Wind Kinetic Energy Research Articles

Editorial - Sustainable Power Generation: Harnessing the Potential of Renewable Energy Sources

The world is at a critical juncture in its energy evolution, facing the pressing need to transition from fossil fuels to sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. Renewable energy sources, particularly wind energy, have emerged as a promising solution for electricity generation. Renewable energy sources: wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, and biomass are resources that can be naturally replenished and harnessed without depleting finite reserves. Differently from fossil fuels, renewable energy offers a clean and sustainable pathway for meeting the world’s increasing energy demands without emitting harmful greenhouse gases and contributing to climate change. Among various renewable energy sources, wind energy stands out for its remarkable potential and rapid growth. Wind energy is generated through the kinetic energy of wind, which is converted into electricity by modern wind turbines. These turbines consist of large blades that rotate when exposed to wind, activating a generator to produce electrical power. The wind energy sector has witnessed remarkable advancements in turbine technology and operational efficiency. While wind energy is environmentally friendly during operation, its manufacturing and installation processes do have some environmental impacts. These include raw material extraction and land use changes. However, these impacts are relatively minor compared to the long-term benefits of clean energy production.

Measurement and analysis for the improvement of efficiency and power of Savonius vertical axis wind turbines without dimples and fins

Energy effective approaches to improve the extraction of work from different sources of renewable energy are still appreciated in this energy starved world. Wind energy is one such widely used source. Wind energy is one of the world's most rapidly expanding electricity industries and most exciting alternative energy sources. A. Crespo, J. Hernandez, and S. Frandsen, “Survey of modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms Wind turbine technology is a method for converting wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. Efforts have been made in recent years to increase the capacity and reliability of standard Savonius VAWTs, which are not only easy to create but can also be used as a renewable energy source to meet the needs of rural areas with low power consumption. A.J. Alexander, B.P. Holownia Wind tunnel tests on a Savonius rotor; Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics In this present research paper, we analysis for the improvement of Efficiency and the power of the Savonius type wind turbine without using dimples on their blades and fins for more pressure generation Akwa, J. V., Vielmo et al., Review on the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbines“, Renewable and Sustainable Energy. the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine could be a safer alternative because it can also work in low wind conditions The aim of this model is to demonstrate its performance in varying wind conditions as opposed to the conventional horizontal axis wind turbine, and to contribute to its steady increasing popularity as a reliable source of power generation in the near future.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOATING DESIGN FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION

In the past several decades, there were presented different innovative technologies rather than traditional wind turbines for renewable energy that uses wind kinetic energy and remains in the air through aerodynamic forces. Unlike wind turbines with towers, their systems operate in a flight, and they are connected to a foundation by a cable that either transmits the energy generated at the airfoil or transmits mechanical energy to the ground. Nowadays, there are several existing and developing technologies; however, each of them has limitations and challenges. This work will present an analysis of air floating design for electricity generation at high altitudes. It is a tethered wind turbine with a Balloon system, which has a simple controlling system, relatively higher efficiency, and low-cost technology. The concept of the design is to model the electricity generation device powered by clean renewable energy, mainly wind power. Base on the concept of kite or helium balloon to provide enough buoyancy to keep the device working at certain altitude. To increase the energy conversion efficiency and the feasibility of the device, it is mostly used in the country, open area. Despite high efficiency which needs further investigation, the designed device is moveable, pollution free and little space consumed.

An efficient method for speed control of induction wind turbine generator with dual AC-DC-AC converter

One of the key issues in the efficient conversion of wind kinetic energy into electricity is the regulation of turbine speed to achieve maximum electrical power generation. The asynchronous generator with full load double AC-DC-AC power converter has not been widely used due to its poor performance in low wind speed. In this paper a method for turbine speed control of induction generator with full-scale double AC-DC-AC power converter to maximize absorbed wind power in the wide wind speed range, using the calculated maximum turbine power as a reference, is proposed. The configuration of an AC-DC-AC converter for connecting an asynchronous generator to the grid, as well as modeling of Pulse Width Modulation converter is presented in detail. Performance of the proposed control concept to maximize the absorbed wind power is verified through the simulation in MATLAB®. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed control concept are discussed.

Diurnal Dynamics of the Umov Kinetic Energy Density Vector in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Minisodar Measurements

The diurnal hourly dynamics of the kinetic energy flux density vector, called the Umov vector, and the mean and turbulent components of the kinetic energy are estimated from minisodar measurements of wind vector components and their variances in the lower 200 m layer of the atmosphere. During a 24 h period of continuous minisodar observations, it was established that the mean kinetic energy density dominated in the surface atmospheric layer at altitudes below ~50 m. At altitudes from 50 to 100 m, the relative contributions of the mean and turbulent wind kinetic energy densities depended on the time of the day and the sounding altitude. At altitudes below 100 m, the contribution of the turbulent kinetic energy component is small, and the ratio of the turbulent to mean wind kinetic energy components was in the range 0.01–10. At altitudes above 100 m, the turbulent kinetic energy density sharply increased, and the ratio reached its maximum equal to 100–1000 at altitudes of 150–200 m. A particular importance of the direction and magnitude of the wind effect, that is, of the direction and magnitude of the Umov vector at different altitudes was established. The diurnal behavior of the Umov vector depended both on the time of the day and the sounding altitude. Three layers were clearly distinguished: a near-surface layer at altitudes of 5–15 m, an intermediate layer at altitudes from 15 m to 150 m, and the layer of enhanced turbulence above. The feasibility is illustrated of detecting times and altitudes of maximal and minimal wing kinetic energy flux densities, that is, time periods and altitude ranges most and least favorable for flights of unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed novel method of determining the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Umov vector from minisodar measurements can also be used to estimate the effect of wind on high-rise buildings and the energy potential of wind turbines.

Comprehensive Analysis with Enhanced Resolution of HAWT Blade using CFD

Energy is an important aspect for all countries. Due to the overexploitation of resources, nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels, are depleting day by day. This calls for alternative power sources, such as wind energy. Wind energy is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy. One of the ways of harvesting this energy is using wind turbines, which transform the kinetic energy of wind into electrical power output. Wind turbines face many problems, such as low wind hours, design issues, and so on.
 The main focus of this work is to find the optimum blade angle of turbine blades, in order to produce the maximum power output, even at low wind hours. In this study, CFD analysis is done on a 5 MW wind turbine blade at wind velocities 3, 12.5 and 25 m/s, which are the cut in, rated, and cut out velocities of wind turbines, respectively. The range of angles under consideration varies from 20 to 89 °. A 3D model of the blade is analyzed using ANSYS Fluent 19.0. The optimum blade angle is identified, and the characteristics of the curves of blade angles, with respect to different parameters, are obtained.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Optimum Blade angle for better moment
 Pressure and velocity Characteristics at various blade angles
 5MW HAWT blade moments for wind velocity of 3,12.5 and 25 m/s
 The maximum moment is obtained at an angle 82 degree at various wind velocities
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Introducing and investigation of a pumped hydro-compressed air storage based on wind turbine and alkaline fuel cell and electrolyzer

Traditional energy resources are costly and depleting, and their use leads to environmental pollution. The renewable energy resources usage (especially in combination) is unavoidable to meet the energy demand of human societies and achieve sustainable development. The aim of this paper is present the investigation of a new energy system operation based on fuel cell technology and wind energy. The novel energy conversion process proposed consisting of an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), wind turbine (WT) and alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) with pumped hydro-compressed air electrical energy system (PC-EES) to store energy. WT and AFC convert the wind kinetic energy and the fuel chemical energy into electricity, respectively. The electricity generated by the WT provides the power needed by the AEL to provide fuel and oxidant of the AFC. The unused electricity of the WT and output power of the AFC is stored by the PC-EES system. By considering the rate hydrogen production of 0.01 kg/h for AEL, it was found that the electrolyzer consumes 628.4 W of electricity (from WT) and the AFC generates 70.4 W of electrical power. Furthermore, the mean output and efficiency of the WT are 1.91 kW and 19.1%, respectively. Also, the storage efficiency of the system was 70.8%. On average, the system is able to store up to 1.35 kW of power with electrical output. The volume of the storage system during isothermal and isentropic processes was 7.8 and 9.9 m3, respectively.

Variability and upward trend in the kinetic energy of western boundary currents over the last century: impacts from barystatic and dynamic sea level change

Global sea level reconstruction (RecSL) for 1900–2015 was used to estimate the variations in oceanic kinetic energy (OKE) and compare OKE with changes in wind patterns and wind kinetic energy (WKE); the comparison was done for each latitude and for 5 western boundary currents (WBCs). Two contributors to variability in sea level were analyzed: gravitational, rotational and deformational effects (GRD) related to changes in water masses (barystatic sea level change), and changes in the sterodynamic sea level (SDSL), associated with changes in wind, steric sea level and ocean circulation. GRD changes were responsible for latitudinal multidecadal variations with time scale of ~ 60 to 80 years, while SDSL changes were responsible for interannual and decadal variability, and together with the Greenland ice melt, to sea level acceleration since the 1960s. Regional changes near WBCs show a coherent upward trend in OKE (+ 24% ± 3 increase per century), while trends in WKE over the same regions changed widely from -11% (decrease) over the Gulf Stream region to + 28% (increase) over the Brazil Current region. Low frequency oscillations of wind and oceanic kinetic energy are correlated in some WBCs (e.g., R = 0.5 in the Kuroshio region) but not in others (e.g., R = -0.05 in the Gulf Stream region). The study suggests that several forcing mechanisms contribute to the increased OKE, they include an increased wind-stress curl over subtropical gyres, local changes in wind patterns that impact some WBCs, and large uneven warming near WBCs that increased sea level gradients and thus intensified OKE.

Hydrogen fuel and electricity generation from a new hybrid energy system based on wind and solar energies and alkaline fuel cell

Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has led to depletion of reserves and environmental crises. Therefore, turning to clean energy sources is essential. However, these energy sources are intermittent in nature and have problems meeting long-term energy demand. The option suggested by the researchers is to use hybrid energy systems. The aim of this paper is provide the conceptual configuration of a novel energy cycle based on clean energy resources. The novel energy cycle is composed of a wind turbine, solar photovoltaic field (PV), an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), a Stirling engine and an electrolyzer. Solar PV and wind turbine convert solar light energy and wind kinetic energy into electricity, respectively. Then, the generated electricity is fed to water electrolyzer. The electrolyzer decomposes water into oxygen and hydrogen gases by receiving electrical power. So the fuel cell inlets are provided. Next, the AFC converts the chemical energy contained in hydrogen into electricity during electrochemical reactions with by-product (heat). The purpose of the introduced cycle is to generate electricity and hydrogen fuel. The relationships defined for the components of the proposed cycle are novel and is examined for the first time. Results showed that the output of the introduced cycle is 10.5 kW of electricity and its electrical efficiency is 56.9%. In addition, the electrolyzer uses 9.9 kW of electricity to produce 221.3 grams per hour of hydrogen fuel. The share of the Stirling engine in the output power of the cycle is 9.85% (1033.7 W) which is obtained from the dissipated heat of the fuel cell. In addition, wind turbine is capable of generating an average of 4.1 kW of electricity. However, 238.6 kW of cycle exergy is destroyed. Two different scenarios are presented for solar field design.

Numerical Assessment and Parametric Optimization of a Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester for IoT-Based Applications

In the 21st century, researchers have been showing keen interest in the areas of wireless networking and internet of things (IoT) devices. Conventionally, batteries have been used to power these networks; however, due to the limited lifespan of batteries and with the recent advancements in piezoelectric technology, there is a dramatic increase in renewable energy harvesting devices. In this research, an eco-friendly wind energy harvesting device based on the piezoelectric technique is analytically modeled, numerically simulated, and statistically optimized for low power applications. MATLAB toolbox SIMSCAPE is utilized to simulate the proposed wind energy harvester in which a windmill is used to produce rotational motion due to the kinetic energy of wind. The windmill’s rotational shaft is further connected to the rotary to linear converter (RLC) and vibration enhancement mechanism (VEM) for the generation of translational mechanical vibration. Consequently, due to these alternative linear vibrations, the piezoelectric stack produces sufficient electrical output. The output response of the energy harvester is analyzed for the various conditions of piezoelectric thickness, wind speed, rotor angular velocity, and VEM stiffness. It is observed that the electrical power of the proposed harvester is proportional to the cube of wind speed and is inversely proportional to the number of rotor blades. Furthermore, an optimization strategy based on the full factorial design of the experiment is developed and implemented on MINITAB 18.0 for evaluating the statistical performance of the proposed harvester. It is noticed that a design with 3 rotor-blades, having 3 mm piezoelectric thickness, and 40 Nm−1 stiffness generates the optimum electrical response of the harvester.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study on the Effect of the Number of Blades on the Performance of Double-Stage Savonius Rotor

Wind energy is known as renewable energy with the properties of the free, abundant and readily available source of energy. Wind power has now been seen as an alternative way to generate electricity. However, the existing wind turbines to harness this energy, which is used to transform wind kinetic energy into electricity still suffer low conversion capabilities. This study is therefore set out to evaluate the performance of a double-stage Savonius-type rotor while aiming to examine the effectiveness of this technique in increasing the efficiency while overcoming the inherent low inefficiency of the Savonius rotor. The simulations involved the use of the K-omega SST as the turbulent viscosity model. Three simulation models based on a different number of blades on the double-stage model are tested in terms of torque, power, torque coefficient and power coefficient. It is concluded that the double-stage technique was capable of enhancing the performance of the Savonius rotor. It was observed that more blades on a double-stage rotor have a negative effect on the performance of the Savonius rotor in terms of both torque efficiency and power efficiency. Comparing the three models, it was found that the two-blade model of the double-stage produced more torque and power output compared to the other three-blade and four-blade models of the double-stage Savonius rotor. Furthermore, the highest conversion efficiency in terms of power among all models occurs at the TSR of 0.6 with a corresponding maximum power coefficient of 18.4%.

Interdecadal Variation of the Atmospheric Heat Source over the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Asian Monsoon Region: Impact on the Northern Hemisphere Summer Circulation

We use 71-yr (1948–2018) reanalysis data to investigate the interdecadal variation in the atmospheric heat source (Q1) over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding Asian monsoon region (AMTP) and its effect on the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation. The large-scale circulation driven by Q1 over the AMTP is characterized by a center of convergent (divergent) or low (high) potential wind function in the lower (upper) troposphere. Q1 over the AMTP shows a clear interdecadal variation (with positive-negative-positive phases) and these three phases correspond to the time periods 1948–1972, 1973–2005, and 2006–2018, respectively. The thermal circulation has a corresponding interdecadal variation as a response to the interdecadal variation in Q1. An enhanced Q1 leads to an increase in the conversion of the total potential energy to non-divergent wind kinetic energy via the divergent wind velocity. The maximum conversion occurs in the tropopause. The primary thermal forcing for Q1 is produced by the intense, large volume precipitation of the summer monsoon. This induces a response in the large-scale circulation, leading to large-scale divergence patterns. The synergistic effects of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) influence Q1 over the AMTP, which is ultimately responsible for the modulation of variations in the global divergent circulation. The global divergent circulation in summer is therefore essentially a direct thermodynamic circulation driven by the strong Q1 over the AMTP.

Metallicity-dependent wind parameter predictions for OB stars

ABSTRACTMass-loss rates and terminal wind velocities are key parameters that determine the kinetic wind energy and momenta of massive stars. Furthermore, accurate mass-loss rates determine the mass and rotational velocity evolution of mass stars, and their fates as neutron stars and black holes in function of metallicity (Z). Here, we update our Monte Carlo mass-loss Recipe with new dynamically consistent computations of the terminal wind velocity – as a function of Z. These predictions are particularly timely as the Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project will observe ultraviolet spectra with blue-shifted P Cygni lines of hundreds of massive stars in the low-Z Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (SMC), as well as sub-SMC metallicity hosts. Around 35 000 K, we uncover a weak-wind ‘dip’ and we present diagnostics to investigate its physics with ULLYSES and X-Shooter data. We discuss how the dip may provide important information on wind-driving physics, and how this is of key relevance towards finding a new gold-standard for OB star mass-loss rates. For B supergiants below the Fe iv to iii bi-stability jump, the terminal velocity is found to be independent of Z and M, while the mass-loss rate still varies as $\dot{M} \propto Z^{0.85}$. For O-type stars above the bi-stability jump we, find a terminal-velocity dependence of $\mbox{$v _{\infty }$}\propto Z^{0.19}$ and the Z-dependence of the mass-loss rate is found to be as shallow as $\dot{M} \propto Z^{0.42}$, implying that to reproduce the ‘heavy’ black holes from LIGO/Virgo, the ‘low Z’ requirement becomes even more stringent than was previously anticipated.

Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 2/2.

The process of conversion of wind kinetic energy into electricity in innovative wind power plant emits practically no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production stage of its components requires a lot of energy and materials. The biggest problem during production planning process of an innovative wind power plant is selection of materials and technologies and, consequently, the waste generated at this stage. Therefore, the aim of this publication was to conduct an environmental analysis of the life cycle of elements of a wind turbine by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The object of the research was a wind power plant divided into five sets of components (tower, turbine structure, rotors, generators, and instrumentation), made mainly of steel and small amounts of polymer materials. Eco-indicator 99 was used as an analytical procedure. The impact of the subjects of analysis on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was assessed. Among the analyzed components, the highest level of negative impact on the environment was characterized by the life cycle of the wind turbine tower. The application of recycling processes is reducing the negative impact on the environment in the perspective of the entire life cycle of all studied elements of the wind power plant construction.

Characterising the seasonal cycle of wind forcing, surface circulation and temperature around the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands

Located between the sub-Antarctic Front and the Antarctic Polar Front, the Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) provide an essential breeding ground for top predators and are an ideal location to investigate disturbances linked to climate change. This study provides the first seasonal characterisation of surface hydrography at the PEIs, using satellite and reanalysis products from 1993 to 2016. Sea surface temperature (SST) showed consistently higher values to the north, while wind, currents and eddy kinetic energy all showed higher values to the south of the islands. The highest SST (8 °C) occurred in summer and the lowest (2 °C) in winter, with a one-to two-month delay between the maximum incoming solar radiation (in December–January) and the highest SST (in February). The highest wind speed occurred in July (10.8 m s−1) and the minimum in February (7 m s−1). Geostrophic currents were four-times larger than Ekman currents, showing lower speeds between April and June (0.25–0.30 m s−1) and a peak in August (0.45 m s−1). There were no significant differences for SST and Ekman currents between the regions upstream and downstream of the PEIs. In contrast, surface total and geostrophic current velocities were weaker downstream because the islands act as a barrier to the flow. A zone of lower wind speed, coinciding with enhanced positive wind stress curl (WSC), favouring downwelling, occurred directly upstream throughout the year. Although WSC over the PEIs was negative (upwelling-favourable), no corresponding cooling was evident in SST. This seasonal characterisation provides a baseline against which interannual/decadal variability and future changes in these parameters can be assessed.

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Performance Enhancement Via Utilizing the Repulsive Characteristics of Permanent Magnets

Humans have been using wind power for past thousands of years to propel sailboats and ships. But from calendar year 1980s, in the energy sector we can see dramatic development in the form of wind energy. Today in renewable power, other than the hydropower, together with solar power, the wind is also most important source energy. Here the wind energy conversion system; consist of turbine which transforms the kinetic energy available in the wind into the mechanical energy, then the mechanical energy is boosted up with the help of gearbox and then generators are used to transform the rotational mechanical energy into the electrical energy. Now this paper mainly concentrates on the implementation of “magnetic propelling phenomenon” to improve the efficiency of the VAWT system and technology will be implemented between the rotating plane and fixed plane below the turbine, in such way that like polarities facing each other to create magnetic repulsion. The natural property of magnetic repulsion which is created between like poles of magnets can be used as a source of energy. Thus this system will operate with an additional feature like, magnetic repulsion characteristics. The force which is created as the result of the magnetic repulsion will also adds kinetic energy to the turbine while converting the wind kinetic energy into the rotational mechanical energy by the turbines, Hence here our PMP-VAWT system has the ability to operate in the both high & low wind speed environment condition with better efficiency due to the implementation of magnetic repulsive characteristics, and here our choice is to demonstrate the efficiency of PMP-VAWT system as compared to the Traditional VAWT system.

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВІТРОГІДРОНАСОСНОЇ СТАНЦІЇ ЗНАЧНОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ

Розвиток відновлюваних джерел енергії в Україні характеризується стрімкими темпами. Станом на вересень 2020 року встановлена потужність вітроелектричних (ВЕС) та фотоелектричних (ФЕС) станцій складає біля 6 ГВт, що відповідає майже 20% максимального навантаження електроенергетичної системи на чинний момент часу. Тому на сьогодні набуває актуальності задача акумулювання стохастичного надходження електроенергії ВЕС та ФЕС в електроенергетичну систему, зумовлена неузгодженістю графіків генерування та споживання потужності. Ідея застосування гідроакумулювальних електростанцій (ГАЕС) для накопичення стохастичного надходження енергії ВЕС і ФЕС починає знаходити своє практичне втілення. В Іспанії вже декілька років функціонує вітродизельна електростанція для подачі води в басейн-акумулятор ГАЕС потужністю 11 МВт. Досвід експлуатації цього комплексу засвідчив суттєве зменшення його енергетичної ефективності, зумовлене стохастичним характером надходження енергії вітру. Тому на часі вирішення задачі визначення енергетичної ефективності процесу перетворення кінетичної енергії вітру в потенційну енергію води, накопиченої в басейні-акумуляторі, з урахуванням наявності пульсацій швидкості вітру . В даній роботі виконана оцінка енергетичної ефективності потужної гідронасосної станції при електроживленні двигунів насосів від вітроелектричної установки з урахуванням пульсацій швидкості вітру та кількості гідроелектричних агрегатів у складі станції. Визначення кількісних значень оцінюваних параметрів базувалось на результатах математичного моделювання динаміки навантажувальних режимів роботи вітрогідронасосної станції з урахуванням стохастичної зміни швидкості вітру. Математична модель являє собою систему нелінійних диференційних рівнянь, що описує взаємодію двох інерційних складових єдиної аероелектрогідродинамічної системи. Визначено раціональне співвідношення кількості гідронасосів в складі насосної станції для досягнення максимальних значень коефіцієнта використання встановленої потужності вітрогідронасосної станції. Бібл. 29, рис. 6.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Performance of Wind Turbine

This research depends on carrying out an applied and numerical analysis for capability to utilize winds turbines which considered as means of renewable and friendly energy to environment, and how to make use of this technology to generate electric energy in Kirkuk city. Where it was studied shifting kinetic energy of winds into mechanic energy and has been accomplishes install a horizontal-turbine in one of work sites in Kirkuk city of (16m) height of the ground level. It has tri-blades of (400W) power. It has been connected to an electric system supply designed and manufacture during the research period. In order to measure the voltage-difference and electric current consequently to measure the power and energy produced from the wind turbine and changed according to the wind speed alteration. Gauge records for two time seasons are taken by using the technology-programming of delicate controller in simultaneous work with meteorological system, so that it can set data-principle to be analyzed by using (MATLAB) program to find and check theoretical generated power compared with practical results and find the range of validity to generate the sufficient energy for domestic consumption. The results shows that summer season is better than winter season in using wind turbine in Kirkuk city. As the monthly energy rate produce during summer season has emerged to ten-time than monthly energy rate produced during winter season.

WIND POWER PLANT FOR THE NEEDS OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES

There are many advantages of wind energy, including energy, environmental, economic. Relatively low investment in wind energy projects compared to traditional energy industries. The total kinetic energy of wind in the world can be estimated as 80 times higher than the total energy consumption by humans. And although only a certain fraction of this total can be used for energy needs, the future. The development of the technology itself has enormous potential. The article introduces and provides a brief analysis and historical background of existing designs of low-power wind power plants of the world's major manufacturers; the purpose of research on the proposed topic is indicated. Proposed and developed and described a promising scheme of a wind farm for the needs of small agricultural facilities, which makes it possible to receive electric current at low wind speeds in all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine. It has been established that low-power wind power plants are one of the promising areas for obtaining electrical energy and meeting the needs for small agricultural facilities. The proposed scheme for generating electrical energy. This design of a wind turbine can produce both DC and AC power for stand-alone or grid systems. The calculation of the wind turbine rotor diameter has been reduced. The advantages and disadvantages of wind energy in comparison with traditional energy industries are described. Brief conclusions are made on the proposed design of the wind farm, this will improve the environment, reducing the impact of anthropogenic factors on the environment and also, taking into account the constant increase in energy prices, save money, since such independent small wind farms allow small agricultural facilities to be provided with energy sources.

Removal of formaldehyde by triboelectric charges enhanced MnOx-PI at room temperature

Indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution has become a serious issue to threaten human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop long-term and efficient HCHO removal materials and technology with low energy consumption. In this study, the MnOx was deposited in-situ by hydrothermal synthesis on the hydrolyzed PI fibers. By harvesting the kinetic energy of wind, triboelectric charges and electric field are generated between MnOx-PI and nylon fibers. The employment of triboelectric charges on the catalyst is an effective way to increase conversion rates of O*, which may help to accelerate the decomposition of intermediates, enhance efficiency, and enlarge the life of the catalyst. As a result, during the static testing, the HCHO removal efficiency reached 92.4% of MnOx-PI-1.0 h-nylon within 1100 mins at room temperature, which was much higher than that of the MnOx-PI-1.0 h sample (56.3%). In addition, the removal efficiency of the MnOx-PI-2.0 h-nylon remained above 95% during the 48-hours dynamic test. The present study provides a new route to achieve long-term efficient removal of HCHO in the indoor environment and extended the application for the nano-triboelectric in the catalytic field.