Korean Name Research Articles

Taxonomic revision of Physalis species (Solanaceae) in Korea

The records of various Physalis species in Korea along with unclear descriptions and the use of multiple Korean names for a single species have led to confusion with regard to species identification in this genus. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify and characterize Physalis species distributed in the Republic of Korea through a literature review, specimen observations, and field surveys. Five Physalis species were found to be distributed in the Republic of Korea: P. angulata, P. lagascae, P. longifolia, P. philadelphica, and P. pubescens. Additionally, it was confirmed that part of P. fauriei and P. repens can be considered to be synonyms of P. lagascae, whereas the other part of P. fauriei is regarded as synonyms of P. pubescens. The species can be distinguished based on their life forms, presence of rhizomes, leaf serration depth, arrangement of hairs on the calyx, corolla diameter and spot color, and fruit shape and ridge number. Physalis angulata and P. pubescens are distributed in various regions, primarily in the southern and western parts of the Republic of Korea. In contrast, P. lagascae is found exclusively in limited regions of Jeju-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do, with P. longifolia and P. philadelphica found only in Yeongwol-gun of Gangwon-do. This study provides revised descriptions and an identification key along with photographs and distribution information for Physalis species in the Republic of Korea.

Important Drugs and Its Patterns during the Late Goryeo Dynasty -Obtain and distribution of Bupleuri Radix and Ginger.

This article deals with drugs obtain and distribution during the Goryeo Dynasty. In particular, I analyzed the case of 'Bupleuri Radix', which corresponds to 'dot-ui minali' as Idu, an archaic Korean notation, and Ginger, which was intentionally introduced and cultivated in Goryeo. Drugs of the Goryeo Dynasty can be classified into 5 types. Drugs that use the Chinese character name as the name of Goryeo were type A, drugs that correspond 1:1 with the archaic Korean notation to the Chinese character name were type B, and drugs that have the Chinese character name translated directly into the Korean name were type C. And although it were originally the foreign drugs, the drugs cultivated in Goryeo were Type D, and the drugs imported from foreign countries were Type E. Among these, types B and D are particularly interesting. Bupleuri Radix and Ginger discussed in this article were representative examples of type B and D respectively. Looking overall, type B had the highest proportion, followed by type A. Type E was the next most common. On the other hand, type C and D were relatively small. However, regardless of the high or low proportion, these types coexisted and constituted the therapeutic drugs of the Goryeo Dynasty. In conclusion, during the Goryeo Dynasty, interest and use of local drugs, namely Hyangjae, greatly expanded.

Taxonomic Re-Evaluation of the Genus Fuscoporia in the Republic of Korea Including Three Unrecorded Species

The genus Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) comprises poroid white-rot fungi characterized by dark brown hymenial setae, a dimitic hyphal system, and encrusted generative hyphae. Despite the ecological and commercial significance of Fuscoporia species, their identification has been challenging owing to their morphological overlap with other genera of Hymenochaetaceae and to the limited resolution of nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. With the advances in molecular research, Fuscoporia has been revised to include species from Inonotus sensu lato and Phellinus sensu lato, and 71 new species have been reported over the past decade. In Korea, a comprehensive taxonomic study elucidating the true diversity of Fuscoporia is yet to be conducted. Among the 11 Fuscoporia species reported in Korea, two were identified solely based on morphological characteristics, and four were identified based on nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, which have limited resolution for species identification in Fuscoporia. To investigate the current status of Fuscoporia species native to Korea, we conducted a phylogenetic study using four genetic markers (ITS + nrLSU + RPB2 + TEF1), along with morphological characteristics, and re-analyzed the GenBank records deposited from Korea. Ten Fuscoporia species were identified, including three previously unrecorded species. A detailed description of the unrecorded species and a list of proposed Korean names for all Fuscoporia species in Korea are provided. This study will guide further taxonomic and applied research of Fuscoporia by providing a species identification key and a verified multigenetic database, in addition to confirming the sequences in public database.

19세기 한글본 서울지도 ｢경조오부도｣와 ｢한성부지도｣의 지명 특성 및 유형 분석

This study analyzes the geographical names, rivers, and roads depicted in the 19th-century Korean maps of Seoul, 'GyeongjoObuDo(京兆五部圖)' and 'HanseongbuJido(漢城府地圖)' to understand the appearance of Seoul at that time, with a particular focus on the characteristics and types of geographical names. 'GyeongjoObuDo' was created in 1884 by George Foulk, an American diplomat, based on the 'GyeongjoObuDo' from ‘Daedongyeojido(大東輿地圖)’ . This map, used by a foreigner, contains a mixture of Korean and English names, with a total of 184 geographical names, and features color-coded representations for mountains, rivers, and roads. 'HanseongbuJido' , created in 1900 by the Yangji Office(量地衙門), includes numerous geographical names written in both Chinese characters and Korean, totaling 420 names. This map predominantly features facilities and uses unique Korean names, showcasing the originality and historical significance of the geographical names of that era. Both maps detail the major geographical names, transportation routes, and defense facilities of Seoul, reflecting the linguistic characteristics and regional features of the time. Through this study, it has been confirmed that these Korean maps are important historical sources that reflect the political, economic, and cultural context of 19th-century Seoul beyond mere geographical information. Therefore, there is a need for systematic research and analysis of these Korean maps to provide fundamental data for a deeper understanding of the social and cultural background of the time. Such research requires interpretation of the social, cultural, and worldview changes embedded in the content and representation of the maps.

The Meaning and Structure of Mongolian and Korean Names

Abstract Human nomenclature is a branch of linguistics that includes the language, culture, and history of a given society. People’s names have been changing due to the lifestyle, religion, customs, culture, society, politics, and education level of the time. The study of the name of a person who forms the culture of the nation is important to know the unique thinking of the country, the root values and beliefs of the nation. A comparative study of the meaning and structural features of Mongolian and Korean names is likely to contribute even a little to Mongolian and Korean scholars’ further comparative studies of language and culture.

A Review of the List of Plant Diseases in Korea and the Names of Korean Tree Diseases

Since the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (DisList) was first published in 1986, the 6th edition appeared 36 years later. In 2023, the 6.1 edition, a revised and improved version of the 6th edition, was released to the public on the web free of charge. The contents of DisList increased, with the number of hosts increasing from 437 taxa to 1,420 taxa and the number of disease species increasing from 1,539 to 6,680. Among these, tree diseases are 3,586 species and their hosts include 504 taxa, providing much help to experts who need them. Meanwhile, the importance of accurate disease names continues to grow with the legalization of tree care, but many disease names are still inappropriate or misused, causing confusion. Disease names that do not follow the naming regulations are still registered, and even if the same pathogen infects hosts of the same taxa, the disease names are given differently, and there are many disease names that do not indicate the characteristics of the disease. Also, there are diseases reported without Korean names. In order to make DisList better, the review committee for disease names should establish the regulations to review and register disease names, and establish a system to review new disease names before publishing papers.

Re-identification of herbarium specimens through a morphological analysis reveals two species of <i>Murdannia</i> (Commelinaceae) from South Korea

The previously reported alien plant <i>Murdannia nudiflora</i> is known to be distributed on Jejudo Island and in inland areas of South Korea. However, the species distributed in the Jejudo Island region exhibits differences in the morphology of the stems, leaves, and seeds compared to those in inland areas. Although <i>M. loriformis</i> is morphologically similar to <i>M. nudiflora</i>, it differs in terms of the development of the main stem, the formation of rosettes, and the occurrence of inflorescences that develop from branched stems. The seed testa of <i>M. loriformis</i> exhibits a radiating striated pattern and is not verrucose. Through the re-identification of specimens of <i>M. nudiflora</i> and an examination of individuals and images collected in areas of their distribution, it was determined that the individuals in the Jejudo region are <i>M. loriformis</i>, whereas those distributed inland were found to be <i>M. nudiflora</i>. This study presents revised descriptions and a taxonomic key for both species, with new Korean names designated based on the characteristics of the distribution areas and surrounding growth environments.

시공간 미디어로서의 철도 역명에 대한 일고찰

This paper is a semantic study of the relationship between Korean railway station names and place names where they locate. A railway station is a transportation node that represents identity of the region. Therefore, station names are required to be symbols that represent the area. Place names are sometimes changed to match station names. Conversely, sometimes station names are changed to match the place name. The triggers include changes in administrative areas, the opening of railway lines, or movement of urban areas, administrative centers.
 Station names must be able to appropriately guide domestic and foreign passengers. Therefore, a high degree of publicity and public benefit are naturally required. It has nothing to do with whether the railway company is publicly owned or privately owned. Therefore, deciding on or changing station names requires the involvement of not only railway companies, but also local communities and local governments, just as with place names. Therefore, they have a very close relationship with authority. On the other hand, it must be kept in mind that public interest can easily be undermined by authority, so as not to abuse it.

Phonological Trends of Gendered Names in Korea and the U.S.A.

Phonological Trends of Gendered Names in Korea and the U.S.A.

Molecular identification and morphological description of an unrecorded goby Bathygobius coalitus (Perciformes: Gobiidae), from Jeju-do, Korea

A single specimen of the whitespotted frillgoby, Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832), was collected from Jeju-do, Korea, in October 2020. The species is characterized by the absence of a flap on the nostril, the extension of the anterior tip of the predorsal scale beyond the posterior margin of the preopercle, and a pectoral fin with four upper rays free from membrane, each divided into two branches. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I analysis revealed that the specimen corresponds to B. coalitus (99.8% similarity) rather than any of the three previously known congeneric Korean species. The species is newly recorded in the Korean fish fauna, and the proposed Korean name for the species is “Heuin-jeom-mu-nui-mang-dug”.

A field experiment on discrimination against foreigners in the rental housing market in Japan examining the 23 wards of Tokyo

Discrimination against foreigners in rental housing markets has been recognized mainly in the U.S. and European countries. In Japan, the difficulties experienced by foreigners who move into rental housing have been reported only by media or government questionnaire surveys, and there is little quantitative evidence. We conduct a correspondence study to observe discrimination against foreigners in rental housing markets in Tokyo's 23 wards during December 2019 and February 2020. Our results show that those who use a Chinese or Korean name decrease their probability of receiving affirmative responses to rental applications by approximately 13% compared with those who use Japanese names. Additionally, we find that the COVID-19 crisis increased the discriminatory behavior of rental housing owners and realtors.

First confirmed report of Nassarius sinarum (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Korea.

The marine gastropod mollusc Nassarius sinarum has attracted attention due to its status as a potential invasive species and the ecological impact it may have on local environments and the fishing industry. It was observed exclusively within China initially, but its distribution now seems to have expanded into Japan and Korea. Accurate identification of N. sinarum, particularly in its juvenile stage, is vital for understanding its ecological influences and distribution patterns. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of N. sinarum samples from Korea. It includes morphological examination, scanning electron microscopy images and molecular sequencing. Two live specimens were collected from the Yeongsan River estuary in Korea and their morphological features were analysed and compared to those of samples from China and Japan. The samples' species were confirmed by molecular identification, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and histone H3 (H3) genetic markers.It was observed that juvenile N. sinarum shells lack key species-characteristic morphological traits, such as a thick outer lip and diminishing axial ribs. However, COI marker-based molecular identification affirmed that these Korean specimens were N. sinarum. The H3 region was registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of the H3 region did not resolve species distinctions within the Nassarius, suggesting that the H3 marker is not suitable for species identification within this genus. In this context, multiple genetic markers, when used appropriately, can also be applied to genus-level searches, enhancing species identification accuracy and reducing misidentification.The sequences provided in this study can serve as a valuable reference for future DNA barcoding research. Additional samples and surveys should be conducted through collaborative efforts amongst national and institutional organisations to further clarify the ecological status of N. sinarum and to investigate its distribution and potential impact around East Asia. Finally, a new Korean name, (No-lan-jul-job-ssal-mu-nui-go-dung; 노란줄좁쌀무늬고둥) has been proposed for N. sinarum.

Monosyllabic Affective Hypocoristics of Korean Names

In this paper, I investigate the formation and phonological alternations of Korean monosyllabic hypocoristics that are used without a vocative marker. Korean monosyllabic hypocoristics are the result of truncation and merging. The study showed that the inclination to keep the second syllable is more pronounced in truncated forms. The most common type of merging is ‘onset of 1st syllable + rhyme of 2nd syllable’. This illustrates the symmetrical base anchoring template, in which the template’s edges are anchored to the base’s right and left edges. The phonological alternations that Korean monosyllabic hypocoristics go through include tensification of obstruents, stopping of plain fricative or affricate, nasal velarization, nasal insertion, vowel rounding, vowel simplification, and palatal glide insertion before a vowel. Consonantal alternations over vocalic alternations seem to be preferred. All of the segmental alternations are present in the Aegyo speech register.

New record of Chromis weberi (Actinopterygii: Ovalentaria: Pomacentridae) from Jeju Island, southern Korea

Discovering tropical marine species outside of their distribution limits is important for evaluating the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. One specimen (31.6 mm standard length) of a tropical fish, Chromis weberi Fowler et Bean, 1928, representing the family Pomacentridae, was first recorded from Jeju Island, Korea, on 8 December 2021. It was characterized by black posterior margins of the preopercle and opercle and black upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin. A specimen of this species collected from Munseom was distinguished from Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854) based on distinct differences in the tips of the upper and lower caudal fin lobes, which are not black in C. xanthura. In addition, C. weberi was easily distinguished from the other four species in the genus Chromis, by the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequence (345 bp), with genetic distances ranging from 0.130 to 0.252. This study documents the first record of C. weberi in temperate Korean waters, implying a poleward range expansion for this species. The Korean name ‘geom-eun-jeom-ggo-ri-ja-ri-dom’ has been proposed for C. weberi.

한·중 대학교명의 대조언어학적 분석

The purpose of this paper is to explore the similarities and differences between common names and proper names of higher education institutions in Korea and China, with a focus on the fields of linguistics and nomenclature. By examining these aspects, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the thinking systems of both countries. Our study analyzed a total of 661 four-year university names, comprising 188 from Korea (36 public, 152 private) and 473 from China (440 public, 33 private). We sought to compare and examine them in three key areas. Firstly, we classified and compared university names into four categories (A, B, C, and D) based on their semantic structure. Secondly, we categorized Korean university names into four distinct groups based on their lexical origin (native words, Chinese character words, foreign words, and hybrid words), and compared them. Finally, we analyzed the lexical features of these names, including the number of syllables, word density, word length, and word frequency, using WordSmith Tools 8.0. Through this thorough investigation, we hope to shed light on the unique naming conventions and linguistic patterns of higher education institutions in these two countries.

New record of an alien plant, <i>Ipomoea cristulata</i> (Convolvulaceae) in Korea

<i>Ipomoea cristulata</i> Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae), native to the desert regions of the central USA to Mexico, was newly found in Gojeong-ri, Deokgwa-myeon, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do. This species can be distinguished from <i>I. coccinea</i> by leaves with 3-5 lobes, hirsute distributed adaxially, and corolla entirely red or orange-red. Its Korean name is ‘Na-bi-ip-yu-hong-cho’ based on its butterfly-shaped leaves. We provide a detailed description, photographs, habitat details, and a taxonomic key to related taxa.

Coris picta, a new record of the Comb wrasse (Perciformes: Labridae) from Korea

Based on a single specimen (100.3 mm SL) collected from the southern coastal waters of Jejudo Island, Coris picta is described as the first record from Korea. It is characterized by having a broad black stripe from tip of snout to posterior edge of caudal fin along lateral body in terminal phase, 12 soft rays in dorsal and anal fins, 82 lateral line scales, and a single mid-dorsal dark stripe on head. We propose new Korean names, “A-ssi-nol-re-gi-sog”, and “Bis-sal-a-ssi-nol-re-gi”, for the genus and the species named after dramatic change of body color with growth and having a comb-like stripe on lateral body, respectively.

In Limbo: A Graphic Memoir by Deb JJ Lee

Reviewed by: In Limbo: A Graphic Memoir by Deb JJ Lee Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Lee, Deb Jj In Limbo: A Graphic Memoir; written and illus. by Deb JJ Lee. First Second, 2023 [352p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781250252654 $24.99 Paper ed. ISBN 9781250252661 $17.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 9-12 Freshman year doesn’t begin so great for Deb: she gets teased for her Korean name, even when she insists everyone just call her Deborah, she has to endure her mother’s increasingly abusive criticisms, and she’s not doing so great in her classes. She’s looking forward to being with her friends in orchestra, but music isn’t her true passion, more of a demand by her mother. Deb’s more interested in art, and when [End Page 227] her mom signs her up for art classes and she finds a new friendship in bold and confident Quinn, things start to look up. Social dynamics change, however, and Deb’s mom’s emotional abuse escalates to physical, leading an overwhelmed Deb to attempt suicide. Fortunately, subsequent therapy and new friends and opportunities, including a visit to Seoul, help her find her footing, though she admits that her relationship with her mother will always be complex. There are few bright spots in Lee’s graphic novel memoir, and even the lighter ones have only a dull gleam, overshadowed by depression and social anxiety and making for a bleak but painfully authentic portrayal of mental illness and family trauma. That persistent despair is felt in the mostly monochromatic illustrations, with black and blue shadows constantly encroaching on the lighter elements and shifting panel structure echoing Deb’s moods. Lee’s artistic skill is undeniable, and the subtle stylistic changes add depth to both visual and emotional impact of the narrative. Readers of Krosoczka’s Hey, Kiddo (BCCB 11/18) might find this a somber counterpart that still explores the healing nature of art and its role in managing mental health and trauma. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Alpinia japonica extract induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and activation of JNK

Hepatic cancer was the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2018, and its incidence is increasing. While therapeutic agents for hepatic cancer have improved, these agents can cause serious side effects, including damage to healthy tissues. To overcome this limitation, more than 3,000 plants have been used globally as common alternatives for cancer treatment. The anti-cancer activity of Alpinia japonica, one of the traditional herbal medicines (Korean name: Kkot-yang-ha), was investigated. Water extract of A. japonica (AJ) decreased the cell viability of hepatic cancer cells. AJ extract showed greater than 70% loss of mitochondrial potential in HepG2 cells as demonstrated by JC-1 staining. Apoptosis was induced by treatment with AJ extract as shown through FACS analysis, and G0/G1 phase arrest of 76.66% HepG2 cells was confirmed through cell cycle analysis and quantitative RT-PCR. Improper regulation of ERK1/2 might contribute to cell death, and JNK activation is necessary for apoptosis induced by stress stimuli. AJ extract stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in HepG2 cells. AJ extract has anticancer activity by inhibiting cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of hepatic cancer cells. This extract could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hepatic cancer.

Korean toponyms in the Polish language: sources of transposition, transcripyion systems, and phonic assimilation strategies

The intensively developing Polish-Korean contacts and direct access to the knowledge of South Korea as one of the major East Asian countries obtained from Internet and media coverage have resulted in Korean toponyms being assimilated in the Polish language to an increasing extent. However, they are adapted in a number of ways, being mediated through two main systems of Latinising the Korean language, i.e. the McCune-Reischauer transcription and the modified MOE transcription, which is officially propagated by Korean authorities. This leads to a certain competition between the two systems, which are, moreover, often used in the situation of not only lack of command of the source language itself, but also ignorance of the conventional rules of the Latin transcription of Korean geographical names, which are different in both transcriptions. Moreover, toponyms must be assimilated based on various compromises between the phonological system of the source language and the system of the receiving language. Such a helpful compromise might be an additionally used Polonised transcription in the resource of letter symbols, but this requires substantial adjustments and additions as well as unavoidable concessions to make it easier for Polish recipients to decipher texts about Korea. From the perspective of historical standardisation of some characteristic Korean toponyms in Polish publications, various transcription tools, methods of their assimilation and adaptations, as well as the obvious cognitive barriers might become definitely more pronounced and informative for both text authors and recipients