Knowledge Of Principles Research Articles

Project management as strategic instrument for socio-cultural sphere development

The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the main components of effective management of project activity as a unique generator of the competitiveness of management of socio-cultural industries that can ensure the implementation and high level of viability of socio-cultural projects in the conditions of globalization. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectic principle of cognition, the systematic approach and the most important provisions of the theory and practice of management. The general scientific and interdisciplinary methods of research are used, in particular, abstract-logical, modeling and sociocultural. Scientific novelty consists in the application of cultural and psychological approaches to the substantiation of a holistic system of necessary qualities, features of the functioning and implementation of project management, subjective factors of efficiency, which play an essential role in shaping its competitiveness. Conclusions. An effective project management is defined as a strategic tool for the development of the socio-cultural sphere, the features of which are: firstly, that its holistic concept is based on the interaction of economic, cultural, socio-psychological, creative and technological aspects; secondly, its effectiveness depends on the effective management of time, material and human resources, the project team, the introduction of innovations and the effective use of investments, as well as from the implementation of creative potential, professional competences (multicultural, speech, information, political, social and psychological, etc.); Thirdly, its competitiveness as an integral, complex comparative characteristic of competitive advantages, factors of management and productivity of the use of resources, compliance of the business entity with objective socio-cultural conditions, a measure of attractiveness for the consumer of socio-cultural services.

Cognitive Principles and Persuasiveness of Social Anti-Drug Advertising

Moral emancipation in post-perestroika Russia led to a massive drug abuse, at the same time narcotization has no cognitive or religious impulse, but rather is connected with hedonistic tendencies (along with many other phenomena of modern civilization, especially mass culture). The problem of the relationship of drug abuse with deviant behavior has been dramatically worsened. Anti-drug direction with prominent role of social advertising in it, is very important.The most important methodological postulate was the position about the empirical method of cognitive linguistics, which is to follow all the nuances of language forms and to find their ultimate explanation in the cognitive structures device.Cognitive approach to social advertising considers that the recipient of the advertisement perceives it through the prism of individual constructs. Persuasiveness in anti-drug advertising relies not only on logic but on psychology, and the axiology. Interpretative approach and hermeneutic approach, linguistic deduction and induction were used.

Music-evoked emotion recognition based on cognitive principles inspired EEG temporal and spectral features

Electroencephalographic (EEG) based emotion recognition has attracted increasing attention in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). But, how to use the cognitive principles to enhance the emotion recognition model is still a challenge. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the emotion cognitive process and its application. Firstly, to evoke the response emotions, a three-stage experimental paradigm of long-time music stimuli was designed. The EEG signals were recorded in 15 healthy adults during the listening of 16 music clips respectively. Then, the time course analysis method of music-evoked emotions was proposed to examine the differences of brain activities. There was great increase of the spectral power in alpha band and a slight decrease in high-frequency beta and gamma bands during music listening. Through time analysis, the characteristics of the inspiring–keeping–fading were also found in different emotional states. After that, the most relevant EEG features were selected based on the time correlation analysis between EEG and music features. Finally, based on the cognitive principles inspired EEG features, an emotional prediction system was built. From the results, the accuracies of binary classification were 66.8% for valence and 59.5% for arousal. The accuracies of 3-classes classification performed as 45.9% for valence and 45.1% for arousal. These results suggest that with the help of cognitive principles, a better emotional recognition system could be built. Understanding the cognitive process could promote the development of artificial intelligence.

When psychological science fails to be heard: the lack of evidence-based arguments in a ministerial report on child sexual abuse

One of the most debated issues in relation to child sexual abuse (CSA) is whether there should be a limitation period for prosecutions. In 2017 a French ministerial report was released proposing extension of the limitation period in part because of the sometimes long delay between the alleged events and the disclosure of the abuse. For this, the report relied on dissociative amnesia. It also advocated for the development of child victim interview protocols by victim associations. We show that dissociative amnesia is not consensual within the scientific community. Instead, we recommend scientifically reliable cognitive principles to explain the lack of memory. Moreover, interviewing techniques for children have already been designed by memory researchers to enhance recall and report of CSA, from which any uncontrolled deviation might put the child’s testimony at risk. We conclude by advocating for the use of evidence-based psychology, and for co-operation between practitioners, judges and researchers.

Applying Cognitive Engineering Principles to Allocation of Roles and Responsibilities for a Future Air Traffic Management Concept

NASA’s Management by Trajectory (MBT) concept will improve trajectory predictability by providing methods to keep aircraft on negotiated trajectories; however, the concept impacts roles and responsibilities. Most notably, MBT envisions a different distribution of responsibilities between the Radar-side and Data-side (herein called the negotiating) controllers. Cognitive engineering provides a rich history of research into understanding the roles that humans and automation play in complex systems and some principles for system design. This paper briefly summarizes this literature, focusing on principles underlying the proposed allocation of responsibilities in MBT and the source of automation and information requirements.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ СУСПІЛЬСТВА

Actuality. The scientific and technological revolution and the globalization of the world objectively form the conditions for the society transition to a new social order, when network structures and interactions become the basis of life. However, the lack of comprehensive scientific developments regarding the formation of a management system that is adequate to the new realities of society, constrains these processes and slows down the dynamics of countries' development. Purposeand methods. The purpose of the article is to develop the theoretical foundations of the formation of a modern system of life-saving society management in the context of strengthening the globalization of the world and the emergence of a new social order. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilizational and synergetic approaches to the study of social phenomena, the fundamental provisions of the theory and history of society and the management of its subsystems. Results. The essence of organizations and their management in the conditions of becoming a post-industrial society has been revealed. The nature, structure and mechanism of functioning of network organizations have been investigated. The impossibility of further effective use of obsolete hierarchical structures and methods of management has been proved. The new management system for the conditions of globalized network society has been substantiated. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in: deep understanding the essence of the concepts of «organization» and «management»; Identifying trends in the changing environment of organizations in the transition to a post-industrial society; the substantiation of the methodological foundations of the formation of a modern system of life-saving management of a society. The practical significance of the obtained results has been manifested in the possibility of using them for solving a number of theoretical problems and developing recommendations for the timely adaptation of organizations to the new logic and trends in the development of society.

Culture of Ancient Greece Management

Purpose of the article is theoretical analysis and generalization of the peculiarities of the culture of the management of Ancient Greece, which will contribute to the enrichment of cultural science with new knowledge about the formation and development of a culture of management at the stage of the birth of European civilization. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, sociocultural, activity, historical approaches, fundamental provisions of the theory and history of society, its culture and management. General scientific and interdisciplinary research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formalization. Scientific novelty of the obtained results is the discovery and systematic generalization of the features of the management culture in Ancient Greece. Conclusions. Entirely new and most significant achievement of ancient Greek management culture is the invention of a democratic system of governance, in which: first, the single state authorities are replaced by collective; secondly, members of joint management bodies are relatively equal in law; and thirdly, decisions are made by the will of the majority; fourthly, public authorities are elected; fifth, the independence of power control; sixth, desacralization of power; Seventh, the division of power into executive, legislative, judicial and authority. The first form of democratic governance was the aristocratic democracy, which included the power of the tribal nobility, which, on a democratic basis, formed the highest collective bodies of state power and governance. With the aggravation of the struggle between the aristocracy and the free population and the implementation of a series of reforms, the following forms of democratic organization and governance emerged: politics – the power and management of wealthy citizens, and popular democracy – the power of all free citizens. It was proved that the most balanced was political, and the expansion of freedom led to the redistribution of property, conflicts, wars, and the weakening of the state. Ancient contribution to the development of the theory, methodology and culture of management was made by ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Xenophon, Plato, and Aristotle, forming some prerequisites for modern scientific management.

Basis of Historiosophy

The reasons and historical background of philosophical concepts which were counted on the justification of the causative reasons for human history events have been explained. Objectives: to clarify the causative reasons of the human civilization historical progress. Methods and materials: the subject of the study is the intellectual works of historians and philosophers, which sought to explain the underpinnings (features) and orientations of the historical entity. The work is based on the use of general scientific analytic and synthetic methods and historical as well: hermeneutics, reductionist method, system and chronological problem analysis etc. Methodical principles of the scientific cognition were also used in the work. The thesis states that long period of time historiosophy was regarded as so-called complex of philosophical ideas about features of human history evolution have been proved. It was studied out that historiosophy appears on the verge of XVIII – XIX centuries, though we can see the origins from Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis). Historiosophy, obviously or not, tries to answer the current interest questions of the human entity in historical period. It was discovered that Modern and Enlightenment Age historiosophy went along with historical optimism, by confidence in «mind reigning» advent and in the future. Later on, in the first half of the XIX century, looking for the methods of historical actuality research, historiosophy was breaking down the subject of its study into «early history» and its derivatives areas. Thus human was chosen to be the subject of historiosophy and history was interpreted as an element of human life experience. It was proved that in XX century attention of historiosophians was directed at one ontological problem – analysis of the life mobility and stability. This, in turn, has to do with the question of time and entity correlation, and realization of temporality phenomenon as a determinant of historicity phenomenon. Conclusions: historiosophy today appears as a synthetic interdisciplinary knowledge, which defines its feature with systematic approach to the reality phenomenons. It studies human history as a holistic and all-embracing universe of the human culture; defines the causal relationship of the historical process, its determinations and future of the human existence.
 Keywords: historiosophy, history, philosophy, process, civilization

FEATURES OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MODERN GREECE

At the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century in international relations the issue of identity comes to the fore. This is connected with the restructuring of the international system after the collapse of the USSR. In a crisis, the question of identity sets the direction for development and achieving stability. Formation of national identity is one of the key moments for democratic countries, depending on external and internal factors. Global changes around the world have revealed the fundamental differences underlying the existing national identity. Obviously, the need for a strong national identity is now faced by most developed countries. This issue is significant for most European countries building a contradictory multicultural society. Appeal to the practice of such states will allow to analyze the national identity. An analysis of the national identity of Greece is of particular interest and can contribute to a better understanding of current events. The study of national identity in modern Greece is of great importance for a correct understanding of how this state and its citizens identify themselves. The economic crisis in Greece struck not only the financial sector, but also caused a crisis of national identity. The research is based on general scientific principles of cognition of social phenomena. Systemic, historical and comparative approaches are used to reveal the specifics of national identity in Greece these days. The system approach allowed using a set of methods for analyzing scientific literature, conference materials and scientific articles on this topic. With the help of the historical approach, it was possible to identify the role of Orthodoxy and Byzantine heritage in the formation of national identity in Greece.

Spectral Meter: Dramatizing Entrainment and Communicating Form in Gérard Grisey’sVortex Temporum I(1994–96)

In this paper, I apply theories of metric cognition, especially Justin London’s theory of meter as entrainment behavior (2012), to analysis of form in the first section ofVortex Temporum I(Rehearsal numbers 1–37). I analyze this section in terms of listeners’ evolving entrainment responses to its meters, finding that the first section outlines a changing relationship with meter from subconscious expectation to conscious audition. I ground my analysis in Grisey’s temporal theory (1987) and theories of musical communication, as well as recent work in metric cognition, metric conflict, and meter-driven form. My paper thus proposes an expansion of spectral thought by showing how Grisey structures a piece around a metric cognitive principle much as he builds other pieces around cognitive principles in the domains of pitch and timbre.

A Comparative Review of Caring Thinking and Its Implications on Teaching and Learning

Purpose – This paper undertakes a comparative review of the concept of ‘Caring Thinking’ from the perspectives of specific scholars (with different cultural voices) in the field of Educational Psychology. Specifically, it focuses on the area of Thinking and Cognition.Methodology – The review scrutinised the concept of caring thinking in Matthew Lipman’s (2003) Thinking Model as well as Mohd Daud Hamzah and Abdul Kadir Arifin’s (2001) Islamic Cognitive Processes Model (ICPM). Employing a cross-cultural comparative review, the analysis concentrated on the commonalities shared and the differences between the two schools of thought.The aspects of comparison included cognition principles, caring thinking inventory, thinking direction, human characterisation and role of beings.Findings – This review suggests that the scholars propagate and share comparable nuances on the underlying characteristics of human cognition in order to facilitate the formation of the caring thinking concept. However, the interplay of human inner drive which incorporates values is deliberated in different cultural voices. While Lipman (2003) vastly discusses the caring thinking model based on the western context, Mohd Daud Hamzah and Abdul Kadir Arifin’s (2001) cognition model attempts to highlight human cognitive process from an Islamic perspective.Significance – These findings suggest the need to understand the derivation of human cognition processes, that further explains the ability to sense bad and good values in moral virtue development. Fundamentally, this discussion considers the perspectives of both models regarding the formation of an individuals’ thoughts and behaviours, which reflect the attributes of ‘caring thinking’. It implies that greater effort should be undertaken to explore how caring thinking can be made useful to the field of education.

Creative Teaching Model of Civil Engineering Classroom Based on Brain Cognitive Science

In the past ten years, the researches on brain science and neuropedagogy has developed rapidly, which has a revolutionary influence on education and teaching. The cross development of brain science, neuroscience and classroom teaching is the inevitable trend of education development. Based on the macro-micro principle of brain cognition and in combination with various factors that influence the teaching of civil engineering course, this study establishes a model of full time-space infiltration teaching system, and puts forward the teaching strategy on the basis of the teaching model, so as to improve and realize the scientific and high-efficient classroom teaching and promote the efficiency and effect of teaching.

Correlation between Emotion and Job Burnout Decision-making Quality Based on Cognitive Neuroscience

Emotional factors can have an important influence on people's daily decision-making behavior. Many experts have studied people's decision-making differences under different emotions, but few have focused on the regulatory effects of emotional factors on decision-making quality under specific conditions. Based on the above-mentioned cognition, this study selects the decision-making behavior in the state of job burnout as the research background, and explores the effect of positive emotion on decision-making quality by using the situation control experiment. The results show that the quality of decision-making in the state of job burnout is significantly reduced, which shows higher error rate and longer decision-making time. Positive emotion can effectively improve the decision-making quality under the state of job burnout, but its influence cannot be completely eliminated. In addition, the observation of the feedback-related negative waves (FRN) of the subjects shows that the state of burnout can significantly improve the fluctuation degree of brain waves, and the establishment of positive emotion can effectively alleviate the higher fluctuation of brain waves, which is the cognitive neuroscience principle of positive regulation of positive emotion.

Five Popular Study Strategies: Their Pitfalls and Optimal Implementations

Researchers’ and educators’ enthusiasm in applying cognitive principles to enhance educational practices has become more evident. Several published reviews have suggested that some potent strategies can help students learn more efficaciously. Unfortunately, for whatever reason, students do not report frequent reliance on these empirically supported techniques. In the present review, we take a novel approach, identifying study strategies for which students have strong preferences and assessing whether these preferred strategies have any merit given existing empirical evidence from the cognitive and educational literatures. Furthermore, we provide concrete recommendations for students, instructors, and psychologists. For students, we identify common pitfalls and tips for optimal implementation for each study strategy. For instructors, we provide recommendations for how they can assist students to more optimally implement these study strategies. For psychologists, we highlight promising avenues of research to help augment these study strategies.

A Construção Transitiva no português brasileiro: aspectos cognitivo-interacionais

<p>Este artigo discute aspectos cognitivo-interacionais relacionados a uma subclasse de construções de estrutura argumental: a <em>Construção Transitiva</em>. Alinha-se teoricamente à Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso que abriga a concepção de que as línguas são moldadas pela complexa interação de princípios cognitivos e funcionais. A partir da análise de dados empíricos, a pesquisa conclui que a Construção Transitiva é altamente esquemática e produtiva, em termos de <em>types </em>e de <em>tokens</em>, o que justifica o alto número de verbos licenciados por essa construção, e atesta que a aproximação ou afastamento entre as instanciações são motivados preponderantemente por propriedades semânticas.</p>

Group Membership, Group Change, and Intergroup Attitudes: A Recategorization Model Based on Cognitive Consistency Principles.

The present article introduces a model based on cognitive consistency principles to predict how new identities become integrated into the self-concept, with consequences for intergroup attitudes. The model specifies four concepts (self-concept, stereotypes, identification, and group compatibility) as associative connections. The model builds on two cognitive principles, balance–congruity and imbalance–dissonance, to predict identification with social groups that people currently belong to, belonged to in the past, or newly belong to. More precisely, the model suggests that the relative strength of self-group associations (i.e., identification) depends in part on the (in)compatibility of the different social groups. Combining insights into cognitive representation of knowledge, intergroup bias, and explicit/implicit attitude change, we further derive predictions for intergroup attitudes. We suggest that intergroup attitudes alter depending on the relative associative strength between the social groups and the self, which in turn is determined by the (in)compatibility between social groups. This model unifies existing models on the integration of social identities into the self-concept by suggesting that basic cognitive mechanisms play an important role in facilitating or hindering identity integration and thus contribute to reducing or increasing intergroup bias.

Processos cognitivos de domínio geral: evidências em instanciações da construção transitiva

Este artigo examina processos cognitivos de domínio geral que estão atrelados ao uso linguístico, mais precisamente à manifestação discursiva de um tipo de construção de estrutura argumental: a construção transitiva. Seu objetivo é discutir evidências da atuação desses processos nas instanciações dessa construção a partir do exame de dados empíricos oriundos de situações comunicativas reais. O trabalho ancora-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, que abriga a concepção de que as línguas são moldadas pela complexa interação de princípios cognitivos e funcionais. Esses desempenham um papel basilar na manifestação dos fenômenos linguísticos. Alinhado a esse viés teórico, este artigo adota a perspectiva da gramática de construção na análise. Evidencia-se que os processos cognitivos de domínio geral atrelados à experiência motivam a expressão de instanciações da construção transitiva que se afastam do membro prototípico, mas que, por analogia, são tomadas do modo semelhante. Os padrões linguísticos são vistos como consequência da atuação desses processos cognitivos e, ao observá-los, estamos situando a língua num amplo contexto do comportamento humano.

Multimodal Hierarchical Face Recognition using Information from 2.5D Images

Facial recognition under uncontrolled acquisition environments faces major challenges that limit the deployment of real-life systems. The use of 2.5D information can be used to improve discriminative power of such systems in conditions where RGB information alone would fail. In this paper we propose a multimodal extension of a previous work, based on SIFT descriptors of RGB images, integrated with LBP information obtained from depth scans, modeled by an hierarchical framework motivated by principles of human cognition. The framework was tested on EURECOM dataset and proved that the inclusion of depth information improved significantly the results in all the tested conditions, compared to independent unimodal approaches.

Contribution of Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835) to Clinical Surgery and Traumatology (in commemoration of the 240th anniversary of the birth)

G. Dupuytren was a representative of an anatomic and physiologic direction as he deemed that the surgery should develop on the basis of the achievements of the anatomy and physiology. He rightfully earned a reputation of the best French surgeon that ensured him wealth, fame and titles. Principle theoretic and practical propositions and discoveries of G. Dupuytren are still the background of our knowledge in surgery. General theoretical and methodological principles of scientific cognition that were used by Dupuytren characterize him not only as a great surgeon and traumatologist, but an eminent scientist and thinker as well.

Socio-pedagogical model of achieving new educational results in the system of secondary professional education

The author considers the organizational and substantive bases of achieving new educational results in professional education from the standpoint of social-pedagogical approach, justifies its importance in the improvement of quality of Secondary Professional Education (SPE). The article examines the traditional and innovative (pilot) integration models of the professional training of specialists for the current job market in the system of secondary professional education, determines the key subjects of professional education, their powers and responsibility, as well as marks the pat for achieving compatibility of educational results and the requirements of modern industrial enterprises. Methodological foundation for this research is the philosophical principles of cognition – integrity, consistency, general communication, causality. Solution of the problems at hand is carried out on the basis of scientific methods of idealization, synthesis, comparative and qualitative content analysis, expert assessment. The scientific novelty lies in a consideration of possible position of assessing the new educational results in the SPE system, acceptable for educational institutions and industrial enterprises. A conclusion is made on the need for reconciliation of requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of new generation with requirements of the professional standards to solve the problem of youth employment.