Knowledge Verification Research Articles

On Epistemology in Archaeology: Critique of the Text “Archaeological Excavation from Epistemological Perspective” by Marko Porčić

The paper is the reaction to the contribution by Marko Porčić in this volume of Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, presenting his views on the epistemological character and status of excavation in the archaeological process of knowledge acquisition. Here it is argued that the analysis of Porčić is simplified, non-consequential and founded upon the outdated concepts of epistemological analysis of science, which takes into account only the internal disciplinary epistemology and sharply divides theory from practice, thus considerably lowering the potential for research of archaeological epistemology. Discussing a research field, especially a humanistic one such as archaeology, exclusively in the light of its own categories and concepts and ways of thinking inevitably leads to massive reduction in understanding of knowledge production. If the ideal of so-called hard sciences, followed by Porčić, was a severe detachment of objects from subjects, supposedly leading to guaranteed neutrality (objectivity) of knowledge – the first half of the 20th century ideal, today abandoned in many respects even in hard sciences themselves – the constitutive element in humanistic disciplines is (auto)reflexivity and interactivity of researchers in respect to “other people and their work”, and therefore a completely different role of “subject” and their surroundings. Following his internalist approach, Porčić attempts to approach the epistemic structure of archaeology and its modes of knowledge building from the point of view of the so-called (by the author himself) general epistemological model, according to which a research starts by shaping a previous statement (hypothesis), followed by testing and final verification of a new knowledge. Attempting to preserve the “neutrality” of epistemological analysis, Porčić does not take into account the fact that every knowledge, including the scientific one, is historically and culturally conditioned; this fact, which is the foundation of every consideration of knowledge and ways of its production, particularly apparent in humanistic disciplines, is also present in the epistemology of hard sciences, to which Porčić refers. His perseverance to remain strictly in the domain of “theory” and complete neglect of the role of practice in the process of knowledge acquisition is expressed in a string of completely false statements, such as e.g. (theoretical) redundancy of archaeological excavations, or finitude (limitedness) of archaeological inquiry, reached upon by simple syllogistic exercises, often starting by erroneous or tautological premises. Perhaps the most eloquent illustration of the inadequacy of the so-called general epistemological model for archaeology is the neglect of preventive archaeology – today amounting to more than 90% of all archaeological fieldwork in Europe. However, Porčić practically denies all epistemological value to this work, persevering in the extremely reductive view of archaeology, and at the same time neglecting important epistemological perspectives of the discipline.

Implementation of a Low-Dose, High-Frequency Cardiac Resuscitation Quality Improvement Program in a Community Hospital

In 2015 the American Heart Association launched the Resuscitation Quality ImprovementⓇ (RQIⓇ) Program to address the urgent need to improve in-hospital cardiac arrest survival through a novel competency-based model for health care provider (HCP) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. This innovation differs from the traditional Basic Life Support (BLS) training model by providing self-directed, low-dose, high-frequency CPR skill activities with the objectives of skills mastery and retention. A program implementation study was conducted at the first hospital in the state of Illinois to adopt RQI in 2016. The study was designed to evaluate implementation of the RQI program, CPR performance during RQI simulation sessions, and participant impressions at a community hospital. Quantitative data were evaluated based on psychomotor compression and ventilation performance. Quantitative and qualitative data were evaluated based on a perceptual CPR confidence and program satisfaction survey. Statistical analysis demonstrates significant improvement in HCPs' quarterly psychomotor CPR skill performance over a one-year period in first compression score, and first and highest ventilation score per quarterly session. The number of attempts to pass the ventilation skill session decreased between the first and fourth quarter. Survey results of HCPs' program perceptions 30 months post-RQI implementation indicate satisfaction with the RQI program and an increase in CPR skill confidence. Findings demonstrate that the RQI program for ongoing verification of BLS skill and knowledge provides improvements in HCPs' CPR psychomotor competence and confidence/satisfaction using an efficient and sustainable method at a community hospital.

Towards Evaluation in Scientific Reviews (Based on German Linguistics)

The present paper considers evaluative aspect of a German linguistic review as a certain type of expert text. Expert evaluation is regarded in the context of its role in collective intersubjective process of verification and critical review of knowledge aimed at implementing it in the scientific scope of the subject. Special focus is put on regulatory character of expert evaluation. When exercising evaluation, reviewers as representatives of the scientific expert community united by its aims and tasks, rely on collectively elaborated and shared criteria of scientific rationality. The article also identifies the key role of institutional, sociocultural and internal verbal context when revealing means of expression of evaluative meanings and axiological contrast of evaluation in the text structure. Major ways of implicit display of evaluation are categorized in the concept of cognitive strategy; typical strategies are illustrated by examples of their context realization. Methods involved in the study (structural and propositional text segmentation, component analysis of lexical units, contextual and linguo-epistemic analysis) being the elements of complex methodology allowed to produce general evaluative profile of scientific reviews in German linguistics

Engine Cadets with and Without Additional Training on Training Vessel – Competences Comparison Case Study

Abstract In the last decade evolution of the requirements for training and professional competences of ship’s crewmembers, including ship engineers can be observed. Despite the implementation of training programs according to IMO requirements in maritime training centres, a different level of competence of young people beginning their professional career on ships in the engine department is observed. The article discusses general conventions, goals, and effects of the “BS Cadet Program” training program, introduced by one of the larger German ship-owner to improve the competencies of crewmembers at the operational level, who will take duties of the watch engineer in the ship engine room soon. General idea of this training program is reducing the time of the path career what is a standard in most shipping companies. Such idea in this program is utilised by directly merging theoretical knowledge with professional practice on special prepared training vessel. The work present also comparison of the acquired knowledge verification results of training participants with the results of engine cadets from last semester of the UMG Faculty of Engineering. The comparison includes computer exercises of Marine equipment and machineries (UNITEST Company – CBT) also genera ship and engine room knowledge checked by written test called “Final Test” carried out on the end of 3 months training.

PRACTICAL EDUCATION OF ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES USING A WEB COURSE

Education of adults with intellectual disabilities in labor activities can help them to successfully and repeatedly carry out their work tasks and significantly help their self-realization. The problem is that the need for frequent repetition of already learned skills requires the constant presence of a teacher or caregiver since such a worker is not able to work independently. This situation increases the cost of employing people with disabilities. The aim is to find a way to reduce the necessary number of caregivers needed in this kind of activity and enable greater self-sufficiency of workers. The presented research intended to verify whether a web course could be an effective educational tool for people with intellectual disabilities. During the research, a group of ten participants with intellectual disabilities was educated to acquire basic skills in horticulture. The first teaching was realized through practical demonstrations at the workplace in the university production garden by professional gardeners. After these demonstrations skills of all participants were verified and so the basic level for further verification and comparison of knowledge was set. Subsequently, using three approaches of repeating the already learned practical curriculum (verbal repetition, no repetition, and repetition using the web course) and different time intervals, the level of knowledge of each participant was verified. Statistical methods were used to compare the results of different repetition approaches. Research results demonstrated that a web course, with specific content that consists of video or animation, combined with the use of pictograms for confident navigation, can be used by people with intellectual disabilities with good results. At the same time, in addition to practical teaching, this was the second best-rated approach of repeating knowledge. Using a web course, participants achieved similar work results as they did in practical teaching. Keywords: adult education, intellectual disabilities, professional education, web course.

CFD Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer on Vernacular Sustainable Architecture: Validation and Application of Methodology

The global background of energy shortages and climate deterioration demands bioclimatic sustainable buildings. Vernacular architecture can provide a useful resource of passive strategies and techniques for creating inner comfort conditions with minimum heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) assistance. The identification and verification of such knowledge are essential for climate responsive or energy passive building design. Among the methods, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool for simulating convective heat transfer of vernacular architecture and predicting the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) and flow field. Geometric complexity and diversity of building samples are crucial in the development of an effective simulation methodology in terms of computational cost and accuracy. Therefore, this paper presents high-resolution 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) CFD simulations of convective heat transfer on Japanese vernacular architecture, namely, “machiya.” A CFD validation study on the CHTC is performed based on wind-tunnel experiments on a cube heated by constant heat flux and placed in a turbulent channel flow with a Reynolds number of 3.3 × 104. Three steady RANS models and two boundary layer modeling approaches are compared and discussed. Results show that the SST k-ω model applied with low Reynolds number modeling approach is suitable for CHTC simulations on a simplified building model. The RNG k-ε model applied with wall functions is an appropriate choice for simulating flow field of a complicated building model. Overall, this study develops a methodology involving RANS model selection, boundary layer modeling, and target model fitting to predict the convective heat transfer on vernacular architecture.

The Knowledge Repository Management System Architecture of Digital Knowledge Engineering using Machine Learning to Promote Software Engineering Competencies

The knowledge repository management system architecture of digital knowledge engineering using machine learning (KRMS-SWE) to promote software engineering competencies is comprised of four parts, as follows: 1) device service, 2) application service, 3) module service of the KRMS-SWE and 4) machine learning service and storage unit. The knowledge creation, storage, testing and assessing of students’ knowledge in software engineering is carried out using a knowledge verification process with machine learning and divided into six steps, as follows: pre-processing, filtration, stemming, indexing, data mining and interpretation and evaluation. The overall result regarding the suitability of the KRMS-SWE is 
 assessed by five experts who have high levels of experience in related fields. The findings reveal that this research approach can be applied to the future development of the KRMS-SWE.

Morpho-anatomical evaluation of hypoglycaemic medicinal plants

This study aimed to morpho-anatomical characterize leaves of plants with hypoglycemic effect used by the Maracanã community of São Luís-MA. It was selected two vegetal species with lack of morpho-anatomical studies, which were Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis (Vitaceae) and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul. var. leiostachya Benth (Leguminoceae). The botanic material was collected in the Dom Delgado University City, UFMA. It was realized paradermic and transverse sections free hand with blade support, using astra blue and basic fuchsin as colorants. The laminas were observed and photographed in optic microscopic. Cissus verticillata presented simple and opposite leaves, with membranous consistency, serrated margin, and acute top and cordate base. The mesophyll is dorsiventral composed by palisade and spongy parenchyma. Central rib with presence of reserve parenchyma and angular chollenchyma with some points of ring deposition. Caesalpinia ferrea presented smooth and simple leaves, uniseriate epidermis, curled cuticles and presence of stomata on both sides. Central rib with fundamental parenchyma composed by spherical cells and angular chollenchyma. The reported morphoanatomic characters of C. verticillata and C. ferrea leaves contribute to the identification and characterization of the quality of these vegetables, improving knowledge verification of plant species authenticity.

Development of information technology for the automated construction and expansion of the temporal knowledge base in the tasks of supporting management decisions

The object of research is the process of knowledge base (KB) constructing, which involves the development of a formal presentation of knowledge, knowledge extraction, verification of their consistency and inclusion in the KB. The implementation of such a process is a necessary condition to use KB in systems supporting management decisions at the tactical and strategic levels of organizational management. However, there is currently a discrepancy between the practical need for implementation, knowledge-based support for managerial decisions under uncertainty, taking into account the temporal aspect of managing action and also the possibilities of existing techniques and technologies of interactive and automated construction of the KB. The analysis of the research object testifies to the possibility of automated construction of the KB to support managerial decisions using temporal dependencies. The latter can be obtained based on the analysis of the sequence of states corresponds to the behavior of an organizational system as an object of management. Temporal dependencies between states represent the knowledge of control actions that have been implemented in managing decisions. The logical-probabilistic model of temporal knowledge representation is improved by taking into account the hierarchical description of the management solution context, which makes it possible to simplify the construction of this solution. The proposed model provides the ability to support a rational choice from a variety of admissible management decisions by the probability of transition to the target state of the control object. The method of automated construction and support of the temporal KB based on the account of the attributive description of the control object state and the context of the management solution is improved. The method involves the rapid formation and verification of the logical-probabilistic representation of temporal knowledge to support management decisions. The information technology of automated construction and replenishment of temporal KBs is developed. Technology combines the capability of generating representation patterns and semantic verification of knowledge. The verification is performed by a specialist in the subject area. The automatic construction of weighted temporal rules based on the detection of dependencies in known state sequences of the control object. This makes it possible to quickly identify the new temporal dependencies for the subject area and bring them to the KB after semantic verification by an expert.

Network model-based analysis of the goals, targets and indicators of sustainable development for strategic environmental assessment

Strategic environmental assessment is a decision support technique that evaluates policies, plans and programs in addition to identifying the most appropriate interventions in different scenarios. This work develops a network-based model to study interlinked ecological, economic, environmental and social problems to highlight the synergies between policies, plans, and programs in environmental strategic planning. Our primary goal is to propose a methodology for the data-driven verification and extension of expert knowledge concerning the interconnectedness of the sustainable development goals and their related targets. A multilayer network model based on the time-series indicators of the World Bank open data over the last 55 years was assembled. The results illustrate that by providing an objective and data-driven view of the correlated variables of the World Bank, the proposed layered multipartite network model highlights the previously not discussed interconnections, node centrality measures evaluate the importance of the targets, and network community detection algorithms reveal their strongly connected groups. The results confirm that the proposed methodology can serve as a data-driven decision support tool for the preparation and monitoring of long-term environmental policies. The developed new data-driven network model enables multi-level analysis of the sustainability (goals, targets, indicators) and will make it possible to plan long-term environmental strategic planning. Through relationships among indicators, relationships among targets and goals can be modelled. The results show that sustainable development goals are strongly interconnected, while the 5th goal (gender equality) is linked mostly to 17th (partnerships for the goals) goal. The analysis has also highlighted the importance of the 4th (quality education).

The position of woman in society through history

Women's have not achieved equality with human rights of yet, thus with ones which men appropriate and apply on themselves. Women are underpaid for job which they do in relations to men, they are often victims of maltreatment, and they get work in a more difficult manner. Today, women should struggle for their rights and equality with men throughout world. Women, and some of them with male allies, hundreds years back literally gave their lives for female right to education, vote and other rights we were enjoying today. They are those to whom we should be grateful that we could deal with politics, vote and to be voted. We are due equal and greater rights and freedoms to upcoming generations of girls and boys. Nevertheless, patriarchal society which still rules in Balkans and at other geographic, social, political and religious areas, does not allow women to raise their heads out of these elementary issues and overtake their part of responsibility in social, political and other ways of life, and especially to new current of politically aware women to overtake a concrete public political and other position. On contrary, whole potential of public activity is directed toward men and women are to be positioned three or more steps behind social processes and especially ones of political leaders, for example on elections posters and other. The above mentioned conclusions in accordance with methodological standards are subjected and verifiable, that is, verification of knowledge on subject of this paper is undisputed, or in other words, the feature of verification of scientific knowledge means possibility of interpersonal verification in some conditions, existence of appropriate arguments and procedure.

Verification methods of a programmer’s knowledge and skills

The article describes currently utilized methods of a programmer’s knowledge verification and skills. The research consisted of creating custom solution which was an application implementing chosen methods and carrying out test with the participation of programmers having various levels of experience, knowledge and skills. Effectiveness of assessment, reliability and verification time were evaluated based on an analysis of the results received from the research

Peer-Assisted and Team-Based Learning: A new hybrid strategy for Medical Education

ABSTRACT Medical education has been significantly changing in the last years, mainly due to new conceptions of the teaching-learning processes that advocate the employment of active methods of learning, such as Team-Based Learning (TBL). Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) is a long-established strategy that has been used in several undergraduate courses. This study describes a pilot test of a new model of PAL developed with an adapted TBL strategy, that was called “PAL-TBL method”. The test occurred during Human Physiology classes with first-year Medical undergraduate students from Universidade de Pernambuco - Garanhuns Campus, Brazil. The PAL-TBL was designed as a teaching-learning methodology to improve academic education. Here, the organizational dynamics and the design of the activities carried out from 2016 to 2017 are reported. The resulting PAL-TBL methodology is characterized as the following: (i) timing I or material preparation (context/scenario) and study/analysis of the material by the participants; (ii) timing II or verification of prior knowledge (individual and team test), questioning and feedback and (iii) timing III or applying the concepts learned. It is worth mentioning that the end of timing II consisted of a moment for evaluating the team’s work and the materials used. Material production happened through the interaction between student-tutors and the (supervising) professor, aiming to share experiences as well as to elucidate the importance of using active methods during the academic development of useful competencies for medical practice. The methodology developed allowed students to reflect extensively on the problems presented in the class discussions, allowing for a richer learning experience. Further applications of PAL-TBL in advanced years of the course will be done to confirm the benefits of this hybrid strategy for medical education.

The modern state of self-work of students of medical universities at learning of intensive therapy

The organization of active self-work while studying at the highest school can teach the future doctors and effectively to replenish their knowledge, to think actively and creatively, to constantly improve themselves, to demonstrate an innovative approach in solving urgent situations. Objective — to analyze the current state of self-work of students of medical universities in the study of intensive care. Discussion of the problem of self-work in the study of intensive care or other professional discipline, as a specific form of educational activity of medical students, is induced by adequate motivation: own self-improvement, personal growth, deepening of knowledge, etc. In the study of intensive care it is advisable to organize the control of knowledge of students. Interviews were conducted to assess the quality, efficiency and necessity of self-training in the study of intensive care when they were students. According to interns, an important point that reduces the effectiveness of the study of intensive care in the form of self-work was low motivation associated with the lack of imagination about his future professional activities and the relationship with her basic provisions of intensive care. The second problem in self-work of students, according to the interns, was the lack of a phased study of the subject, which in their view was due to the lack of time and the large number of students in the group. The third problem is the difficulty in choosing the necessary information when studying intensive care. Often, students face the problem of lack of understanding of the degree of information need and the possibilities of its application, especially in the application of information technology. According to modern requirements, self-work in the study of intensive care by students of medical universities should be divided into self-work for: gaining new knowledge; for application of knowledge in practice; for repetition and verification of knowledge, skills and abilities. So, managed self-work of students is a purposeful activity of teachers and students for systematic assimilation of personality of professionally important knowledge, skills and abilities. The use of traditional and innovative forms and methods of training that, complementing each other, would be the only system in the study of intensive care methods is the main task of organizing self-work of students. Of great importance in the organization of self-work of students acquires a clear organization of this process from the side of the educational institution and its careful planning by the teacher.

Verification of Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Model for Integrated Educational Teachers

Verification of Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Model for Integrated Educational Teachers

Options of Discovering and Verifying Mathematical Theorems – Task-design from a Philosophic-logical Point of View

Mathematical theorems can be discovered and verified in different ways. The philosophical logic provides a conceptual understanding of these processes and helps to distinguish different options of initiating them. These options are established by analyzing different textbooks and describe the possibilities of the discovery and (empirical) verification of mathematical knowledge.

Automatic manipulator for remote measurement of linear dimensions—development and integration in education courses

AbstractToday, many different components in the industry are very expensive and are hardly accessible to individual users who want to examine them and gain knowledge through a real experiment. This paper describes the development of a remote device for measuring linear dimensions and integration into an educational course. The experiment is dedicated to students in technical fields. A new, unique device—automatic manipulator for remote measurement of linear dimensions provides reliable and precise measurement of linear dimensions in laboratory conditions. It is possible to operate the device directly or remotely via the Internet, using CEyeClon Viewer software, in several different modes. Also, an example of a test for knowledge verification is presented. Students provided feedback on the quality of the course through the evaluation questionnaire. The results show that learning with remote laboratories can be very successful.

Програмно-технічне забезпечення музично-творчої діяльності майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва як умова формування фахових умінь

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issue of increasing the efficiency of the process of acquiring the necessary professional skills by students of art faculties. It ispointed out that the modern theory and practice of artistic education needs further development in this direction, because the questions of methodology, software and sound technical support of educational activity, content and methods of using computer technologies in shaping the creative qualities of future teachers, the possibilities of pedagogical mediation of the formation process, knowledge, skills and abilities of students in musical and creative activity remain not studied enough. The article states that one of the defining characteristics of a modern teacher should be a high level of information culture, the ability to effectively apply information and communication technology in training in professional activities, etc. The emphasis is placed on the fact that computer technologies provide significant opportunities for facilitating and assimilating learning information, and their use can significantly enhance the motivation of learning. One of the advantages, compared to traditional training, is the possibility of controlling and adjusting the learning process from the side of the teacher and the possibility of self-control by the students themselves, which provides the flexibility of pedagogical influences and awareness of the process of acquiring skills. Information technologies enable the verification of knowledge, which is different in objectivity, detail and completeness, facilitate the formation of students’ reflection of their activities; the use of computer technology in learning significantly reduces the time required to master the learning material.

Дилемма "экономист или математик": взгляд философии

This article is devoted to a philosophical view of a consideration of an urgent problem of the relation between mathematics and economics. The authors try to reveal and compare the main characteristics of economic and mathematical thinking, and reflect on the place of mathematics in economic research and education. We aim to formulate recommendations to achieve a methodological balance in the relation between mathematics and economics within economic research. The authors suggest studying mathematics for economists be preceded by a philosophical introduction, which would acquaint students with problems of justification and verification of mathematical knowledge, interaction of economics and mathematics, and also would give an all-philosophical view of features of economic-mathematical thinking. Mathematics is necessary for an economist, but it is only a tool to achieve some especially economic targets. This tool is used for definite purposes which don’t exhaust all the volume of the purposes of economic science.

The Correlation Of Islamic Civilization In Sciences With Western World

The nature of scientific verification of knowledge distinguishes it from mystical knowledge in empirical sciences. Islam is a religion and a civilization, historically connecting various stages of human history for more than fourteen centuries. The Islamic ethics and law “Sharia’h” are coherent legal system to protect private property within a comprehensive and rational system. Capitalism and the industrial revolution of western world dramatically transformed resulting in a socio-economic schism consequently emerged as a domineer for existence and affected the Islamic world. The secular and rationalized legal framework needed capitalism, which is incompatible with the nature of Islamic law. The western science in this civilization is also separated from morality and noble values because it has adopted materialistic philosophies and ideologies, such as Pragmatism, Darwinism, Existentialism and any other philosophy that is against the Islamic religion.
 keywords: Islamic civilization, western world, empirical sciences, Islamic ethics, Islamic law “Shari’ah”, materialistic, human History.