Kurgan Region Research Articles

Assessment of Prospects for Sustainable Cross‐Border Cooperation of the Russian Post‐Virgin Regions of the Urals and Siberia with the Republic of Kazakhstan

Aim. Comprehensive assessment of the stability of cross‐border cooperation between the Russian steppe regions of the Urals and Siberia and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the fields of foreign trade and migration. To achieve the goal, a model has been developed to assess the prospects for sustainable cross‐border interaction of the Russian steppe regions of the Urals and Siberia with the Republic of Kazakhstan.The research conducted using the methodology developed made it possible to identify the problems of cross‐border interaction of Russian steppe regions with the Republic of Kazakhstan. Against the background of a decrease in general mobility of the population of the Russian steppe regions, the share of those who left for the Republic of Kazakhstan among the total number of those who left abroad had a positive trend during the period analysed in the vast majority of steppe regions of the Russian Federation. In five of the eight regions considered, the interaction is characterized as "stable" and "steady", "unstable" interaction in the field of migration only in the Altai Territory.The Tyumen Region was the leader in terms of the share in the country's export‐import operations among the steppe regions of the Russian Federation for 2015–2021. In the period under review, foreign trade turnover had a stimulating effect on the economy of the Chelyabinsk region, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Novosibirsk region. At the same time, the most active foreign trade activity with the Republic of Kazakhstan was observed in the Altai Territory and Omsk and Kurgan regions. Stable cross‐border cooperation in the field of foreign trade with the Republic of Kazakhstan is only in place in the Kurgan region.

On the genetic diversity and protoconch variability of snails of the genus Caspiohydrobia Starobogatov, 1970 (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae)

The genus Caspiohydrobia belongs to the less-known taxa of the family Hydrobiidae. According to a conchologically-based system, developed in the 1970-1980s by Yaroslav I. Starobogatov and his co-authors, the genus includes around 30 living species. However, the most recent data based on molecular evidence indicate that most (if not all) of these morpho-species should be considered junior synonyms of a widely distributed species, Ecrobia grimmi. However, the vast majority of nominal species described in the genus Caspiohydrobia have never been reassessed by molecular taxonomic methods. In this work, the genetic diversity of Caspiohydrobia spp. was studied based on a large sample taken in Lake Elanach in the Kurgan region (Trans-Urals, Russia). Conchological analysis made it possible to identify 7 nominal species of the genus Caspiohydrobia in the sample, whereas genetically all the studied individuals were the same, sharing a single COI haplotype. A phylogenetic tree of Ecrobia spp. has shown that all studied genetically specimens of Caspiohydrobia (including newly sequenced ones) forms a separate cluster on a cladogram, which can be identified as Ecrobia grimmi s. lato. However, a higher genetic diversity was revealed in a population of Caspiohydrobia spp., from a lake adjacent to the Caspian Sea (West Kazakhstan). Distinct morphotypes in the structure of the protoconch were found in samples of Caspiohydrobia spp. from the Caspian and Aral Seas. Although the characteristics of the protoconch (size, sculpture) do not give grounds to distinguish ‘good’ species within the group, the genetic and morphological diversity described in this work makes it possible to assume the ongoing microevolutionary processes within the discussed group and, possibly, the existence of young (incipient) species in Central Asia. Based on the study of the morphology of the protoconch, it has been suggested that the development of molluscs of the genus Caspiohydrobia (= Ecrobia, partim) can include the free-swimming larval stage; this hypothesis is, however, not supported by other evidence and needs to be carefully verified.

DYULA MESA ROSH AND HIS BASHKIR COLLECTION AT THE HUNGARIAN ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM

In 1909, the Hungarian scientist Gyula Meszaros visited the Bashkirs and collected a unique ethnographic collection. His research took place on the actual territory of the districts Baymak, Abzelilovsky of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Kurgan region, and the Perm region. The trip, which was initially organized to collect information confirming the Bashkir-Hungarian kinship, did not achieve its goal, since Meszaros, after three months of work, came to the conclusion that there were no ethnic ties between the two nations. However, his collection which is now kept in the Ethnographic Museum of Budapest is one of the most valuable sources in the study of the ethnography of the Bashkirs. It consists of household items, household facilities, clothing of the Bashkirs, as well as unique photographs illustrating the life of the Bashkir nomads of the early 20th century.

Hematological parameters of lactating cows when use the feed additives Live protein and Tanrem Sh

The purpose of the research was to study the hematological parameters of lactating cows when use the feed additives Live protein and Tanrem Sh. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out at the breeding farm of Razliv LLC in the Kurgan region on 30 matured lactating cows of Blackand- White breed. Animals were selected into groups using the analog method, taking into account age, live weight, calving date, and productivity. The experiment was carried out during 2022–2023. Analyzing changes in individual blood parameters, a tendency towards an increase in erythrocytes in the experimental groups by 14.62–14.82 % was observed, compared to the control group). At the same time,erythrocytes in animals of the experimental groups were more saturated with hemoglobin. For example, if in the control group the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes was at the level of 92.03 g/l, then in the experimental groups its quantity was 101.16–11.44 g/l or 9.92–10.22 % higher. The content of leukocytes in all groups was from 7.55 to 8.19×109/l, with the maximum permissible value of 12.0×109/l. The content of lymphocytes in animals of the experimental and control groups did not have large deviations and was from 4.58 to 5.08×109/l with the norm from 2.5 to 7.5×109/l. Eosinophils are an indicator of allergic processes. Their content was also within the permissible norms and was from 7.50 to 8.90 %. Thus, the inclusion of the additives Live protein and Tanrem Sh in the ration of lactating cows had a positive eff ect on hematological parameters. The increase in the number of erythrocytes with increased hemoglobin saturation compared to the control group indicates more intensive metabolic processes in the animals’ bodies.

EXPRESS ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION AS A TOOL FOR OPERATIONAL FORECASTING OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION

The issue of improving the quality of life of the population of Russian regions is relevant for a number of reasons: the need to achieve a decent standard of living of the population, comparable to the level of developed countries and leading regions of the Russian Federation; taking into account the peculiarities of regional development; objective restrictions in people’s lives caused by crisis development factors, including epidemic waves, sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries, etc. For operational management influence, a tool is needed that would ensure constant monitoring of the quality of life of the population, the level and dynamics of its changes. However, today, existing methods for assessing the quality of life are a labor-­intensive and time-consuming scientific task with a large number of indicators. The purpose of this study is to substantiate environmental and economic security as a predictor of the quality of life of the population of the region and to develop an express method for assessing the level of its provision. In the work, the authors used such methods as analysis and synthesis of scientific information, an index method for assessing the key components of the environmental and economic security of the region based on subindices. The results of the study substantiate the essence of the ecological and economic security of the region as a predictor of the quality of life of the population, which is the ability of the regional ecological and economic system to maintain its current state and the possibility of development under the influence of external or internal influences, including man-made ones, and also to function without changing its own structure and be in balance to ensure the normal functioning of the population of the region. Based on the index method for assessing the key components of the region’s environmental and economic security, the values for three subindices (sustainability, stability and technogenicity) were determined, as well as the integral index of environmental and economic security of the regions of the Ural Federal District, which were divided into two groups for correct comparison, from 2017 to 2021, the leading regions were identified (Yamalo-­Nenets Autonomous Okrug, II (2021) = 0.743; Kurgan region, II (2021) = 0.508) and outsider regions (Khanty-­Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — ​Yugra, II (2021) = 0.475; Sverdlovsk Region, II (2021) = 0.391).

Migration of Nitrate Nitrogen by Soil Profile

In the leached low-humus medium loamy chernozem of the central zone of the Kurgan region, losses of nitrate nitrogen through leaching with precipitation down the soil profile were noted. Losses increased with the use of increased doses of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as in variants with unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers.

Features of the accumulation of pollutants in plant feed and their translocation into the milk of cows

One of the sources of toxic substances entering the human body may be a valuable food product as milk. The intensity of exposure of ecotoxicants to milk of cows is determined by a number of factors, among which the main one is feed. The purpose of the research was to study the characteristics of the accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides in plant feed, and their translocation from rations of cows into milk. The research was carried out in agricultural enterprises of the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region. In order to obtain the most complete information about the degree of contamination of the studied objects, the area was divided into fi ve zones taking into account the geographical location such as northern (Peschanskoye village), southern (Sukhoborskoye village), western (Beloyarskoye village), eastern (Petrovskoye village) and central (Chumlyak village) zone. The content of heavy metals in the feed and milk of cows was determined such as copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and radionuclides such as strontium-90 and cesium-137. The features of the accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides depending on the type of feed as well as the dependence of the concentration of toxic substances in the ration on their amount in feed have been established. Regression equations have been calculated to predict changes in the concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides in the daily ration depending on their content in feed. The coeffi cients of translocation of heavy metals and radionuclides from the ration into the milk of cows during the stall and pasture periods were determined, which showed the absence of a connection between the presence of ecotoxicants in feed and milk. The maximum degree of contamination of rations was observed in the northern zone. The dependence of the concentration of toxic substances in the ration on their amount in feed has been established. No relation was found between the content of heavy metals and radionuclides in the rations and milk of cows. As the toxicity of the ration increased, the transfer coeffi cient of ecotoxicants decreased. During the pasture period, the transition coeffi cient was higher than during the stall period. The obtained research results would make it possible to regulate the intake of toxic elements into livestock products by selecting the components of the ration.

Финансирование промышленных парков

In the article, the authors address the issue of financing industrial parks. The authors of the article point out the need to provide subsidies for the creation of technology and industrial parks only to regions with a low level of socio-economic development, with mandatory private co-financing. The authors indicate that industrial parks, within the framework of the provided federal budget funds, will receive funding from 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the creation of 14 parks for a total amount of 5,7 billion rubles. The purpose of the study is to provide ready-made infrastructure, which is a way to stimulate the development of new industrial projects. The article discusses the experience of the creators of industrial infrastructure. The authors consider five projects that took the top positions in the funding ranking: Kurgan region (industrial park “Stalmontazh”), Republic of Karelia (technopark “Onezhsky”), Republic of Khakassia (industrial park “Tasheba”), Novgorod region (industrial technology park “Transvit”), Altai Territory (industrial technology park “Component”). As a result of the implementation of the event, it is planned to create at least 20 industrial parks and technology parks by 2024, which will accommodate at least 150 residents and create 1,5 thousand jobs. The volume of investments of management companies in the implementation of new projects in 2023–2024 will be at least 3 billion rubles. The newly created areas of these parks accommodate at least 680 residents, who have created more than 9 thousand jobs. The article discusses an example of launching production using the example of industrial parks in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The implementation of the group’s strategy continues to develop industrial competence centers specializing in the localization of key technological solutions. For the Sollers and UAZ model range, localization of power units will ensure increased competitiveness and increased production volumes.

Requirements and principles of designing online course for students with disabilities in the modern digital space of the university: theoretical analysis

Introduction. In the present, the issues of digitalization of education continue to form the agenda of leading international organizations (UN, UNESCO). It is recognized that the use of digital technologies makes it possible to diversify the means of involvement in the learning process, taking into account existing differences in individual educational needs. It was also noted that there is still a problem of the lack of clear guidelines for the implementation of technologies in practice, which determines the relevance of issues of the quality of digital content in terms of its accessibility, compliance with various educational needs, including those with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to identify the key requirements and principles for designing an online course for students with disabilities in the modern digital space of the university. Materials and methods. Methods of analysis, synthesis, extrapolation, and document analysis were used in the study. The systematic approach allowed us to formulate an important methodological principle of the relationship between the requirements and conditions put forward for the design of online courses for students of different groups with disabilities. To achieve this goal, we relied on the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation on the accessibility and quality of the digital educational environment for people with disabilities, data from the NAFI analytical center on the assessment of the level of digital competencies for the period from 2018 to 2022. As one of the examples, we relied on a study conducted among students and graduates with disabilities in a number of universities in the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. Results. Debatable issues in the light of the digitalization of the university still remain: the predominantly formal nature of the creation of digital environments, their demand in the educational space, taking into account the individual needs of target groups, etc. The research problem consists in explication of general approaches and requirements, principles of designing online courses for students with disabilities in the context of the development of the modern digital space of the university, which will allow creating (correcting) a universal constructor of such an educational resource that ensures the implementation of the educational route for students inclusively. The article shows that when designing an online course, the following conditions must be taken into account: technological, psychological and pedagogical, organizational and methodological. Of course, special attention should be paid to providing methodological requirements for the development of content by users with hearing and vision impairments. This should be reflected in the structure of the organization of educational content. It is necessary to take into account the psychological and pedagogical features of such a contingent of users. Conclusion. We believe that the immediate tasks in designing online courses for students with disabilities at the university, taking into account the digitalization of the educational space of the university, will be: conceptualization of the digital educational space of the university, taking into account the principles of universal design; regulatory and legal support of the process of integrating online resources into the educational environment of the university; methodological support and content filling.

Infl uence of feeding carbohydrate feed additives on the productivity of cows and the quality of milk

Many studies have proven that the genetic potential of animals is realized with proper feeding and this cannot be achieved without the use of biologically active feed additives. The purpose of the research was to use the additives Living Protein and Tanrem Sh with hepatoprotective properties in the rations of lactating cows in the fi rst 100 days of lactation. The scientifi c and farm experiment was carried out at the breeding farm of Razliv LLC in the Kurgan region on 30 mature lactating cows of Black-and-White breed. The experiment was carried out in 2022–2023. New generation additives Living Protein and Tanrem Sh combining nutritional and hepatoprotective properties help increase milk production in the fi rst 100 days of lactation. Feeding the additives to lactating cows at 500 g/head/day contributed to an increase in milk production in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Thus, in the fi rst 100 days of lactation the milk yield of natural fat milk in cows of the 1st experimental group exceeded that of their herdmates in the control group by 310,0 kg or 11,75 % and the milk yield of cows of the 2nd experimental group was higher than the control group by 342,5 kg or 12,98 %. In terms of 4 % milk, the milk yield of cows in the experimental groups receiving the test additives was higher by 375,2 kg and 428,0 kg, which exceeded the milk yield of cows in the control group by 14,38 and 16,40 %, respectively. The inclusion of feed additives in the ration also had a positive eff ect on the fat and protein content in the milk of cows in the experimental groups. Thus, in the 1st experimental group the advantage in the mass fraction of fat compared to the control group was 0,16 abs.%, and protein 0,04 abs.%, and in the 2nd experimental group the superiority was 0,21 and 0,08 abs.%, respectively. Milk indicators for the content of somatic cells and Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms have improved.

The effectiveness of sulfonylurea-based herbicides against dicotyledonous weed species on spring wheat crops in the Southern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

The effectiveness of chemical treatment differs significantly depending on the region and the types of weeds. In this regard, in the Kurgan region in 2018-2020, a comparative assessment of preparations based on sulfonylureas in spring wheat crops was carried out to identify the application features in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences -of the branch of the FSNSI UrFARC UrB RAS as part of the grain-fallow crop rotation. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of sulfonylurea-based herbicides in spring wheat crops for the control of dicotyledonous perennial and young weed species. The main task was to determine the herbicide that most completely suppresses weed vegetation and has a positive effect on yield. According to the research results, a good effectiveness of weed control at the level of 74-76% was noted in preparations based on metsulfuronmethyl 10 g/ha, as well as in a mixture of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron methyl 12 g/ha. A 64-69% reduction in the mass of weeds was obtained using the tribenuron-methyl and florasulam 30 g/ha variant. The weakest control of weeds was detected in the variant with tribenuronmethyl 20 g/ha (biological efficiency 57%). The tested drugs provided yield increases of +19-24% to the control level.

Сборник духовных стихов начала XX века: штрихи к портрету составителя

The article examines the content and decoration of the Old Believer eschatological Miscellany from the early 20th century, preserved in a private collection (Yurgamysh, Kurgan region). The compiler and designer of the Miscellany, as well as the author of small textual inserts, is one person, a member of the Pomor Old Believer community Amply Zakharovich Polynskikh, who lived in the village of Kamagan (Chelyabinsk region) in the first half of the 20th century. The compiler of the Miscellany tried to set out the Christian doctrine’s main positions on the Last Judgment and to show the way to the salvation of believers. For this purpose, he selected spiritual verses thematically and outlined his own understanding of the truth of faith, accompanying the texts by expressive graphic additions in the form of headpieces, endings, initials, two-color author's miniatures, as well as a set of colorful miniatures, probably taken from another Miscellany. This talentedly designed and well-compiled Miscellany is a variant of combining explanations of the “true faith’s” provisions, moralizing texts with a demonstration of a person’s moral choice and responsibility for everything that happens in life. In addition, the Miscellany is a historical source, which, thanks to the author’s notes, reflects the biography of a particular person, an Old Believer with his own interesting outlook on life, faith, the topic of salvation, etc. Numerous economic and memorial records provide an opportunity to see the private fate of a person of a certain occupation, with creative potential and artistic aspirations. The value of the Miscellany lies in the fact that it is both a talentedly constructed text with pictorial elements of decorative design, and an expressive historical source. It provides a window into a picture of life, occupations, and spiritual aspirations of the Old Believer community of the Ural region of the first half of the 20th century.

Социокультурная типология конструкта «советский человек»

The article presents the socio-cultural typology of the construct “Soviet man” based on the analysis of the value system of the Soviet period. The construct “Soviet man” is analyzed within the framework of three approaches: political, cultural-anthropological and generational. The authors identify the meaningful elements of the “Soviet man” construct: ideological, emotional and behavioral, in accordance with which the typology is carried out. An empirical study of the value system of a “Soviet person” is based on a review of the unique personal archive of a “Soviet person”, a generalization of interviews of Russians aged 60 and older living in the Kurgan region in 1960–1990 (N = 72), an analysis of the results of a mass survey (N = 715) of elderly respondents (Kurgan, Chel- yabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen region). The data obtained allow us to see that the “Soviet man” is a complex and differentiated construct of the 1960–1980s, his stability is largely due to the values thanks to which he continues to exist and influence the choice of individuals in various life situations.

Increasing Information Transparency of the Results of a Regional Export Project in the Urals Federal District

The influence of information on the activities of the authorities is increasing. The problem of the low popularity of the national project "International Cooperation and Export" remains. The purpose of the article is to generalize the theory and develop a methodology for assessing the information transparency of the results of the regional project "Systemic measures for the development of international cooperation and exports" of the regions of the Ural Federal District and to develop applied recommendations. The author has developed signs of information transparency: relevance (relevance, focus, timeliness),sufficiency (completeness, structuring) of information. A program of research and methodological tools for score assessment based on content analysis of government websites and open sources has been developed. The applied signifi cance lies in the systematization of the economic practice of information transparency in the regions of the Ural Federal District. The most significant problem is the lack of linking information with the approved project results. The value of the information relevance subindex (from 0.11 points in the Kurgan Region to 2.50 points in the Tyumen Region) and the information sufficiency subindex (from 0.02 points in the Sverdlovsk Region to 2.22 points in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) were calculated. Practical recommendations have been developed for the authorities: relevance and focus, reliability of information, comparability of planned and actual values, structuring and detailing of information. The obtained principles of information relevance can be used as a basis for the development of appropriate standards for the provision of information.

Промысел и состояние запасов гаммарид в озерах Курганской области в 2000-2022 годах

Gammarids are a type of biological resources, the exploitation of which in Western Siberia has been successfully continuing for the second century. The catch of gammarids per unit area, the dynamics of biomass and their ratio in the lakes of the Kurgan region in the period 2000-2022 are considered. The trend of decline in commercial stocks of gammarids in recent years (2019-2022) compared with the period 2000-2015 is traced, the dynamics of catch is presented. The possibility of the impact of fishing on the reduction of stocks is discussed, it is proposed to change the procedure for submitting forecasts of the recommended catch of gammarids in inland waters in order to preserve and long-term operation of their stocks.

Influence of targeted protein-vitamin-mineral concentrates on the beef traits of steers of different breeds

Currently, research is relevant to the development and testing of recipes for proteinvitamin- mineral concentrates (PVMC) based on extruded soybeans and synthetic nitrogen-containing substances, which allows optimizing the protein and mineral nutrition of animals. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of targeted PVMC on meat productivity and beef quality of steers of diff erent breeds in the Kurgan region. The eff ect of PVMC on meat productivity was studied on steers of Black-and-White and Aberdeen-Angus breeds. For this purpose, three groups were formed in each breed, which included 15 heads of steers aged 12 months. The steers of the control group were fed PVMC -65, the steers of the 1st experimental group were fed the experimental PVMC-65K, and the 2nd experimental group were fed PVMC-65KB at 200 g per 100 kg of live weight. Feeding targeted PVMC-65KB had a positive eff ect on the meat productivity of steers. Over 150 days of fattening, the live weight of steers of Black-and-White breed was 8,9 % higher, and steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed was 6,1 % higher compared to the control herdmates. The slaughter yield for steers of the experimental groups received PVMC-65KB was 53,7 % for steers of Black-and-White breed and 57,3 % for steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed, which was 1,62 and 1,56 abs.% more than their herdmates from control groups. The proportion of muscle tissue in the experimental groups of steers received PVMC-65KB was higher by 1,73 abs.% in Black-and-White and by 2,37 abs.% in Aberdeen-Angus compared to control herdmates. It was found that optimization of feeding of steers stimulated muscle raising in animals of the experimental groups, in the same time in the control group at this age the deposition of adipose tissue had already begun.

Strategic Directions for the Development of Institutional Management Mechanisms and Adaptation of the Population of the Region to Them

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the tools for developing regional directions for the development of institutional management mechanisms and adaptation of the population to them based on the strategic priorities of the state. The problem of working out strategic directions for the development of the region is connected with the differences, peculiarities and capabilities of each territory of the country. The adoption of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2020 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030” required changing the regional goals and directions of territorial development. The relevance of the study is related to the aggravation of socio-demographic problems that negatively affect the well-being and health of people, labor efficiency and entrepreneurship, and the adaptation of the population to modern threats. Hypothesis – the effectiveness of strategic directions for the development of institutional mechanisms for managing the region and adapting the population to them is proposed to be carried out on the basis of balance sheet structures.Methods: balance method, index method, structural method, comparative estimates and methodology of official statistics.Results. The main strategic directions for the development of institutional management mechanisms of the subsidized region have been worked out, which include: preservation of the population, health and well-being of people; accelerated development of the militaryindustrial complex and the agro-food system; creation of a comfortable and safe environment for life, successful entrepreneurship and digital transformation. The theoretical scheme of strategic directions of economic development based on the balance of interests of employees and employers is substantiated. Based on the assessment of the state of the regional economy of the Kurgan region, strategic directions of economic development for the period up to 2030 are substantiated.Conclusion. The advantage of this approach is the ability to take into account the peculiarities and differences in the functioning of management mechanisms and adaptation to them of the population of the country’s regions. Strategic directions of the region’s development will allow organizing further research to solve the problems of population reproduction, quality of life and sustainability of the functioning of the economy, in the long term to determine the effective and negative factors affecting the living conditions of people.

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ РАКА ЛЕГКИХ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В КУРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Current. The level of primary morbidity, prevalence and mortality of the male and female population of the Russian Federation from lung cancer remains high, despite the measures taken to prevent population and improve the organization of cancer care. A significant impact on the level of these indicators is caused by a decrease in the number and aging of the population. The population of many territories has risk factors for the development of the disease, socio-economic problems leading to late diagnosis, restrictions on the availability of specialized medical care due to a shortage of personnel in the healthcare system. The aim of the study is to estimate the dynamics of primary morbidity and mortality of the population of the Kurgan region from lung cancer over the past decade with the definition of the features of providing specialized medical care to patients and prospects for further work and improvement. Materials and methods. The information materials of the Federal Statistical Observation, the Unified State Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of the Federal State Statistics Service were used. The dynamics of morbidity and mortality from lung cancer over the past 10 years has been traced. The results of the study. The level of morbidity and mortality of the population of the Kurgan region with lung cancer over the past 10 years has remained high; in comparison with the average Russian values, it exceeded those by 20-25%; some positive trends have been identified, but they are still insufficient in comparison with the all-Russian indicators and have not reached a solution in the goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The measures introduced aimed at combating oncological diseases have outlined positive trends in the early diagnosis of the disease and the reduction of mortality from it. High levels of morbidity and mortality in the studied region of the Russian Federation require the search for their individual causes, and the improvement of the health care system.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ВЫРАВНИВАНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ, СЫРЬЕВЫХ, АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ РЕГИОНОВ (на примере Уральского федерального округа)

The Russian Federation, which is a federal state, is characterized by a high degree of diff erentiation of federal districts, within the districts themselves — regions in terms of the level of socio-economic development. The reasons for the uneven socio-economic development of the regions lie in varying degrees of provision with a resource and raw material base, historically developed infrastructure, natural and climatic conditions, customs and traditions of the indigenous population, its mentality and other factors of an objective nature. Ultimately, all of the above forms the social conditions of life of the population, which eventually lead to an increase in the differentiation of regions in terms of the level of development: rich regions can accumulate their own resources for their development, while poor regions will need much more time and eff ort. Social diff erentiation, together with territorial fragmentation, poses a clear threat to national strengthening within the country and in the international arena. Agro-industrial, industrial and raw materials (export oriented) regions are no exception. The purpose of the study is to establish the diff erences between the regions of the Ural Federal District in the level of socio-economic development and quality of life. The study is based on the materials of the rating conducted by the rating agency RIA Rayting / Russia Today on the basis of offi cial data from Rosstat, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Research method — in the course of the study, cognitive methods were used: analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison, correlation, logical, tabular, etc. The study found that there is a relationship between the level of socio-economic development and quality of life: a high level of development and quality of life provide raw material regions, the outsider in the ranking is the agro-industrial region (Kurgan region). The practical signifi cance of the study is that its results can be used in practice in the development of regional social policy.

SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE TRANS-URALS REGION

Data on the influence of weather conditions, varieties, predecessors, soil cultivation, and mineral nutrition on soybean yield compared with spring wheat are presented. The research was conducted in short-term (two years) and stationary field experiments (eight years) on leached chernozem soils in the central natural zone of the Kurgan region. In the ecological trial, Siberian (SibNIISK-315, Sibiryachka) and European (Bilyavka) selection soybean varieties were tested in favourable hydrotechnical conditions in 2019, with good soil moisture (predecessor fallow), providing productivity potential at the level of 2.00 – 2.23 t/ ha. With a similar cultivation technology and unfavourable natural factors in 2020, a slight yield advantage was observed for the SibNIISK-315 variety (1.77 t/ha compared to 1.60 t/ha for Sibiryachka and 1.72 t/ha for Bilyavka). The Sibiryachka soybean variety stood out for its grain protein content (35.4%). The yield and grain quality data of these varieties can be considered promising for the conditions of the Trans-Urals region. Cultivating the SibNIISK-315 soybean variety as a second crop after fallow in arid years (ETC 0.3 – 0.6) allowed for successful drought resistance, with soybeans yielding at 1 t/ha. Spring wheat in these years yielded no more than 0.68 t/ha. Under sufficient moisture conditions (ETC 1.0–1.2), soybean yield for ploughing was 1.42–1.78 t/ha, and surface treatment was 1.33–1.66 t/ha. A positive effect on outcome was noted with small doses of nitrogen fertilisers – 10 and 20 kg of active substance per hectare of crop rotation area. With relatively equal yields, surface treatment is a less costly option. Traditional crop rotation (fallow – three years – wheat) and crop rotation with soybeans (fallow – wheat – soybeans – wheat) during the years of research (2015 – 2022) showed similar productivity. Still, higher grain production profitability was achieved in the crop rotation with soybeans: 58.1% compared to 35.8%.