Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Station Research Articles

ЭТНИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ДИВНОГОРСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОКРУГА В 1970–1989 гг.

The paper examines the dynamics of changes in the ethnic composition of the population of two settlements of the Divnogorsk urban District: Divnogorsk itself and the workers' village of Ovsyanka in the period from 1970 to 1989 based on census materials of the corresponding years. Divnogorsk and the Divnogorsk urban District appeared in the Krasnoyarsk Region in 1963. Their emergence was associated with the construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station. Its construction was truly of an all-Union nature. The construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, like Divnogorsk, was called an all-Union project, so it was assumed that specialists from all over the country took part in it. But, despite this, according to the 1970 census, the majority of the population, both in the city of Divnogorsk and in the working-class village of Ovsyanka, considered themselves Russians, followed in number by Ukrainians, Belarusians and Germans. Over the next 26 years, the structure of the local population has undergone virtually no changes. The most noticeable dynamics was the increase in the proportion of Russians in relation to all other ethnic groups, which was a consequence of the development of mixed marriages, the children of which most often identified themselves as Russians, who were perceived in the eyes of society as the titular Soviet nation. Moreover, according to the 1989 census, the proportion of the Russian population in Divnogorsk was even higher than the average for the Krasnoyarsk Region, which destroys the idea of an all-Union construction project.

РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ВЛАСТИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ г. ДИВНОГОРСКА В 1962–1980 гг.

The paper, based on materials from the state archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region, analyzes the development of the system of power and governance in Divnogorsk in the period from 1962 to 1980. Divnogorsk appeared in the Krasnoyarsk Region as a settlement serving the needs and requirements of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station under construction. In the first years, as a settlement for hydraulic construction workers, it was subordinate to the Kirovsky district of Krasnoyarsk. With the acquisition of city status, the need arose to develop its own administrative governance system. According to the authors, the created administrative governance system generally coincided with that adopted in the country, but with minor features. Thus, the leadership of the city in the Soviet period included the governing bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the city Council of Workers' Deputies (Council of People's Deputies), and the City Committee of the Communist Party. An active role in the life of the city was played by the Komsomol organization, trade unions, bodies of people's control, as well as a wide range of the public, involved in resolving various issues. The most important issues for the city during the period under review were issues of housing and communal services of the city, its improvement, issues of social security of the population, cultural and educational development. Since the city was built primarily to service the construction of a hydroelectric power station, the main task of the authorities and governance was to manage the economic activities of the construction site.

Experience of breeding char (genus Salvelinus) under industrial fish harvedy farming conditions

Of undoubted interest is the introduction into the aquaculture of the region of such a species native to the basins of the Kara and Laptev seas as the Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (L.). A number of biological features of this species give special relevance to the prospects of the char as an object of aquaculture. The purpose of the work is experimental research and experience in breeding Arctic char using the example of the freshwater form of char on the Taimyr Peninsula. Information provided. Objectives: to study the conditions of keeping, feeding and growth characteristics of freshwater char when kept in cages on the Yenisei River. The object of the study was the freshwater form of char of the Taimyr Peninsula of generations 2021–2022. The study was carried out at two sites of Maltat LLC (Balahtinsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, fish breeding farm in the city of Divnogorsk near the dam of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station) and at the Department of Breeding, Genetics, Biology and Aquatic Bioresources of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. Environmental conditions, growth characteristics, growth rate and waste (mortality) were determined. When growing, granulated feed produced by Coppens were used. It has been shown that the weight of fish during cage rearing is higher than that of loaches from their native range. The growth rate of fish is minimal in January (about 2%), maximum in June-July. Freshwater char during cage cultivation on artificial feeds in the lower reaches of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station shows high weight growth characteristics exceeding those of fish from native habitats. Thus, research has confirmed the feasibility of factory reproduction of freshwater char from reservoirs of the Taimyr Peninsula in cages on the Yenisei River.

Краевые архивные источники по истории молодого города на примере Дивногорска Красноярского края

The article presents a review of the corpus of documents of the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, related to the history of Divnogorsk. The town was founded by the authorities as a settlement serving the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station in 1963. Divnogorsk is one of the many young industrialised small towns which appeared in the USSR during the next round of industrial modernisation. Its peculiarity is the close connection to the regional centre. Divnogorsk is a part of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. Due to the high role of the town in the economic plans and projects of the Krasnoyarsk region development, its history is reflected not only in the town archive, but also in the documents of the regional archive collection to a great extent. A considerable part of them has not yet been put into scientific circulation. The corpus of documents related to Divnogorsk is quite complicated and chaotic. It is represented by neither one fund in particular but scattered over many others. All the materials about the town can be divided into two groups. Firstly, these are funds entirely dedicated to and related to Divnogorsk and businesses located there. These are mainly collections of party and Soviet organizations of Divnogorsk. Due to the fact that the town was a relatively small settlement, these materials reflect data on various aspects of life and development of small industrial town in Siberia. This group includes the fonds of the Divnogorsk town committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, primary party organizations of the CPSU institutions in Divnogorsk (the town's building and transport departments, the executive committee of the town council, the town committee, the low voltage plant, the housing and utilities office, the court and prosecutor's offices, and educational institutions); the fonds of the town's Komsomol organizations, and state and party control agencies. The second group comprises the fonds of the township-wide fonds, which contain information on the socio-economic development of the township. The second group includes the fonds of Krasnoyarskgesstroy Construction Directorate, Krasnoyarsk Region Planning Commission, and the local branch of the Federal State Statistics Service in Krasnoyarsk Region. The use of the krai archives collections allows a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of young cities of the USSR. The analysis of documents related to Divnogorsk in the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk region will make it possible to understand the regularity of deposition of documents on history of young towns of the Soviet period in archives, which will contribute to further search of materials to study such topics.

Новое местонахождение наскального искусства на береговых скалах Оглахты (Хакасия)

The article presents the results of investigation of the rock art site discovered in 2014 on riverside rocks in the Oglakhty mountain range (Republic of Khakasia, left bank of the Yenisei River). One of the largest rock art complexes of the Minusinsk Basin is located in these mountains; the best known in archaeology are the tremendous concentrations of petroglyphs which were located on coastal cliff s before they were fl ooded by the reservoir of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station. Most of them are irretrievably lost, but some are still preserved and becoming relatively accessible in periods of lower water level. In the process of searching for and redocumenting the petroglyphs at the locations already known (Oglakhty I and II according to Ya. A. Sher’s inventory) new decorated panels have been revealed, and not only in the fl ooded levels, but also on inaccessible rocks above the highest water level. Th is new location is situated upstream from the known ones, within the southernmost section of the riverside cliff s. Several years of regular inspections of this section from a boat at various water levels and with binoculars made it possible to fi nd and document 24 panels, containing about 50 complete and partially preserved fi gures of wild animals (elk, red deer, roe deer, aurochs, arkhar, horse and others). Several stylistic groups of images are distinguished; almost all of them have analogies at known sites, which allows us to confi dently attribute them as a whole to the earliest phase of Minusinsk Basin rock art which undoubtedly predates the Bronze Age, although the specifi c period of its existence has not yet been determined.

ИЗМЕНЕНИИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ И СТОКА СОЕДИНЕНИЙ БИОГЕННЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ЕНИСЕЕЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ И СТОКА СОЕДИНЕНИЙ БИОГЕННЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ЕНИСЕЕ

The spatiotemporal variability of concentrations and export of inorganic dissolved biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the Yenisei River runoff is assessed. The analysis of changes in phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium concentrations in the river water was carried out from the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station tailwater (56° N) to the outlet near Igarka (68° N). The enrichment of the Yenisei water with biogenic substances exported from the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir was found. Among the largest tributaries, the Angara River has the greatest effect on the concentration of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the Yenisei runoff. The spring flood makes the maximum contribution to the annual flux of biogenic elements. The summer-autumn period, despite its duration and significant water discharge, is characterized by the low fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, which indicates an active participation of biogenic elements in the biogeochemical processes in the Yenisei.

Идентификация оседлых и мигрирующих хариусов в р. Енисей с использованием чешуи

Идентификация оседлых и мигрирующих хариусов в р. Енисей с использованием чешуи

The current state of the ornithological fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir

This paper discusses the current state of the avifauna on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir. To date, the species composition of birds in the study area has not been studied, although it is worth noting the need to study the distribution of birds in this area. The construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station led to changes in the hydrological regime of the Yenisei River with subsequent flooding of the surrounding territory, as a result of which various geological processes of collapse of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir banks are observed. Bank metamorphoses can also influence the spatial distribution of birds and creation of new ornithocomplexes. Our ecological and faunal analysis was carried out over two years (20182019) at nine key points along the bank lines of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir within a radius of one kilometer from the water to identify the impact of geological changes in the banks on the nature of bird placement. The key areas of the study were determined, taking into account various biotopic habitat conditions that attract birds. Monitoring of avifauna on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir will allow us to assess the degree of influence of changes in the geological processes of the banks on the spatial and biotopic distribution of birds, and it is also possible to forecast the disappearance or movement of some species and subspecies on this territory.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПОВЫШЕННОГО ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ НА ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ г. КРАСНОЯРСК

The article considers negative trends in demographic processes associated with the impact of the environment on the life and health of the Krasnoyarsk city population. Methodological features of the study of the research subject are discussed, as well as the elaboration of the problem within the framework of specific sciences is analyzed. To what extent does the habitat with an increased level of technogenic pollution affect the subjective attitudes of residents, their needs, opinions, plans, and decision-making regarding demographic aspects of life? The presented results of expert interviews with specialists in the field of environmental protection and public health were taken by the author in November 2020. They indicate a truly deplorable situation in one of the major industrialized cities of Russia, Krasnoyarsk. The main pollutants are supposed to be transport, the RUSAL aluminum plant, the private sector with coal-fired heating and three coal-fired power plants. The Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station has a negative impact as well. The experts point to the obvious insufficiency of studying the problem of the impact on the demographic indicators and behavior of citizens, which is associated with the lack of open information about the level of the Krasnoyarsk urban environment pollution and specialized research in this direction.

Assessment and distribution of the hydropower rent

The paper considers the problems of rent distribution peculiar for modern society. Based on the existing external reports of companies-users of natural resources, information technology and the algorithm for calculating the differential rent, the calculations of the annual rent and its current distribution are presented. It is shown that the lack of transparent statistical and reporting information of the companies of tenants/owners of unique hydropower objects does not allow to determine unambiguously the size of a nature-resource rent, in this case a hydropower rent, and, respectively, to create the fair mechanism of its distribution between the company using natural resources (waterways, rivers), and society for the purpose of formation of sustainable ecologic and economic development of the territory. It is shown that faire distribution of a hydropower rent of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station will allow to provide sharp decrease in deficit of the consolidated budget of Krasnoyarsk Region and increase in financing of ecological actions.

Временная динамика структурных и функциональных характеристик Енисейского фитопланктона в нижнем бьефе Красноярской ГЭС

Временная динамика структурных и функциональных характеристик Енисейского фитопланктона в нижнем бьефе Красноярской ГЭС

Geoinformation Support and Web Technologies for Problems of Hydrobiological Monitoring of Yenisei River

Results of long-term hydrobiological monitoring for the Yenisei river section from the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station dam to the village Zotino (Turukhansk district of the Krasnoyarsk region) are considered. Researching of zoobenthos showed significant changes of its structure after the Krasnoyarsk HPP dam construction. In particular, the proportion of amphipods (crustaceans) in the zoobenthos biomass increased by 10 times. In the expeditionary studies, seven species of amphipods were identified, but it should be noted that only two species develop and clearly dominate among them. Data obtained during the hydrobiological research formed the basis of geospatial database developed as a result of the work. The geospatial database with the observation results is available in the ICM SB RAS geoportal. The geoportal services provide data visualization in the form of interactive thematic maps, information about the objects on the map as “tooltips”, information downloading in tabular form, direct access to the data through the web mapping services. Information and analytical support for the monitoring system based on the considered approach can simplify access to the needed information, provide new opportunities for analysis and modeling, promote the development of cross-disciplinary researches.

Characteristics of Concrete in Power Conduits at Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Station

Characteristics of Concrete in Power Conduits at Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Station

Experience in modernizing and reequipping turbine equipment at the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

Experience in modernizing and reequipping turbine equipment at the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station: 30 years in operation

Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station: 30 years in operation

Possible improvement of the ice and thermal conditions in the lower pool of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

The problem which is stated in the title of the present article is not new. It, just as its individual aspects with reference to the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station and other hydro developments in Siberia, was elucidated widely in the literature [1-10]. The mass media discuss this problem in their own way and quite emotionally. Therefore, we considered it expedient to again call attention to the problem and to show in the present review that it is solvable and its solution can be realized. The most important factors determining the temperature and ice regime of the lower pools of hydrostations are the thermal regime of the reservoir (including the temperature of the water entering the lower IX~Ol from the reservoir), the regime of releases of the hydrostations, and the meteorological conditions. In addition to these factors, the size of the reservoir (area, volume, depth), its configuration, hydrologic regime under regulated conditions, and inflow to the reservoir have an effect. The conditions of the entry of water from the upper into the lower pool related to the depth of the water-intake openings as well as discharges into rivers of warn industrial waters by enterprises and other water users, which occur in the lower pools of hydrostations, also have a quite substantial effect. The role of the last factor increases with increase of the volume and temperature of the waters being discharged. Therefore when speaking about the lower pool of the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation one must not forget about the largest city in Siberia located 40 km from the hydrostation and the large volumes of heated waters being discharged by enterprises and municipal services of the city and its industrial zone. In Eastern Siberia large high-head hydro developments -- the Bratsk and Ust'-Ilim hydrostations -- are operating on the Angara River. Therefore it is advisable, in our opinion, to examine certain problems of the ice and thermal regime in the lower pools of hydrostations in comparison with analogous data on the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation. Table 1 gives data on the temperature of water entering the lower pool of these hydrostations from the upper pool. The data in Table 1 indicate that the average winter water temperatures in December-May are in the lower pool of the Bratsk hydrostation 2.16~ Ust'-Ilim hydrostation 1.61~ and Krasnoyarsk hydrostation 2.36~ We note also that the water temperature of the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation in December is equal to the water temperature in November at the Bratsk and Ust'-Ilim hydrostations. Table 2 gives the values of the water discharges that entered the lower pools of the indicated hydrostations in the November-May period under natural conditions and during their operation. As is seen from Table 2, winter discharges under regulated conditions increased considerably. However, whereas at the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation the average discharge in November-May increased by 3.6 times, at the Bratsk and Ust'-Ilim hydrostations the increase was respectively 1.5 and 1.4. It is necessary to note that on the Yenisei River below the debouchment of the Angara this increase was 1.8 (the site of Yeniseisk 44 km below the mouth of the Angara). Thus, discharges of the same order enter the lower pools of the investigated hydrostations in November-May: Krasnoyarsk 2300 m3/sec, Bratsk 2870 m3/sec, Ust'-Ilim 2740 m3/sec. An increase of the discharge and temperature of the water arriving from the reservoir determines the formation of a polynya in the lower pools. Table 3 gives information about the maximum approach of the ice edge to the Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Bratsk, Ust'-Ilim, and Zeya hydrostations. The data of Table 3 indicate that the length of the polynya in the lower pool of the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation even under conditions of the initial fdling (1967-1969) of the reservoir, where the smallest releases into the lower pool occurred, was close to the length of the free part of the lower pool of other hydrostations under their normal operating conditions. It is necessary to note that the considerable length of the polynya in the lower pool of the Krasnoyarsk hydrostation is to some extent due also to discharges of industrial wastewaters enterprises in Krasnoyarsk city and its industrial zone. We

Automation of calculation and analysis of hydropower indices in the process control system of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

Automation of calculation and analysis of hydropower indices in the process control system of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

Organization of monitoring the state of structures at the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydroelectric station

Engineering art when reference is to the reliability of an engineering structure should not depend on the political situation in the country. For example, in stagnant years it was decided to replace the type of dam at the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station (HES). Despite the insistence of the design organization for a so-called buttress dam, the engineering corps of like-minded persons - the construction engineers and customer headed by the chief of the construction project - categorically objected to the proposed design: in the construction industry the technology was not ready for openwork construction under harsh climatic conditions, and, what really matters, millions of people living downstream of the dam should be safeguarded against disasters. As a result a gravity dam was adopted.

Condition of the rock base and concrete dam of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

1. Results of full-scale observations of overall displacements of the dam, the behavior of joints between sections, settlements of the rock base, and seepage processes in the dam and its base indicate good technical condition of the structure noted throughout the 20 years of its operation. 2. Indices of the operating structure's condition, on the whole, correspond to design expectations.

Experience in operating the overflow dam of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station

1. The spillway face of the Krasnoyarsk dam is in satisfactory condition. 2. The provision of a good quality of even ordinary hydrotechnical concrete placed in an absorbing formwork creates a sufficiently reliable counteraction to cavitation erosion for dam spillways with a height up to 100 m. 3. There is practically no aeration of the flow on the spillway. 4. The problem of creating cavitation-resistant concretes remains urgent, especially for placement on the surface of the dam bucket where it is difficult to use methods of active protection against cavitation. 5. It is necessary to avoid the emergence on the spillway face of steel elements both of a structural and technological purpose. 6. It is desirable to protect a spillway face of relatively cavitation-resistant hydrotechnical concrete in the zone of maximum flow velocities with weather-resistant protective coatings. 7. To improve methods of predicting cavitation damages of concrete it is necessary to create a unified method of evaluating its cavitation resistance and effect of the structure and compositions of the material of it.