Abstract
Green infrastructure of modern cities is an essential element of city planning, which provides recreational facilities and performs environmental functions, namely climate regulation, pollution and noise retention, ecological networks support, humidity retention etc. The analysis of the studies shows that green plantations are able to mitigate the negative impacts of climate changes and provide more comfortable microclimate within the city. The provision of Kyiv residents with green areas is sufficient, but mostly outside the city, while many central areas like Solomyansky and Svyatoshynsky districts lack the necessary volume of greenery. To provide the maximal environmental efficiency it is necessary to improve the species and geometrical structure of green plantations, provide efficient maintenance and employ alternative greenization for the expansion of green plantations area. The conducted experiments of plants stability to physical (low and high temperature, dusting, substrate salination) and chemical (gaseous pollution) factors showed that species with the highest resistance are poplar, birch and lilac. The creation of the system of voids within the rows of green plant improves their capturing efficiency for dust and soot. To expand the area of green plantations we offer to create extensive green roof on multi-storeyed buildings, for which the most appropriate plant species are offered. The choice of plants is based on their tolerance to low humidity and poor substrate; these are perennial grasses with developed foliation to provide maximal capacity of oxygen production and carbon capturing. In order to support the functionality of green plantations we recommend conducting phytomonitoring and using the data for prevention of environment quality degradation. It must cover the following issues: the state of green infrastructure and its decorative quality, entomologic and phytopathological condition of arboreal plantations, air quality with determination of basic phytotoxic substances quantity and total volume of industrial and transport emissions, soil condition analysis and phytotoxicity of precipitations.
Highlights
The existence of open spaces in the urban space assists the move of the aerial masses and the change of the air
Relative humidity is about 4% higher in the park area and that contributes to the fall of temperature, since temperature and humidity follow an opposite course during the day
The Discomfort Index was lower in everyday basis and during the whole 24-hours at the park area and the study of its rates shows that in most of the summer days and most of the hours of the day, thermal comfort in this area is secured
Summary
The existence of open spaces in the urban space assists the move of the aerial masses and the change of the air. This paper studies the contribution of vegetation and water to the improvement of bioclimatic conditions in the open spaces of the towns, through environmental monitoring of temperature and of relative air humidity during summer days in two different open spaces in the town of Drama. To achieve this purpose these environmental monitoring were constantly recorded from 12/7 to 17/9/2006 using thermoigrografs in two selected open spaces. Via Thom’s Discomfort Index (DI), thermal comfort and percentage of people who are expected to have feelings of discomfort at the open spaces were calculated as in past studies [6]. Another indicator estimating thermal comfort at open spaces was calculated, named Heat Actual Sense Index ASV, which was developed within the framework of the European programme RUROS (Rediscovering the Urban Realm and Open Spaces) [7]
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