Abstract
In this study, the adsorption method was investigated for removing vanadium (V+5), nickel (Ni+2) and cadmium (Cd+2) ions from aqueous solutions contaminated with these metals, which simulate the polluting metals of the liquid wastewater of oil refineries in three Iraqi refineries, namely the Kirkuk refinery - Kirkuk governorate in northern Iraq, and the Doura refinery - Baghdad in central Iraq and Al-Shuaiba refinery in Basra Governorate, southern Iraq. Three types of pre-prepared common adsorbents were used, which are activated carbon, alumina, and white eggshells in a batch mode unit. The results obtained from the study showed that 5 was the best acidic function (pH) for removing vanadium and cadmium by using all adsorbent materials, while the acidic function with a value of 6 was the optimum in the case of nickel. Likewise, the equilibrium concentration with the activated carbon only reached 150 ppm for vanadium and cadmium and 100 ppm for elemental nickel. The nickel equilibrium concentration reached 90 and 75 ppm using alumina and white eggshells respectively. The equilibrium concentrations of vanadium were 100 for the rest of the substances. The results obtained also showed that increasing the agitation speed leads to enhancing the removal efficiency within less than 400 rpm and with a best contact time was 150 minute under ambient temperature and with an amount of adsorbent ranged between 0.3 - 0.7 g of different adsorbent.
Highlights
Pollution is one of the major problems facing humans and environments, especially after the technological development accompanying contemporary life, and pollution occurs in its various forms, whether it is air, water or soil pollution
The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of the batch adsorption process of three adsorbents, which are activated carbon prepared from cigarette butts, alumina prepared from aluminum foil and white eggshells to remove three heavy metals, namely, vanadium, nickel and cadmium from wastewater discharged from three Iraqi oil refineries, as well as studying the isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process
Effect of Acidic Function: The effect of the acidic function on removing heavy metal ions from simulated aqueous solution using activated carbon, alumina and white eggshells was studied with a range between (18) and the rest of the other operational factors were kept at optimum values
Summary
Pollution is one of the major problems facing humans and environments, especially after the technological development accompanying contemporary life, and pollution occurs in its various forms, whether it is air, water or soil pollution. Most conventional adsorption systems use activated carbon as the adsorbent [6] The reason for this is due to the large numbers of surface pores that make the surface area subjected to adsorption wide relative to the actual volume affecting as well as the possibility of reactivating it, as the efficiency of the adsorption decreases over time, and requires replacing or regenerating the activated carbon by heat or chemicals. From another side the adsorption capacity decreases with increasing temperature [7]. The aim of preparing these materials was to obtain adsorbent materials that could be used in special applications or adsorbent materials from cheap natural sources [8]
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