Kwara State Research Articles

Awareness and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Effective Library Service Delivery in Academic Libraries in Kwara State Nigeria

Awareness and Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Effective Library Service Delivery in Academic Libraries in Kwara State Nigeria

Perceived effect of Artificial Intelligence on Ethical Journalism among Journalists in Kwara State.

This study examined the perceived effect of artificial intelligence on ethical journalism among journalists in Kwara State. The study made use of the survey research was adopted as the research method. Two hundred and five available journalists constituted the population of the study. A total of one hundred and thirty-four served as the sample size which was drawn from the total population of Twitter users in Nigeria by subjecting the population to the Krejcie and Morgan table. Copies of questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed with statistical methods indicating frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The study found that there is a positive perception and a notable level of awareness of artificial intelligence for journalistic practice among journalists in Kwara State. Also, journalists in Kwara State have a high level of usage of artificial intelligence, as they actively incorporate AI tools into their daily work routines, lastly, artificial intelligence influences ethical journalism amongst journalists in Kwara State. The study, therefore, recommends that; media organizations should foster more public awareness about AI’s role in journalism to foster trust and understanding among audiences. Communicate how AI tools enhance accuracy, storytelling, and data analysis in news reporting, and invest in training programs to upskill journalists on how to effectively use artificial intelligence tools for their reporting, as this will empower journalists to make the most out of AI technologies and leverage them to enhance the quality of their stories.

Perceived awareness and usefulness of artificial intelligence technology for efficient library operations in university libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria

The integration of artificial intelligence technology in academic libraries has immensely elevated the image of their operations and services to users. This study investigates the perceived awareness and usefulness of artificial intelligence technology for library operations in Kwara State academic libraries. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study and the population consisted of 108 librarians and paraprofessionals in all university libraries in Kwara State which are University of Ilorin, Kwara State university Malete, Al Hikmah University, Ojaja , University, Eyenkorin, Landmark University, Omu Aran, and Ahmad Pategi University, Patigi. A total enumeration technique was employed and questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected wewre analysed with frequency counts and simple percentages. Findings revealed that AI Robots, AI chatbots, face recognition technology, virtual references, Humanoids, Dynamed and AI expert systems are the AI technologies the respondents were highly aware of. The respondents perceived the usefulness of AI technologies for efficient library operations such as AI chatbots can be useful for reference services, AI can used for cataloguing and classification of library materials, AI drone surveillance can be used for library security, AI expert search tools for information search, AI can be useful for automating library routines. The findings also revealed the challenges of artificial intelligence technology integration to library operations to includes potential loss of job, high risk of maintenance, inadequate internet service provision, technical problems, epileptic electricity or power supply, and Inadequate ICT facilities for AI technologies. This study concluded that the librarians in university libraries in Kwara State are aware of AI technology and perceived the usefulness of its integration to library operations. It also recommends that AI technologies such as robots, chatbots, and expert systems should be integrated to libraries in other to provide top-notch services to their users.

Analysis of Thermophilic and Halophilic Bacteria in Traditonally Processed Locust Beans Sold in Ekiti and Kwara State, Nigeria.

Locust beans is one of the most essential condiment and ingredient of any soup in Nigeria. Many household and eateries make use of this condiment on daily basis, considering its taste and addition to every soup, coupled with its health benefit. Being a natural ingredient, some medical practitioner had successfully convince their patient to abstain from many other artificial soup ingredient and stick to locust beans for their food. The Process and preservation of this locust beans involves cooking, drying and salting, which ordinarily should have killed every bacterial in the process, though, this is subject to further verification. Heating and salting is one of the oldest food preservation methods, which is usually regarded as a technique to control microbial activity. It is important to be able to estimate the risk of undesirable microorganism growth, halophilic pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus at low temperature and thermophilic bacteria Bacillus sp. that survive the pasteurization procedure, thereby called for this studies on isolation of thermophilic bacterial and halophilic bacteria from locally fermented food. The objective of this study is to identify the possible thermophiles and halophiles from the traditionally processed locust beans sample collected from Ekiti and Kwara State. Considering the similarities and peculiarities in the processing and preservation period and method of locust beans in the two different states, it becomes necessary to examine the possible influence of this peculiarities on the presence of the two bacterial in question (thermophilic and halophilic), which makes it a comparative analysis. The study assessed the bacteria isolates in locally fermented locust beans in Ekiti and Kwara State, through descriptive research of the experimental design. Locust beans with salt and without salt were collected and the identification of the bacterial isolates were done by standard microbiological methods. Result revealed that the bacterial isolated includes: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus mundtii, Acinetobacter iwofii and Acetobacter aceti. The identified isolated bacterial were very similar as regard the two different samples from the two states (Kwara and Ekiti). Where Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus mundtii have the highest frequency of occurrence 31.8% Acinetobacter iwofii have 22.7% and Acetobacter aceti have the lowest occurrence of 13.6 %. Also, studies revealed that a wide range of thermophilic and halophilic organisms are found in food. The study concluded that locally processed locust beans though preserved by heat and salt still contains some microbes that are deleterious to human health as well as the environment. It was therefore recommended base on the findings, that the locust beans be better preserved by freezing. In this wise, thermophiles that cannot survive in a temperature below 200C will die while the presence of halophiles which is added by salt as one of the most common preservation method will be prevented. Regular factory and market inspection should be encouraged by regulators such as environmental health officers, to ensure good hygiene in processing the locust bean.

Knowledge and perception of secondary students on food labels and safe nutrition in Kwara state, Nigeria

ood labels and safe nutrition are important concepts in national food security. The knowledge and perception of these concepts is critical to building a sustainable food system and reducing prevailing hunger and malnutrition among students who depend largely on road side fast and junk foods. This study assessed the knowledge and perception of secondary students on food labels and safe nutrition in Kwara state. The study adopted a cross sectional primary data collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire subjected to expert opinion for validity and test-retest for the reliability (r = 0.86) of the instrument. A multi stage random sampling technique was used to select 1080 secondary students. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as logit and multinomial logistic regression model with significance level at P<0.05 where relevant. The study found that parent education, school curriculum and access to basic amenities are important factors influencing theknowledge of food labels and safe nutrition among secondary school students. Hence, we recommend that effort should be geared toward the incorporation of issues on food safety and label in secondary school curriculum.

Diversity of Learners, their Special Learning Needs and Inclusive Education: Perspectives of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria.

The study was aimed at building knowledge base for addressing learners’ special learning needs and for promoting inclusive education. The purpose of the study was to provide a rich description of public secondary schools’ teachers’ perspectives on their learners and on inclusive education. The study adopted quantitative design to investigate teachers’ awareness and knowledge of diversity of learners in their classrooms, including the teachers’ understanding of their learners’ special learning needs as well as the teachers’ perspectives on their experiences with implementation of inclusive education The population for the study comprised all teachers in public secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria, and by convenient sampling method drew a sample of one hundred and forty-five teachers. The instrument for data gathering was a questionnaire which contained descriptive statements responded to by respondents who indicated their degrees of agreement on a four-point; liker-type scale. Data collected were analysed and with the use of the descriptive statistics of percentage frequencies and mean response scores to answer the research questions and to arrive at the achievement of the study objectives. The results revealed that teachers involved in the study were generally aware of learners’ diversity in their classrooms. To strengthen this awareness, the teachers also indicated their knowledge regarding the manifestations of the diversity in terms of the learners’ ability and activity levels as well as behavioural tendencies. Teacher-respondents reported some learners as gifted and talented, some as more active than others, some aggressive or withdrawn in behaviors, some with speech and language difficulties as well as auditory, visual and orthopaedic impairments, while some are with other disabilities. The results of the study have implications for pre-service and in-service training of teachers as well as better structuring of schools’ physical infrastructure in order to promote better access, participation and belongingness for pupils with disabilities.

Parasitological Assessment of Ready to eat Fruits and Vegetables at a selected Market in Malete, Kwara state, Nigeria

Food borne illnesses majorly result from poor hygiene practices and unsanitary conditions especially at fruits and vegetable selling points. We aimed to assess the hygiene status as well as parasite contamination in fruit and vegetables sold at Malete in Kwara state, Nigeria. Four (4) samples each of ready-to-eat vended fruits and vegetables which include; water melon, tomatoes, cucumber, carrot, banana and garden egg, and two (2) samples each of orange and pineapple were purchased from different fruits sellers in Malete. The parasite contamination of fruits was examined using standard centrifugal sedimentation methods. The helminth egg, larva, cast, and cyst were identified by using distilled water and saline as a floating medium, staining them with dobell's iodine, and examining them with an x40 objective lens. A total of four (4) parasite worms were identified as: Ascaris lumbriocoides (68.63%), Entamoeba coli (4.54%), Entamoeba histolytical (18.18%) and Paragonimous westermani (9.09%) from the fruit samples studied. Carrots and tomatoes show the highest contamination with 91.66% and 83.33%, banana and cucumber show lowest contamination (56.25% and 50%) among the samples, while orange and pineapple show no contamination among samples. Fruits and vegetables that are offered at the vendors are not pathogen-free, as evidenced by the organisms that were isolated from them. Thus, there is a risk of parasite infection if these fruits and vegetables are consumed raw without being thoroughly cleaned. The results and recommendations of this study are anticipated to be put into practice in order to reduce the any risk of contracting parasite infections among the populace

Evaluation of Yoruba- Biology Instructional Package on Achievement and Emotional Stability among Secondary School Students in Kwara State, Nigeria

The paper examined evaluation of Yoruba-Biologyinstructional package on achievement and emotional stability among secondary school students in Kwara State. Two objectives were formulated for the study, two research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The research adopted Quasi experimental design (pre-test, post-test and control group design).The population for this study consists of 124,723 with target population of 22,842 senior secondary students registered in the Biology Programme for the session 2022/2023 under the Kwara State Ministry of Education. 12,421 are male while 10,421 are female Biology students. A multi-staged sampling technique was used, the sample size consists of 286 students, 149 for the experimental group and 137 for the control group in a class setting. The validated instrument tagged Biology Achievement Test (BAT) with reliability co-efficient of 0.85 was used to collect data for the study shows that the instrument was reliable. The study revealed that the experimental group had higher mean gain than the control group. It also revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean achievement score of students taught ecology using Yoruba-Biology Instructional package and those taught using lecture method. The study concluded that the use of Yoruba-Biology Instructional Package would in no doubt improve the teaching and learning process in Biology. The study also recommended that teachers in secondary school should be encouraged by the school administrators and management to adopt the use of Yoruba-Biology Instructional Package to complement their teaching. This will enhance their teaching methods and provide them with supplementary materials for teaching.

FARMERS’ PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICES RENDERED BY PUBLIC EXTENSION ORGANIZATIONS IN KWARA STATE NIGERIA

This study investigated the perceived effectiveness of public extension services among maize based farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive research design. An interview schedule was used to collect data. Content validity was used to validate the instrument while reliability was ascertained through test retest method having gotten a correlation coefficient of 72% reliable. Four stage sampling was employed to select respondents. Firstly stage involved a purposive selection of 3 ADP zones namely: Zone B, C and D. Second stage involved the selection of eight blocks, and third stage involved random selection of 10 prominent maize farming communities. Total population of ADP contact maize based farmers in the selected communities was 695 where 36.5% was selected at the fourth stage to give 254 respondents. Collected data were analysed with the use of frequency counts, percentages, mean score, standard deviation, linear regression and chi-square statistical tools. Findings showed that maize based farmers were mainly male (93.3%), married (87.8%), and educated (86.2%). Many (63.0%) of the respondents perceived the effectiveness of services provided by public extension organizations was moderate. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the socio-economic factors (years of schooling and access to extension services) predicted 22.2 percent of farmers’ perception of the effectiveness of extension services provided by public extension organizations. The study concluded that farmers perceived extension services provided by public extension organizations were moderately effective. This study recommends a functional public-private extension approach for effective extension services to farmers in Kwara State.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Secondary Students Towards Sex Education in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Secondary Students Towards Sex Education in Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State.

Effect of nursing intervention on women’s knowledge about pregnancy problems and utilization of obstetrics care services in Edu, Kwara State, Nigeria

PurposeThis study assesses the effect of nursing intervention on the knowledge of women about pregnancy-related problems and utilization of obstetrics care services in Edu, Nigeria. MethodsPre-test post-test control of quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. Researchers-designed questionnaire was used for data collection and a split-half test was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. One hundred and twenty women were exposed to ten weeks of community-based nursing education intervention sessions, (sixty experimental groups and sixty control groups). Pre-tests administered to sampled women before nursing health education intervention sessions and followed by Post-test. The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the t-test was used to test the hypothesis at an Alpha level of 0.05. ResultsThe findings showed the positive effect of a nursing health education intervention on the knowledge of women about pregnancy problems with pre-intervention on experimental group mean of 63.33, and post-intervention mean of 72.22 with t-value of 1.26 less than the table value of 1.96. The study further showed a mean score of 35.97 experimental group and 28.33 for the control group with a t-value of 1.64, which shows little effect of intervention on the willingness of women to utilize obstetrics care services in Edu, Nigeria. ConclusionThe study concluded that the nursing health education intervention programme in this study on pregnancy-related problems programmes had a positive effect on the knowledge of women but had no effect on the utilization of OCS by women in Edu Local Government Areas. We recommended that health education programmes should be intensified to improve the knowledge level of women and encourage the use of obstetric care services in the community.

Soil Characteristics, Growth, Yield, Mineral Composition and Proximate Content of Soybeans Under Various Tillage Techniques

Different tillage methods can have varying effects on soil properties and crop quality. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University, located in Omu‐Aran, Kwara State. The objectives were to investigate the impacts of various tillage methods on soil characteristics and the growth, yield, mineral and proximate content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Based on these objectives, it was hypothesized that soil properties, growth, yield, mineral and proximate contents of soybean would react differently to different tillage methods. Consequently, experiments were conducted to validate this hypothesis. The treatments were four tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), ploughing (P), ploughing plus harrowing (P + H) and manual ridging (MR), replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Data on the initial soil properties (bulk density, particle size, pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg), along with the chemical properties of the soil on a per‐plot basis at the end of the experiment, were collected. Additionally, data on soil bulk density, porosity, moisture content and temperature were collected during the vegetative growth of the soybean. Soybean plant height and the number of branches were recorded at the midflowering stage, while grain yield and the number of pods were recorded at harvest. Soybean seeds were later analysed for their mineral and proximate contents using standard methods. P + H resulted in lower soil bulk density than other tillage methods and led to higher growth, yield, proximate and mineral contents of soybean. In MC, bulk density, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg were significantly higher and temperature lower than in other tillage methods; yet, these advantages did not translate into increased yield and quality due to the higher bulk density. The growth, yield and quality of soybean were significantly influenced by soil bulk density rather than by soil chemical properties. Using the mean of the two sites, relative to MC, P and MR, P + H increased the grain yield of soybean by 41.3%, 24.4% and 13.7%, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate tillage practices for successful soybean cultivation in similar agroecological zones. For small‐scale operations, MR is suggested, while P + H is recommended for large‐scale soybean production in the studied area. Future studies could include additional variables, such as economic analysis, long‐term soil health impacts or the effects of tillage methods under varying climate conditions.

An assessment of entrepreneurial skills of LIS students in Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara-State, Nigeria

The study assessed the entrepreneurial skills of LIS students in Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria. The descriptive research survey design was used for this study. The population for the study consisted of 250 HND I and HND II students of Department Of Library and Information Science for 2021/2022 academic session. Purposive sampling technique was used since it is believed that they have completed their mandatory Industrial Training Programme and offered entrepreneurship education course for at least 5 semesters. 250 questionnaires were distributed and 236 questionnaires (representing 94.4%) were returned and found usable. Data from the study were analyzed using mean. Mean was used to answer all the research questions and decision rule for positive (agreed) response was set at mean score of 2.50 and above, while a mean score of below 2.50 set as negative and rejected. The major findings of the study included low level of entrepreneurial skills acquisition by the LIS students; out of the sixteen skills examined, they only agreed to have 4; the major challenges identified were lack of financial support to start a business, high student population among others. It was recommended that the curriculum should be reviewed and practical skills required to function effectively as an entrepreneur after graduation should be included.

Adenovirus and rotavirus-associated diarrhea among children under five years of age in Offa, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Adenovirus and rotavirus-associated diarrhea among children under five years of age in Offa, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOILS AT SOME SELECTED PORTIONS ACROSS AFON ENVIRONMENT IN KWARA STATE FOR ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Three (3) samples of lateritic soil from various parent rocks in AFON, Kwara State, were analyzed for their potential as construction materials. All the samples were analyzed following the guidelines set in the BSI standard. Three samples of laterites were gathered from the research site for geotechnical examination. Tests were conducted on the laterites to determine their geotechnical characteristics, including liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), California Bearing Ratio, and moisture content. The outcomes were evaluated against the standards set by the Federal Ministry of Work for Roads. The liquid limit, plastic limit, and plastic index of the laterites ranged between 42.50 and 45.00, 12.50 and 17.10, and 25.40 and 32.50, respectively. The OMC, MDD, CBR, and Moisture Content had values between 31.81 and 34.7%, 1.21 and 1.37 g/cm3, and CBR values of 16–13% soaked and 16–21% unsoaked and Moisture content values of 12.15-15.55. The results showed that the Laterite samples from the selected locations meets the requirements for any geotechnical purposes

Species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of termites (Blattodea: Insecta: Isoptera) in the Kwara State Univerity Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

Species composition, relative abundance, and diversity of termites (Blattodea: Insecta: Isoptera) in the Kwara State Univerity Campus, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria

ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN SHARE-TSARAGI AND IT’S ENVIRON IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Climate change affects surface water resources through changes in evaporation, surface water recharge, temperature, runoff, and rainfall. Such changes affect the mobilization of nutrients and the distribution and mobility of pollutants in surface water systems. The present study attempts the physiochemical and hydrochemical characterization of surface-quality water in the Share-Tsaragi and its environs in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected from the study area. The physiochemical characteristics such as pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined to understand the surface water characteristics, and the results showed that pH (6.39 to 7.67) and total dissolved solids (35 to 230 mg/l) were significantly moderate across the different stations. This indicated that all the water samples are good for drinking and irrigation. The hydrochemical data were utilized to generate graphical representations and scientific computations that determined the relationship between chemical components and water quality. The main elements found in the samples were Ca‐HCO3 - . Piper diagram indicates that the water samples are made of mixed Ca‐Na‐HCO3 - and mixed Ca‐Mg, indicating transient hardness. Gibbs plots show that water chemistry is primarily influenced by rock-water interactions and precipitation processes. The Gibbs plots show a change with increased bicarbonate and lower TDS, indicating salt intake through precipitation.

Epidemiology and Genetic Relationship of Toxigenic Fungi in Maize Grains From North Central Nigerian States.

Contamination of maize adversely affects maize quality, yield, and export creating a gap in the attainment of food security, which is a millenium development goal in Nigeria. The study determined fungal abundance, genetic variability, and prevalence of toxigenic fungi in maize grains consumed in North Central, Nigeria. Sixty composite stored maize samples were collected and fungi were isolated and identified after which a multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the presence of mycotoxin regulatory genes in suspected toxigenic fungi. The genetic relationship among the toxigenic fungi was determined and the genetic correlation between Aspergillus isolates was established through Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. About 389 (64.83%) of the total maize samples collected had fungal species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichophyton, and Talaromyces associated with them. Among the regions surveyed, Kogi State exhibited the highest maize contamination rate at 89 samples, accounting for 22.9% of the total samples collected. In Benue and Kogi, the genus Aspergillus exhibited the highest relative abundance, with percentages of 76.6% and 76.3%, respectively. Among its species, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were the most predominant. Kwara State had the highest fungal diversity with a value of 1.711 (P < .05). Benue State had 11 isolates (4.6%) with genes encoding for mycotoxin production, the highest recorded. Conversely, Nasarawa and Niger States each had the lowest count, with 4 isolates possessing such genes. Out of the 238 fungi suspected to be mycotoxigenic that were isolated, 39 have genes that encode for mycotoxin synthesis. Low divergence existed between toxigenic fungal species using the alpha diversity index. This study confirmed that the grains were contaminated with closely related fungal strains, and concluded that maize grains consumed in North Central Nigeria showed high association with fungal microbiota, including species capable of contaminating the grains with mycotoxins.

Effect of Heavy Vehicles on Road Pavement and Implication on the Environment in North Central Nigeria

Transport infrastructure plays a crucial role in Nigeria’s economic development, mobility and environmental sustainability. Road pavement facilitates the movement of vehicles and ensure safe and efficient transportation of goods, services and people across the country. The study was conducted on Asa-dam Road Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, primary source of data and random sampling techniques was employed to select 150 respondents. Findings from the study revealed that potholes, depression of the road surface and other road failures are caused by heavy vehicles. Majority of respondents (96.7%) perceived highest level of major damage are caused by heavy vehicles of 50 tons above while 45.3% perceived minor damage and 34.7% perceived medium damage by heavy vehicles of less than 30 tons. P-value of 0.000 is below the conventional threshold of p&lt;0.05. R value of 0.892 with R2 value of 0.795 implied a strong and positive relationship exist between inadequate road pavement and the environment which increases vehicle maintenance cost, travel time and pollution. F-ratio value of 140.832 was statistically significant. The study concluded that heavy vehicles have significant effect on road pavement damage as a result of the weight and of goods they carry therefore affecting the environment. However, it is recommended that the current road pavement be scrapped and new layer of asphalt be laid to cater for heavy vehicle traffic while government should do more routine and periodic maintenance of the road pavement.

Prevalencija, obrasci i faktori rizika za urinarnu inkontinenciju kod žena u sredini sa ograničenim resursima

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common but under-reported condition among women in low-resource settings. The prevalence and pattern of UI, as well as associated risk factors must be examined to inform appropriate health interventions. This study investigated the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for UI among women in a low-resource setting. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 women ≥ 15 years old in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and health-related data on UI The prevalence of UI was determined using the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urgency Frequency Scale (ICIQ-UFS). Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.9 (± 4.5), and 200 (50.0%) were grand-multipara. The prevalence of UI among women in our study setting was 52.7%. The most common pattern of UI was stress incontinence at 140 (67%), followed by mixed incontinence at 45(21%) and urge incontinence at 26 (12%). Age (p &lt; 0.001), parity (p = 0.006), and BMI (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with UI. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that UI is highly prevalent among our study population and that age, parity, and BMI are associated with the occurrence of UI. There is a need for interventions that focus on preventing and managing UI among women in low-resource settings.