Fertilizer efficiency on wheat crops in the northwestern zone of the Kurgan region

Abstract

The results of long-term (1968-2021) experiment on the use of fertilizers for the 10th and 11th rotations of grain and fallow crop rotation in the experimental field of the Kurgan region are presented. Crop rotation included fallow and three crops of wheat. Fertilizer efficiency varied depending on the combination of the nutrients, the place of wheat in the rotation, and the moisture conditions of the growing season. Moderate effect of phosphorus fertilizer and high effect of nitrogen fertilizer on heavy loamy leached chernozem of the experimental field in these rotations was observed on the crops distant from the fallow. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers gave a higher yield increase. Nitrogen fertilizer also had a positive effect on the quality of wheat, increasing the gluten content and the thousand-kernel weight. With the increase of gluten accumulation in wheat grain against the background of nitrogen fertilizer, the repeatability of wheat quality compliance with the requirements for the 3rd class of grain increased. The effect of fertilizers and the duration of their application on the agrochemical properties of soil became visible. The content of mobile nutrients, humus, total nitrogen and phosphorus increased more noticeably with the use of fertilizers, but the рНsan value decreased. High economic efficiency related to nitrogen fertilizer applied on the second and third wheat after fallow with a payback of 1 kg of nitrogen 12-19 kg of grain. The effect of phosphorus fertilizer was moderate, since the content of mobile Р2О5 in the topsoil remained high. The use of ammophos had a stronger effect on the yield of wheat when the plants were well supplied with nitrogen in the first fallow crops.