Some countries are characterized by high population growth rates, immigration trends, and erratic demographic change; this presents broad and complex challenges in determining population and population density. Therefore, it is important to perform a population census in a fast and affordable manner; the use of satellite images that have thermal bands can be considered an effective method for this process. In our study, we used a combined tool (Spatial Analyst) and a statistical concept for grouped data to determine conversion factors (arithmetic means) between land surface temperature and population density. Landsat satellite images for 2019 and population density obtained from the Kirkuk Governorate are the data used in this research. After applying the spatial analysis and statistics on the 13 sectors we specified, the computed conversion factors were 2300.00, 898.65, 830.81, 668.65, 585.49, 559.66, 509.28, 452.69, 412.71, and 241.57 for temperatures of 30.5, 31.5, 32.5, 33.5, 34.5, 35.5, 36.5, 37.5, 38.5, and 39.5 Celsius respectively.