Kurgan Region Research Articles

Practical Recommendations on the Organization of Municipal Transformations in the Republic of Kalmykia

The article is devoted to the possibilities of transformation of municipalities on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia. The appearance of this work is caused by the fact that in recent years there has been an active consolidation of municipalities [1]. Such subjects as Stavropol region, Perm region, Zabaikalsky region, Kurgan region, Kaliningrad region and a number of other subjects of the Russian Federation are gradually moving away from the two-level system. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to consider the possibilities and prospects in the case of the transformation of municipalities in the Republic of Kalmykia from “municipal regions” to “municipal districts”, as well as the impact on the management system by the specified subject of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia [2].

THE PRACTICE OF DETERMINING THE AGE OF FALLOW BASED ON THE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT OF POSTAGROGENIC SUCCESSION

One of the tasks set when establishing the fact of inappropriate use of agricultural land in the framework of law enforcement practice is to determine the period of non-use of land for agricultural purposes. As the most accessible methods that can be used to determine the age of a fallow in the absence of documented data on the history of the land plot and aerial and space survey materials is the study of the vegetation cover formed on the studied sites during the postagrogenic succession and the transformation of the arable horizon.In the course of a study conducted on the territory of agricultural lands located within the Kurgan region, it was found that the exact determination of the period of non-use of land is possible using dendrochronology methods in the presence of trees on the site. In addition, the study of the species composition of grassy vegetation allowed us to identify a number of communities belonging to the successive stages of development of postagrogenic succession: weedy, the stage of rhizomatous cereals, the stage of transition from rhizomatous to loose-turf cereal grasses, how-ever, it is not possible to accurately determine the duration of these stages. At the same time, a comparative analysis of the species composition of various areas of grassy vegetation, as well as the thickness and composition of the sod, allows us to establish the similarity of two or more sites, one of which has woody vegetation, which is a marker of the age of the fallow and in neighboring areas. Th us, the main feature that allows you to determine the age of a fallow on the land plot is the age of the existing woody vegetation. As an additional feature that allows determining a single contour of a deposit of a certain age, the species composition of the herbaceous biocenosis, the degree of development and the composition of the sod can be used.

Search for productive, drought-resistant accessions of soft spring wheat for breeding in the conditions of Kirov region

The article presents the results of study of 73 varieties of soft spring wheat from the new samples in the world collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Institute of Plant Breeding named after N. I. Vavilov" in order to include the productive, drought-resistant samples into the working collection on crop breeding in the conditions of the Kirov region. According to the results of the field assessment of 2019...2021, which includes an analysis of the elements of productivity and yield structure, 23 samples were identified as sources of breeding-valuable traits. According to the lowest depression of thevalues of productivity elements in a dry year (2021, НTC = 1.07) relative to the optimal moisture supply (2019, НTC = 1.30), domestic medium-ripened samples RIMA (Moscow region, Ryazan region), Tobolskaya (Altai Kr.), Ulyanovskaya 105 and Ekada 70 (Ulyanovsk region) are classified as drought-resistant, which allows them to be included into breeding work for resistance to summer drought. Resistance to early spring drought was evaluated in the laboratory conditions under simulated drought (sucrose solution, osmotic pressure 6 atm.) and normal humidification conditions (distilled water, 0 atm.) according to the percentage of germination of seeds and the parameters of one seedling (the number of seminal roots, the mass of dry matter). As the result, 19 potentially drought-resistant samples of soft spring wheat were identified. For inclusion into breeding work for resistance to early spring drought, medium-early varieties Zauralochka (Kurgan region, Russia) and Chayka (Belarus), medium-ripened RIMA (Moscow region, Ryazan region, Russia) and Uralosibirskaya (Omsk region, Russia) are recommended.Highly productive samples with complex drought resistance Ekada 109 (Tatarstan, Russia) and Ekaterina (Sverdlovsk region, Russia) have been identified, which provides them to be considered as universal donors for the creation of varieties of soft spring wheat adapted to the conditions of the Kirov region.

Fertilizer efficiency on wheat crops in the northwestern zone of the Kurgan region

The results of long-term (1968-2021) experiment on the use of fertilizers for the 10th and 11th rotations of grain and fallow crop rotation in the experimental field of the Kurgan region are presented. Crop rotation included fallow and three crops of wheat. Fertilizer efficiency varied depending on the combination of the nutrients, the place of wheat in the rotation, and the moisture conditions of the growing season. Moderate effect of phosphorus fertilizer and high effect of nitrogen fertilizer on heavy loamy leached chernozem of the experimental field in these rotations was observed on the crops distant from the fallow. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers gave a higher yield increase. Nitrogen fertilizer also had a positive effect on the quality of wheat, increasing the gluten content and the thousand-kernel weight. With the increase of gluten accumulation in wheat grain against the background of nitrogen fertilizer, the repeatability of wheat quality compliance with the requirements for the 3rd class of grain increased. The effect of fertilizers and the duration of their application on the agrochemical properties of soil became visible. The content of mobile nutrients, humus, total nitrogen and phosphorus increased more noticeably with the use of fertilizers, but the рНsan value decreased. High economic efficiency related to nitrogen fertilizer applied on the second and third wheat after fallow with a payback of 1 kg of nitrogen 12-19 kg of grain. The effect of phosphorus fertilizer was moderate, since the content of mobile Р2О5 in the topsoil remained high. The use of ammophos had a stronger effect on the yield of wheat when the plants were well supplied with nitrogen in the first fallow crops.

Особенности пожароопасного сезона 2022 года в Курганской области

On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the weather conditions, the necessary extinguishing equipment provided and the additional forces and means involvement, the dynamics of the number of forest fires with the area covered during the fire season have been shown in the article. It was established that in 2022, 468 forest fires were recorded in the forest fund of the Kurgan region and their area was 123 709,48 ha. Thanks to the involvement of additional forces and fire extinguishing equipment, despite adverse weather conditions, it was possible to reduce the number of forest fires by 2,8 times compared to 2021 and reduce the number of large fires by 2 times. At the same time, in 2022 an increase in the area covered by fires and the average area of forest fires were recorded. It has been established that in the region there is a tendency to increase the burning of the forests which necessitates more strict control over compliance with fire safety rules. It is recommended to timely introduce a regional emergency mode and more quickly maneuver the fire forces and means. Taking into account that the part of the forest fund part is contaminated with radionuclides as well as swampiness, it is recommended to use aviation forces and means more widely in protecting forests from fires.

The effectiveness of using whole and fermented milk in feeding of young animals

A dairy cattle breeding is one of the main directions of modern animal husbandry all over the world. The state of the industry is of great importance for the economy and food security of our state. The basis of dynamically developing dairy cattle breeding is the rearing of healthy young animals that will be able to realize their genetic potential and give high productivity. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of whole and fermented milk in feeding of heifers. The research was carried out in LLC “Agrofirma Zarya” of the Kurgan region on heifers of Blackand- White breed. The feeding of the calves of the experimental groups was the same, according to the feeding standards. Immediately after calving colostrum were given to the calves on the farm. Drinking the fi rst portion of colostrum was carried out during the fi rst 1,5–2 hours after calving and lasted for 10 days. Then the animals of experimental group were transferred to drinking fermented milk. During the studies the calves of the control group were given whole milk, and the animals of the experimental group received fermented milk. Fermented milk was drunk until the heifers reached a live weight of 84 kg. It was found that the diff erence in live weight between the control and experimental groups of heifers was 3,9 kg at 3 months of age, 11,2 kg (p ≤ 0,05) at 6 months of age, 7,2 kg at 10 months of age, 11,2 kg at 12 months of age in favor of the experimental group. Thus, drinking fermented milk to heifers has advantages over whole milk such as during the period of preweaning rearing, young animals are healthier due to the preliminary splitting of proteins with acid, which minimizes the occurrence of diarrhea in calves, in this regard, the live weight gain of calves increases and their livability improves.

Этнографические материалы о татарах в полевых дневниках Р.Г. Кузеева

The article is devoted to the identification of information about the Tatars in the field diaries of ethnographic expeditions of 1953-1982 by the outstanding Bashkir ethnographer R.G. Kuzeev. The main method of research is comparative historical analysis and systematization of the collected sources. It was established that the materials were collected by scientists in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Kurgan regions at the specified time. Although the main purpose of the expeditions was to study the tribal structure of the Bashkirs, along the way R.G. Kuzeev recorded information on other ethnic groups, including Tatars. The field records of the scientist contain information about the history and ethnography of the Tatars in general, their ethnographic groups – in particular, namely the Kazan Tatars, Mishars and Teptyars. According to the informants, possible places of exodus of Tatars, interethnic contacts with Bashkirs, a complex structure (the presence of ethnic divisions), multiplicity and dynamics of ethnic identity are indicated. The process of Bashkirization of Tatars and Tatarization of Bashkirs in the zones of active ethnic contacts is described. The materials on the formation of the ethnocultural community of Bashkirs and Tatars as a result of joint settlement, economic activity, interethnic marriages are presented. Information about the Tatars contained in the field diaries of R.G. Kuzeeva give the opportunity to use them in the study of the mechanisms of formation of common and preservation of traditional cultures.

The hoard of the Early Iron Age at the settlement of Dianovo-II (Belozersk district of the Kurgan region)

In 2016, in the area of Dianovo village of the Belozersk district of the Kurgan region (West Siberia), a hoard of the Early Iron Age artifacts was found. While examining the area for the identification of structures of the Civil War period, a round-bottomed vessel was accidentally discovered. Inside the container, there was a massive rectangular bronze plate, glass beads, and fragments of jewelry, including bronze strings, bronze plaques in the shape of fish and four-petal plaques strung on leather cords, all wrapped in organic material (felt?). In total, the Dianovo treasure contains 370 ob-jects made of bronze and glass, assembled within a single set, classified as women’s. At present, this is one of very few elements of the women’s costume of the Early Iron Age that have been best preserved in the Southern Trans-Urals. These finds were transferred to the archaeological laboratory of the Kurgan State University, and later the archaeologi-cal survey was carried out at the discovery location by I.A. Spiridonov. The purpose of this research is a typological description of the contents of the hoard, its chronological analysis, and a possible reconstruction of the bronze orna-ment. The main research materials are the container in which the treasure was found — a ceramic round-bottomed vessel, a set of bronze objects that piece together a female (breast?) adornment, a set of glass beads of three types (rounded blue, black (square and rounded) with festoon-like white and yellow pattern), and a massive bronze plate with traces of manufacturing, which probably had the purpose of an ingot. Based on the analysis of the materials, it has been established that the hoard was most likely left by the population of the Gorokhovskaya Culture. This conclusion was made on the basis of the shape and features of the ceramic vessel. This is also supported by the location of the treasure and the general dating of individual items: glass beads of the Black Sea origin have numerous similarities in the sites and are quite clearly dated by these analogues to the 4th–3rd c. BC. The dating of other items of the hoard — elements of the bronze ornament and a bronze ingot-plate is complicated due to the lack of clearly dated analogues or chronological duration of their use. Judging by the composition and carefulness of packing of the items, this hoard ap-parently was of a situational (possibly in the event of an attack) and returnable character.

A complex mineral additive for feeding of steers of Black-and-White breed

The need for minerals is so high that without their additional introduction into the ration it is impossible to ensure the normal growth and development of young animals. The purpose of the research was the use of diff erent doses of a complex mineral additive in the rations of steers in diff erent rearing periods. The research was carried out on steers of Black-and-White breed under the conditions of LLC “Sever” in the Kurtamyshsky district of the Kurgan region. The possibilities of increasing the productivity of steers with the use of a complex mineral additive including 11 mineral components that compensate for the rations of steers for phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt and selenium, which contributes to an increase in live weight and average daily gain of steers. It was found as a result of the conducted studies that feeding the complex mineral additive when rearing of steers together with the main ration in the age period of 6–9 months contributed to a greater increase in live weight by 2,38 and 5,22 kg per head. The average daily gain in live weight of steers during this period in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher by 4,22 and 8,87 %, compared with herdmates of the control group. The live weight of the control group steers at the age of 12 months was 306,25 kg, in the experimental groups 311,40 and 324,10 kg, the superiority was 5,15 and 17,85 kg (p < 0,05). The average daily gain in live weight during the rearing period of 9–12 months in the experimental groups of steers was higher than 3,15 and 14,39 % compared with the steers of the control group.

Preparation of teachers for the organization of early career guidance in a preschool educational organization

The problem and the goal. Early career guidance should begin with preschool age due to the special role of this period for the formation of the foundations of the child's worldview, but its implementation depends on many conditions, a significant role belongs to the readiness of teachers for this activity. The purpose of this article is to study the readiness of teachers to organize early career guidance in a preschool educational organization. Methods. The main method of research was a questionnaire containing questions that determine the understanding by educators of the essence of the problem of early career guidance and the need for its implementation in preschool educational organizations. 78 educators from kindergartens No. 9 "Rosinka" (40 people) and No. 16 "Kolokolchik" (38 people) of the city of Shadrinsk, Kurgan region (Russian Federation) took part in the survey. Results. The majority of kindergarten teachers (71%) are aware of the importance and necessity of early career guidance for children (cognitive component), but only 61.54% of teachers are ready to implement this activity in preschool. Teachers need support from the preschool administration (25.64%), help from parents (23.08%), and their own motivation – 23.08%. 74.36% of educators pointed to the importance of a developing subject-spatial environment in the formation of ideas about the world of professions and adult work, slightly less emphasized the importance of including regular classes with children on early career guidance in the teacher's work plan (61.54%). Teachers also note that they would like to get acquainted with new programs and technologies for early career guidance" (51.28%) and take advanced training courses (33.33%). Conclusion. Teachers carry out some work on early career guidance for preschoolers, however, it is not systemic in nature, but is episodic, and this fact makes it ineffective. At the same time, educators need advanced training, which will allow them to solve professional tasks of organizing early career guidance in a preschool educational organization at a higher level. Keywords: career guidance, teacher training, components of teacher readiness

Поддержка обрабатывающей промышленности Уральского экономического района в условиях санкций

The main feature of modern economic realities, which Russia faced in 2014, is the sanctions pressure applied on the country by leading economic powers. The import substitution policy will ensure the resilience of the domestic economy to the external environment, and one of its sectors that must be supported within the framework of such a policy is the manufacturing industry. This article shows that in order to make a particular sector of the economy independent of import will allow the acceleration of the annual dynamics of investment in fixed capital, for which it is advisable for the authorities to continue to develop special economic zones. It is noted that, at present, there is a lack of these zones on the territory of Ural economic region. By calculating three indicators, namely the localization coefficient in terms of output, the localization coefficient in terms of the number of employees, and the localization intensity coefficient, it was found that Kurgan and Orenburg regions, Perm Krai, and Udmurt Republic need them. And if the Orenburg region and the Perm region have already moved off the dead center, then in the Kurgan region and the Udmurt Republic, such an event did not take place. Based on the situation observed in these regions, it was stated that the status of special economic zones should be assigned to industrial parks located on their territory. This will provide companies that are currently residents of these parks with new tax preferences, which will become a trigger for annual dynamics growth of the volume of investments in fixed assets, and, consequently, for the implementation of the import substitution policy.

A new species of Postumius (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Asian Russia with COI barcode

Female and male of a new species, Postumius asiaticus sp. nov. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) are described from wet soil in the Asian Russia (Kurgan region and Buryatia). A fragment of the COI barcoding gene was sequenced to facilitate DNA-based identification. The genus Postumius Kuznetsov is reported from Asia for the first time. The male is described for the first time in the genus Postumius. A key to species of Postumius is also provided.

Contribution to the fauna of Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Western Siberia, Russia

The fauna of Tydeidae of Western Siberia is reviewed. A total of 27 species from eight genera were found in Tyumen and Kurgan Regions. Two species, Lorryia sibiriensis n. sp. and L. speciosa n. sp. are described as new for science; Lorryia evansi Baker is recorded from Russia for the first time and redescribed based on materials from Tyumen Region; Lorryia paravarsoviensis (Momen and Lundqvist), L. subularoides Kaźmierski, L. arkadiensis Panou and Emmanouel, L. argutus (Kuznetsov and Petrov) n. comb., L. serpettae (Momen and Lundqvist) n. comb., L. szeptyckii (Kaźmierski) n. comb., L. filiformis (Momen and Lundqvist), L. grandiinsignia Kaźmierski, Nudilorryia obsequens Kaźmierski, Paralorryia formosa (André), Calotydeus edwardbakeri (Kaźmierski), Tydeus nieuwkerkeni André, T. spathulatus Oudemans and Metalorryia delicata (Kuznetsov) are recorded in Russia for the first time. After examination of the holotype of Paralorryia formosa Livshitz this species is moved to Nudilorryia. Morphological characters separating two closely related species, Lorryia catenulata (Thor) and L. polita Kuznetsov, are also provided.

Влияние хлорорганических пестицидов на почвенные микроорганизмы

An ecological and microbiological study of the soil cover in the Kurgan region was carried out. The study provided for soil sampling on the territory of the children's camp and the surrounding area. The soil was sampled in spring and autumn from a depth of 0-20 cm . The data obtained in 2015-2017 indicate that the soil cover in the Kurgan region today is still contaminated with organochlorine pesticide. It was found that due to the use of organochlorine pesticide on the territory of the children's camp against the fight against the ixod mite, there was a decrease in the number of nitrifiers. In comparison with the territory behind the camp, where processing was not carried out. The number of microorganisms in the spring period in the control variant in 2015 amounted to 70.0 thousand. CFU/g of soil, in 2016 73.3 thousand CFU/g of soil and in 2017 88.3 thousand CFU/g of soil. And the minimum number according to the options where the territory was processed in 2015 is 4.7 thousand. CFU/g of soil; in 2016, 6.3 thousand CFU/g of soil; in 2017, 6.3 thousand CFU/g of soil. In the soil cover of the studied area, there was a significant decrease in microorganisms under the influence of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Keywords: ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLES, RESIDUAL AMOUNT, SOIL, POLLUTION, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION

Findings of new and rare species of vascular plants in mires of the Urals and the Trans-Urals

The materials of the article contain data on the findings of 30 species of vascular plants from the territory of the Urals and the Trans-Urals. Among them, there are two new species for this territory, one for the Sverdlovsk Region – Phragmites altissimus, and one for the Kurgan Region – Rhinanthus songaricus. The second finding of the alien species Bidens frondosa for the Kurgan Region is reported. An information about the new locality of Liparis loeselii, which is included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, is presented as well, along with the data about the findings of 26 other rare species of vascular plants in the mires of the South Ural region, listed in the Red Data Books of the region. The article makes important additions to the knowledge of the distribution of protected vascular plant species in the study region.

Identification of types of primary school teachers depending on their ethnic culture

Introduction. The ethnoculture of a teacher is the most important factor in the development of intercultural dialogue. The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of ethnoculture among elementary school teachers in the regions of Russia. Research methods. The main method of studying the peculiarities of the ethnoculture of teachers was a semi-structured in-depth interview, implemented in the process of direct communication with primary school teachers of the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Kurgan region (32 teachers), in the future the data were subjected to typological analysis. Results. A feature of the ethno-culture of teachers is the division into types. The typology of teachers, depending on their ethno-culture, includes five types: "keepers of ethno-cultural dialogue" characterizes a deep understanding of the need for intercultural exchange among representatives of different cultures, respect and internal acceptance of national traditions, customs, religious differences; "translator of the ethnoculture of the region" is distinguished by a high degree of manifestation of internal personal attitude to the ethnoculture of the region, an active desire to broadcast personal ethnopedagogical experience; The "admirer of ethnoculture" is respectful and interested in the ethnoculture of the region, but is not ready to broadcast it and actively apply it in the educational process; the "supporter of the unified content of education for all ethnic groups" denies the importance of ethnopedagogization of the educational process of a modern school, and the "disappointed" do not see the point in it. From the previous feature, another characteristic of the ethno–culture of teachers follows – the unevenness of its distribution in the educational space of Russia. Conclusion. Quantitative research methods are not enough to study the ethno-culture of teachers, since ethno-culture is an existential and personal phenomenon, and the emotional and verbal reactions of respondents make it possible to describe those features of the ethno-culture of the teacher that were previously hidden from the researcher. The recorded difference in the positions of teachers in the field of ethnoculture proves the need for comprehensive and targeted work with existing types. It is assumed that the developed typology can be attributed not only to the teachers of Russia, but also to the teachers of the world community.

Productive and biological traits of cows when including in the ration biological additives

At the present stage of the development of animal husbandry the fundamental factor in realizing the genetic potential of dairy productivity and preserving the health of cows is to provide animals with biologically complete feeding. The purpose of the work was to study the infl uence of biotechnological additives in the rations of highly productive cows on their productive and biological traits. The research was carried out in CJSC “Glinki” in the Kurgan region on highly productive cows of Black-and-White breed. The cows of the control group received the basic ration adopted on the farm. In addition to the basic ration the cows of the 1st experimental group were fed a probiotic additive Lactur at a dose of 2 kg/t of concentrated feed, the analogues of the 2nd experimental group were fed a prebiotic additive Acid Lac 3 kg/t of concentrated feed and the cows of the 3rd experimental group were fed together the probiotic additive Lactur 1 kg/t and the prebiotic additive AsidLak 1,5 kg/t of concentrated feed. The paper scientifi cally substantiates and experimentally confi rms the zootechnical and economic feasibility of the complex use of the probiotic additive Lactur and the prebiotic additive AcidLac in the rations of highly productive cows in order to increase their productive and biological traits. The use of biological additives in the rations of highly productive cows as part of concentrated feeds is economically feasible to increase the dairy productivity of cows, reduce the prime-cost of milk and increase the profitability of its production. A particularly positive eff ect was provided by the complex introduction of pro- and prebiotic feed additives into the ration of cows in the dry period and lactating cows, which positively affected their further productive traits during the period of increasing the milk yield and throughout lactation, which was confirmed by the increase in milk yields, fat and protein content in milk.

Tourism in archaeological sites of the trans-Urals region: rethinking the landscape status and heritage regimes

The article discusses the tourist commodification of archaeological sites in the Tobol Trans-Urals region (Tobol’skoe Zaural’e, Russia). The transformation of the region into a taskscape of professional archaeology associated with the urban centers of the Kurgan and Tyumen regions, as well as its tourist development, run by both the state and private business, involves the archaeological heritage of remote territories into the urban economy. This urban expansion is described here from the perspective of landscape negotiation, that is, the narratives and practices of rethinking the territories interpreted as a resource of the new type. This rethinking process involves all social groups claiming a place in the landscape, as well as the landscape itself, modified both in accordance with group ideas about the archaeological heritage (heritage regimes) and in accordance with the challenges generated by intergroup interaction. Based on fieldwork in the Kurgan region and in the south of the Tyumen region, we identify the main groups participating in negotiation on the promotion of the archaeological heritage, and also describe the practices of mutual modification of archaeological sites, which producing landscapes of negotiation.

Institutional context of agricultural cooperatives functioning: regional peculiarities

Relevance. The problem of the dynamic development of agricultural cooperation is again becoming a priority item on the agenda of agricultural producers, politicians and scientists, due to new complexities and challenges of a political, climatic, biological and other nature. One of its points is the assessment of the quality of the institutional environment for the functioning of agrarian cooperatives, in connection with which the purpose of the study presented in the article is the review and analysis of its content, moreover, taking into account the existing regional characteristics. Methods. To study and assess the state of formal and informal institutions that favor or restrict the activities of cooperatives, the work uses qualitative and quantitative survey and analytical methods (in particular, formal-logical, historical, cultural, comparative) and corresponding tools. At the same time, the empirical base was made up of statistical information from Rosstat and its regional body (Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region), as well as materials obtained as a result of sociological surveys, including in-depth interviews with agricultural producers (actual and potential participants in cooperation). Results. The main results of the study include theoretical and applied (rigorously verified) generalizations regarding: (1) the directions and degree of influence of the institutional environment on the success of agricultural cooperatives, (2) the possibilities of transforming the institutional environment in a positive direction for cooperation, (3) options for coordinated changes in formal and informal institutions for the formation of positive trends in the development of agricultural cooperation. The main conclusion is that, while informal institutions, being conservative and immobile, significantly impede the rapid and effective formation of agricultural cooperatives in the Russian Federation, it is the formal environment, which has great potential for timely adaptation, that is able to neutralize some of the serious obstacles to successful evolution of cooperative practices in agricultural sector.

The necessity to improve melioration in agriculture in order to increase crop yields in regions suffering from draughts

Relevance . The modern development of agriculture in the Russian Federation is constrained by the problems of global climate change, which is expressed in the occurrence of frequent droughts that have a negative impact on grain production. In recent years, frequent droughts have begun to overcome previously unusual territories of the Ural Federal District, which includes the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. In these regions, it is suggested to develop land melioration programs to support irrigation initiatives of the main grain-producing regions for the sake of maintaining stable crops and preserving land fertility. Methods . In the course of the study, a combination of analytical and statistical methods was used, as well as an analysis of regulatory legal acts in order to substantiate recommendations for improving the modern meliorative system in Russia for the purpose of agricultural land productivity growth. Statistical data on gross yields and productivity of the main crops in the Ural Federal District were studied using Rosstat data. The state of reclaimed lands was analyzed according to Rosreestr. The main legislative acts of the Government of Russia on the development of land reclamation until 2031 were analyzed. Results . This study showed that there are not enough projects for the development of land melioration in the Ural Federal District. The current state of the lands used for irrigation is considered as unsuitable for use. It is proposed to amend Decree of the Government of Russia № 731 and publish data on reclamation facilities planned to be put into circulation until 2031.