased from 6 % to 11 %.In 2017 85 NSU provided care to patients with stroke. Among them, 8 units are neurovascular, 7 units may be regarded as those ones by formal signs, the rest are multifaceted NSU.NSC for stroke is concentrated in the capital and large cities. In 2017, 45 % of surgeries relating to stroke were performed in the NSU of the capital (2,044 surgeries out of 4,532). Another 27 % (1,015) of operated patients received surgical treatment in the units in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Vinnytsia, Lviv.In 2017, in Ukraine the share of operated persons among those to whom such surgery is indicated amounted to 16 %. The maximum rate of NSC provision is in Kyiv (126.3 %). However, it is wrong to analyze it as care provided to residents of Kyiv, because a major part of those operated there were residents of other regions. Among regions, the population of Ivano-Frankivsk (17.9 %), Dnipropetrovsk (16.2 %), Lviv regions (12.1 %) were the most provided with NSC for stroke; in 8 regions the coverage was 5–10 %; in 10 — less than 5 % of the need.The lack of information on the number of stroke units, their distribution throughout the country, the number of treated stroke patients cause the necessity of creation of a framework of stroke units, their certification and accounting of their activities.Conclusions. Over the last 10 years in Ukraine the indicators of NSC provision to stroke patients improved. However, the rate of coverage of stroke patients with NSC remains low, with a considerable swing in the rate by regions of Ukraine. The necessity of integrating stroke units (including neurovascular ones) into a single network, their certification and keeping statistical accounting have become urgent.

Combination of RanidSONNI Mobile Laboratory Devices and Rodos DSS computer Technologies to Forecast Consequences of Fires in the ChNPP Exclusion Zone

This study focuses on joint application of the RanidSONNI mobile laboratory hardware and RODOS DSS computer technologies using the example of numerical forecast of radiation consequences for Kyiv residents caused by radioactive cloud under the city resulting from a wildfire in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone that occurred on 5 June 2018 in Red Forest area.
 The purpose of the study was, on the one hand, to combine rapid response technologies using mobile environment sampling tools and computer technologies for forecasting the spread of air contamination at long distances based on weather forecast data, and on the other hand, to define true extent of radiation impact of the radiation cloud on Kyiv residents, which according to the meteorological situation had to pass over the city at the moment of wildfire.
 The interest in the issue raised is preconditioned by difficulties arising when it is necessary to measure short-term air contamination: in many cases it is possible to obtain actual air contamination indices at a long distance from source term location under its short-term impact only in the center of the cloud itself, which is spread from the source term in wind direction. This preconditions a random nature of contamination registering, if registering is done using stationary control posts. As previous studies have shown, the probability that the cloud formed by the source term passes just above the sampling site is low enough.
 The article presents a general description of implementing the joint operation of computer technologies for numerical forecast for radioactive cloud spread in the environment using RODOS DSS software package and the air monitoring hardware installed on the RanidSONNI mobile laboratory for radiation survey. The article shows specific hardware for sampling and measuring Cs-137 concentrations in the air is shown, presents the results of forecasting radioactive release spread for long distances and the results of assessing exposure doses for Kyiv residents for the whole time of radioactive cloud passage over the city.

INFLUENCE OF REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS IN THE SOCIETY ON VIOLENT DEATHS STRUCTURE

Relevance. The detector of the stability of the social system and its level of development is the frequency of violent deaths – murders, suicides and accidents. The level of murders correlates with the economic and social protection of the population. In a society reform, these indicators are changing. On the basis of the analysis of cases of violent death, on the basis of forensic medical expertise, it is possible to plan areas for preventive work of the police and health services to improve the assistance to the population.
 Objective: to study the peculiarities of the violent death of Kyiv residents against the backdrop of the revolutionary events of 2013, in order to improve the preventive work of health authorities and law enforcement agencies in reducing the incidence of violent deaths among the population in the context of the reform of society.
 Materials and methods. The material of the research was the acts of forensic research of 43138 corpses – residents of the city of Kyiv who died of violent death in 2001-2015 as a result of causing death wounds, gunshot injuries, height drop, mechanical asphyxiation, traffic accidents, poisoning, high and low temperature, and electrical trauma that were investigated in the Kyiv City Clinical Bureau for Forensic Medical Examination.
 Results. In the course of active revolutionary events, 92% of deaths are death by force. The number of deaths among women is significantly reduced. The number of incidents of firearms is 21 times higher. The number of murders increases by 49%, and in the next it falls to the original level. The number of suicides remains at a constant level during revolutionary events, but increases by 25% after them. The level of accidents decreases by 3.7 times during the revolutionary events and increases after them to a level that was even higher than at the beginning of this period. The number of injuries in dull and sharp objects increased by 25%, followed by a fall to a level that was less than revolutionary events.
 Conclusions. During active revolutionary events, the distribution of types of violent death changes.

INFLUENCE OF REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS IN THE SOCIETY ON VIOLENT DEATHS STRUCTURE

Relevance. The detector of the stability of the social system and its level of development is the frequency of violent deaths – murders, suicides and accidents. The level of murders correlates with the economic and social protection of the population. In a society reform, these indicators are changing. On the basis of the analysis of cases of violent death, on the basis of forensic medical expertise, it is possible to plan areas for preventive work of the police and health services to improve the assistance to the population.
 Objective: to study the peculiarities of the violent death of Kyiv residents against the backdrop of the revolutionary events of 2013, in order to improve the preventive work of health authorities and law enforcement agencies in reducing the incidence of violent deaths among the population in the context of the reform of society.
 Materials and methods. The material of the research was the acts of forensic research of 43138 corpses – residents of the city of Kyiv who died of violent death in 2001-2015 as a result of causing death wounds, gunshot injuries, height drop, mechanical asphyxiation, traffic accidents, poisoning, high and low temperature, and electrical trauma that were investigated in the Kyiv City Clinical Bureau for Forensic Medical Examination.
 Results. In the course of active revolutionary events, 92% of deaths are death by force. The number of deaths among women is significantly reduced. The number of incidents of firearms is 21 times higher. The number of murders increases by 49%, and in the next it falls to the original level. The number of suicides remains at a constant level during revolutionary events, but increases by 25% after them. The level of accidents decreases by 3.7 times during the revolutionary events and increases after them to a level that was even higher than at the beginning of this period. The number of injuries in dull and sharp objects increased by 25%, followed by a fall to a level that was less than revolutionary events.
 Conclusions. During active revolutionary events, the distribution of types of violent death changes.

Міська програма підтримки книговидання Києва: ретроспективний аналіз та сучасний стан

The article analyzes the publishing activity of the Kyiv City State Administration for the period from 2000 to 2018, examines the program ‘Kyiv informational’ in the part of publishing activity, the work of the Publishing Council of the Department of Public Communications of the Kyiv City State Administration.It was established that for the period of 2000–2010, 93 books were published with a total circulation of almost 100 thousand copies. During this period, the largest number of editions was issued from 2003 to 2008, after which the funding of the program was reduced and the number of publications decreased. Since 2011 the city program ‘Kyiv Informational’ has been adopted for 2011–2015, which included, among of their things, measure stop reading, as well as support for book publishing. The most productive year during the period of the program was 2013, when 33 books were published.In 2015, a Publishing Council was setup with the task of setting criteria and selecting works for printing under the Kyiv Informational program in order to meet the readers’ demand of Kyiv residents. In the same year, the Publishing Council had selected and recommended the publication of 15 books. The action of the Kyiv Informational Program was continued for 2016–2018. The Publishing Council continued its work, recommended printing in 2016 37 books.Published books under the program ‘Kyiv informational’ are transferred to the Public Library of Lesia Ukrainka, from where they are distributed to the libraries of Kyiv.Editorial publishing and printing of publications under the program were carried out both by state publishing and printing companies as well as private ones. The choice of the executor of works was carried out by means of a tender.In total, from 2000 to 2017, for the budget of Kyiv, 195 titles of books were issued with a total circulation of 163 thousand copies.It is expedient to increase financing in order to increase the range of publications and update the funds of city libraries.

СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗНАЧЕННЯ АКАДЕМІЧНОГО СОЛЬНОГО ВИКОНАННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МУЗИЧНІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ

Мета роботи – дослідити та висвітлити сутність академічного вокалу, проаналізувати значення творчості артистів, які володіють манерою академічного виконання, та визначення їх ролі в мистецькому просторі країни. Методологія дослідження. Для досягнення мети було проаналізовано науково-теоретичну, мистецтвознавчу і методичну літературу. Зроблений аналіз академічного сольного співу дозволив розкрити його сутність. За допомогою спостереження окреслено значення академічного сольного виконання в мистецькому просторі. Визначено реальний стан оперних театрів. Шляхом аналізу встановлено рівень прихильності мешканців Києва щодо відвідування оперних театрів. Метод узагальнення дозволив сформулювати поняття щодо сутності вокального академічного виконавця. Шляхом порівняння виявлено реальний стан означеної проблематики. За допомогою методу дедукції означено висновки та перспективи подальшого дослідження, запропоновано практичне розв’язання проблеми. Наукова новизна роботи. Вважається, що вперше конструктивно проаналізовано місце та роль виконавців академічної манери виконання в мистецькому житті нашої країни. Стисло розроблено рекомендації щодо удосконалення та відображення значимості академічного сольного виконання в культуротворчих процесах країни, зокрема в театрах опери та оперети. Висновки. Доведено, що на сучасному етапі формування культурно-мистецької галузі академічне сольне виконання в Україні потребує якісних зрушень. Виявлено, що сьогодні необхідним є залучення нової молодої аудиторії прихильників до оперного мистецтва. З’ясовано, що в нашому сьогодення перед оперою постає багато проблем. Означено, що вагомою є проблема щодо фінансування закладів. Визначено збайдужілий інтерес населення до виконавців академічного сольного виконання.

THE ALTERNATIVE GREENIZATION OF THE RESIDENTIAL AREA IN KYIV CITY

Green infrastructure of modern cities is an essential element of city planning, which provides recreational facilities and performs environmental functions, namely climate regulation, pollution and noise retention, ecological networks support, humidity retention etc. The analysis of the studies shows that green plantations are able to mitigate the negative impacts of climate changes and provide more comfortable microclimate within the city. The provision of Kyiv residents with green areas is sufficient, but mostly outside the city, while many central areas like Solomyansky and Svyatoshynsky districts lack the necessary volume of greenery. To provide the maximal environmental efficiency it is necessary to improve the species and geometrical structure of green plantations, provide efficient maintenance and employ alternative greenization for the expansion of green plantations area. The conducted experiments of plants stability to physical (low and high temperature, dusting, substrate salination) and chemical (gaseous pollution) factors showed that species with the highest resistance are poplar, birch and lilac. The creation of the system of voids within the rows of green plant improves their capturing efficiency for dust and soot. To expand the area of green plantations we offer to create extensive green roof on multi-storeyed buildings, for which the most appropriate plant species are offered. The choice of plants is based on their tolerance to low humidity and poor substrate; these are perennial grasses with developed foliation to provide maximal capacity of oxygen production and carbon capturing. In order to support the functionality of green plantations we recommend conducting phytomonitoring and using the data for prevention of environment quality degradation. It must cover the following issues: the state of green infrastructure and its decorative quality, entomologic and phytopathological condition of arboreal plantations, air quality with determination of basic phytotoxic substances quantity and total volume of industrial and transport emissions, soil condition analysis and phytotoxicity of precipitations.

The course of the anti-alcohol campaign in Kyiv during the First World War (1914-1917)

The article examines the impact of the tsarist government's anti-alcohol campaign on the everyday life of Kyiv residents in 1914-1917. The author highlights some positive effects of the fight against drunkenness in the first months of the war, related to a decrease in crime and the number of suicides. The phenomena that testified to the opposite effect of the ban on the sale of alcohol, namely, an increase in the volume of secret production and sale of vodka, the preparation and consumption of surrogate drinks dangerous to health, and abuses in the pharmacy sector, are considered.