Kind Of Violence Research Articles

The issue of training students in teaching orthodox culture

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of learning students the teaching of Orthodox culture. The issue of goal-setting in the teaching of Orthodox culture, as well as the issue of the content of the lesson of Orthodox culture, is considered. The study showed that the Federal State Educational Standard singles out spiritual and moral education and the formation of the value-semantic sphere of the individual as one of the most important goals. The risks that may arise in the situation of the formation of the value-semantic sphere of children were analyzed. The inadmissibility of violating the freedom of the child and any kind of violence in matters of the spiritual and moral development of students was emphasized. The essence of the culturological approach in teaching Orthodox culture is considered. It is emphasized that the core of the culturological approach is the goal of acquiring a value-semantic core by students. The conformity of the content of the lesson of Orthodox culture with the age specificity of students is analyzed. It is noted that in the 4th grade the thinking of children is visual-figurative. The image of God cannot be anthropomorphic; a child can perceive God only in His manifestations in relation to a person. Fifth graders enter adolescence and rethink everything. The themes of the origin of our world, the creation of man, the immortal soul, and the like are becoming topical again. Sixth graders are looking for a role model. Therefore, it is important for students of the 6th grade to get acquainted with bright moral personalities. Also in the 6th grade it is important to give students a feel for the Orthodox understanding of time, which is characterized by the existence of Eternity. 7th grade - the time of the formation of self-consciousness. At this age, it is advisable to give a course aimed at the student himself, at his internal problems. For the 8th grade, the content of an integrated nature is interesting: for example, the integration of Orthodox culture and literature. In the 9th grade, the search for one's life path begins, thoughts about the profession. Also important to consider are issues of relationships between representatives of different sexes and family issues.

Cognitive behavioral intervention to increase skills in coping with gender violence

The objective of this studio was to carry out a theoretical review regarding therapeutic interventions with a focus on cognitive behavioral therapy for the coping of women in the affronts of gender violence. It was carried out from the review of articles, books, manuals and intervention programs and it was found that most of the sources reviewed are focused on interventions for women who have already suffered some kind of violence, however, there were found limitations for the prevention of gender violence, regarding the same, there is a lot of information and psychoeducation, however, there are not 2 defined or specific interventions to reinforce coping skills to detect in a timely manner behaviours that can lead to women being victims of gender violence.

PERCEPTION OF HATE SPEECH IN THE OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH CONTEXT - GEORGIAN MEDIA CULTURE EXAMPLE

Hate speech, generally, is considered an expression of intolerance towards a definite group, and very often such communication provokes a kind of violence. Stimulation of abhorrence refers to a group of persons determined on the basis of race, ethnical identity, nationality, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, as a rule, it refers to minorities. However, all countries have their own unique contexts that complicate a vivid determination of so called “hate speech”. In some cases, all kinds of negative expressions being humiliating, insolent, slanderous, or discriminative ones towards anybody are perceived by the community and/or separate groups as hate speech. Unclearness of perceiving the hate speech was demonstrated by discussions on media regulation in Georgia held in 2019 when the government expressed a desire, motivated by the necessity of regulation of the hate speech, to change a system of media self-regulation existing in Georgia. Many initiatives were expressed and they were targeted to make the hate speech applied in media punitive and regulatory. The research is conducted using a qualitative methodology. We have analyzed a practice of self-regulation of the hate speech in Georgia within the year 2019, and selected cases that were high-sounding in TV media outlets resulted in broad discussions and which had been discussed by the self-regulatory authorities. In addition to analyzing of the cases and observing decisions made by the self-regulatory authorities, we have also used a method of profound interviews. As we have mentioned above, we have selected two high-sounding cases in the most interesting period of the research (2019). For both periods of the research, it was an author text of the anchor man of the national broadcasting company “Rustavi 2”. The first case was considered personally by the self-regulation council of the Rustavi 2 as well as by the Georgian Charter of Journalistic Ethics. We have analyzed two different approaches applied by both self-regulatory councils. We received similar results of radically different interpretations of self-regulatory authorities as a result of conducting deep interviews. Representatives of parties consider that the text expresses a hate speech towards Christians, but representatives of civil organizations and academic fields of universities do not consider that the text had been discriminative towards anybody. One of the explanations was as follows: “The given example is unlikely in compliance with a definition establishing the hate speech. It represents a subjective opinion of a definite journalist. I think that it does not collide with constitutional norms of freedom of speech, neither is considered a humiliating act against religious feelings as the religious passage was devoted to the discretion of a definite politics and not for the discrimination of this confession. Analyses of both examples demonstrated that understanding and perception of the term hate speech are not clearly formed neither in general society nor in professional circles of Georgia. The hate speech is often put on the same level as the humiliating and indecent expressions. Approaches and explanations of media self-regulatory boards are quite different. The present research partially confirmed a hypothesis that stakeholders interpret hate speech with a broad understanding which considers indecent and humiliating expressions. It was also completely confirmed that interpretation and regulation of hate speech with a broad understanding in practice bears definite risks for freedom of media in fragile democracies.

생태중심주의의 관점에서 본 올가 토카르추크의 『죽은 이들의 뼈 위로 쟁기를 끌어라』

The novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead (published in 2009) by Olga Tokarczuk, winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature, represents a totally different type of work for the author. It is a crime thriller which reveals both the perpetrator of the crime and the motive toward the end of the story. A deeply satisfying thriller cum fairy tale, Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead is a provocative exploration of the murky borderland between sanity and madness, justice and tradition, autonomy and fate.
 This study analyzes the theme of the novel and its ultimate message from the perspectives of ecocentrism and ecofeminism. Defined as a ‘moral thriller’ by the author herself, this novel presents a new paradigm in the relationship between humans and humans, as well as between humans and nature, in a contemporary society where humans destroy nature and the strong oppress the weak. Through the dramatic ending, which reveals the main character, Janina Duszejko to be a serial killer, Tokarczuk emphasizes that humans and nature are equal, and awakens people to the many kinds of violence, exploitation and cruelty which humans inflict on animals, and which she believes should be considered serious crimes.
 The reason that Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead has received such a positive response from readers and literary circles, despite its antinomic, controversial ending, is because it tells a story about a neglected being who empathizes with helpless, weak beings confronted with a violent reality, and offers them a helping hand.

Mapping violence onto the body of the ‘other’ in Julie Taymor's Titus (1999)

In Julie Taymor's film Titus (1999), which adapts Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, the Roman nation is both violated and violent. Taymor exposes the audience to different kinds of violence – intrafamilial, political, sexual, as well as revenge, infanticide, and racism – all of which are mapped onto characters who are othered by race, ethnicity, gender, or posthumous banishment. This article aims at exploring the relationship between othering and violence in the construction of nationhood. The one who others, the author contends, is also othered, because of the cycle of violence at stake in the film.

What Impact Have SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence against Women in India across Different States and Union Territories from the Beginning of Lockdown Due To covid-19 pandemic in March 2020 till 20th September 2020?

Background: The protection of women is of utmost importance and prime concern in India due to a huge population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at the community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era & especially during the lockdown period when it is difficult to go out and shout for help. Estimates published by WHO indicate that globally about 1 in 3 (30%) of women worldwide have been subjected to either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic and its social and economic impacts have increased the exposure of women to abusive partners and known risk factors while limiting their access to services. Situations of humanitarian crises and displacement may exacerbate existing violence, such as by intimate partners, as well as non-partner sexual violence, and may lead to new forms of violence against women [1]. Objectives: The main aim of this research is to find out the Impact of the SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on domestic violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of lockdown due to the covid-19 pandemic. Data from March 2020 till 20th September 2020 is available so the study will give detail for this period. Settings & Design: The month-wise and state-wise data indicating the number of complaints registered with the National Commission for Women in India (NCW) under two different categories in two different tables 1 & 2 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from March 2020 to 20th September 2020. Materials & Methodology: The press information bureau, Government of India Ministry of Women and child development have publicly announced under the heading- Increase in domestic violence against women dated 22nd Sep 2020. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software [2]. Result: Increase in domestic violence against women in India from March 2020 till 20th September 2020. Conclusion: India should have various strategies to ensure the safety of women in such pandemic-like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers to the legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified and added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women's protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters. India needs to develop an exclusive plan to tackle such situations such as the establishment of a separate cadre of workers for women's protection services. India is having a very huge population of women vulnerable to different kinds of violence so the Government must give top priority to making India a safe place for women.

Violence as Social Pathology Through the Optics of Social Work

Human aggression is perhaps the most interesting area in the exploration of the evolutionary behavior of mankind. Its existence is evident in our everyday lives, as we often use various kinds of violence, ranging from finer (innocent) coercion to murders and terrorist acts. The questions of the necessity and impact of violence on our life constantly resonate in society and can not be analyzed from one angle only. The aim of this paper is not to give a comprehensive picture of the problem of today’s violence (including that found in the media), nor is our goal to find a single correct opinion on the topic, due to the extent of the problem. We rather attempt to contribute to the broadening of knowledge in this area and to propose more topics worth researching. We are inclined to utilize Husserl’s methods of contemporary philosophy, with an emphasis on scientific precision and with the aim of creating a basis for further research.

Within the Shadow of Displacement

Within the Shadow of Displacement Jamaica Baldwin (bio) The following pieces constitute the response of a wide variety of writers to my invitation for work on "home and displacement." While I have always gravitated to writing that navigates displacement on some level, spending time with these poems and stories has led me to an even deeper appreciation of the rage, grief, longing, and desire that is often carried simultaneously, the way these writers weave them into poems and stories that honor the fullness of their histories, that honor how they find ways to love and be loved within a society built on narratives designed to contain and harm so many of us. I often think of displacement and home as parallel universes. I find it difficult to talk about displacement without aching for home, or to talk about the safety of home without acknowledging, if only tangentially, the shadow of displacement in which homes are created. So many of the pieces included in this issue engage this shadow in some form. The authors are giving voice to the delicate, capacious, brutal, and complicated reality of occupying this space. One of the joys of my guest editing journey has been the solicitation process. It's the ability to reach out to writers I admire and invite them to share their work while discovering new (to me) writers along the way. I began by soliciting writers I've read who deal deftly and intimately with what it means to live in exile far from their country of birth, or what it means to long for the country of your parents' birth, or what it means to exist in community and comfort when those left behind face the daily realities of war, the daily realities of colonization—poets like Ruth Awad, Julia Kolchinsky Dasbach, Su Hwang, and others. I also reached out to writers whose work I've admired for its ability to engage the intimate realities of living in the generational shadow of empire and conquest, of being displaced in one's homeland, of living in diaspora, in that in-between space—Romeo Oriogun, Anjanette Delgado, Ana Portnoy Brimmer, to [End Page 42] name a few. I also wanted to place alongside these works pieces that engage other forms of displacement, other ways of complicating the idea of home. For example, poet Carla Griswold navigates what it is to feel displaced and rootless without leaving home, when one's lifelong partner becomes unrecognizable to you, and you to them. These are just a handful of the writers and stories that make up this issue. I began writing this introduction the day after the Buffalo, NY supermarket shooting earlier this year. Tried again not long after the Uvalde, TX massacre. Each time I found myself mute and restless. Words seemed insufficient. I didn't foresee such recent violence shadowing my thoughts on this project, and yet I chose this topic precisely because displacement is a kind of violence—I should have seen it. Mass shootings have become a consistent, unsurprising part of life in the United States. Making a home here is a risky endeavor. Warsan Shire said, "no one leaves home unless home is the mouth of a shark." What happens when you leave the mouth of one shark only to end up in another? What happens when the local elementary school where you send your kids becomes a war zone? The answer, as these writers have expressed with such fierce honesty and grace, is that we begin with what we've lived, with what's been passed down to us, and what we decide to pass on to others. "One wrong history giving way to another / until you find yourself stranded / at home," (Joan Kwon Glass). We begin with acknowledging the truth. "Violence has always lived here" (Julia Alekseyeva). We begin with our children. "What does it mean that my only justice has been on the page, and that life, for you, will be different," (Terese Marie Mailhot)." We begin with the bravery to articulate what we need to replace the silences built around us. "all i want / is a kind hand / recognizing my spine," (Quenton Baker). [End Page 43] Jamaica...

The Need for a Black Feminist Climate Justice

The Need for a Black Feminist Climate Justice

"I Gave Up Football and I Had No Intention of Ever Going Back": Retrospective Experiences of Victims of Bullying in Youth Sport.

Bullying is a global issue that, beyond school, is present in different social contexts, such as sport environments. The main objective of this study was to get to know the experiences of victims of bullying in sport throughout their youth sport training. Semi-structured interviews to four Spanish women and seven Spanish men were carried out, within an age range of 17–27 (Mage = 21 years, SD = 3.69). The following main themes were established by means of a hierarchical content analysis: (a) “bullying characterization,” (b) “dealing with bullying,” and (c) “consequences of bullying.” The results show the presence of physical, verbal and social bullying in the sport context, with the changing room being the space where this type of behavior is most frequently developed. Most victims show an internal attribution (self-blame) for the bullying event, related to their motor skills and their personal physical and psychological characteristics. Double victimization can be observed, at the sport club and at the educational center. Passive strategies are used to deal with the situation, while little support is shown by sport agents (teammates and coaches). The victims, as a consequence of the bullying experience, suffer from short and long-term negative effects on a psychosocial level. The study highlights the necessity to design and implement programs focused on the prevention, detection and intervention of bullying for sport organizations, bearing in mind all the agents that make them up (coaches, management teams, families, and players). Furthermore, the importance of promoting the creation of safe sport environments, free from any kind of violence, is emphasized.

Women’s Organisations’ Role in (Re)Constructing the Narratives in Femicide Cases: Şule Çet’s Case

In 2020, men in Turkey murdered 300 women, and 171 women were found suspiciously dead. The dominant narrative around suspicious death cases involves a faulty assumption that women are prone to committing suicide. Women’s organisations and cause lawyers unite against all kinds of violence to challenge this dominant narrative, which grants impunity to perpetrators. Drawing on resource mobilisation theory, this article investigates how women’s organisations become involved in femicide and suspicious death cases to articulate counter-narratives and advance women’s access to justice. It focuses on Şule Çet’s case, which raised intense public reactions due to the lack of procedural fairness at the investigation stage. It relies on semi-structured interviews with Şule’s lawyer and the members of the We Will Stop Femicide Platform (Kadın Cinayetlerini Durduracağız Platformu) and the Gelincik Centre (Gelincik Merkezi) to illustrate how women’s organisations made Şule’s story visible and countered the dominant narrative surrounding suspicious death cases. The findings illustrate that women’s organisations’ ongoing struggle to encourage courts to hear women’s stories demands co-operation between different social and legal mechanisms. It includes a combination of several strategies, such as following femicide cases and forming public opinion through social media. The article concludes by arguing that women’s organisations’ use of counter-narratives transforms femicide cases from being only a statistic to a public cause, contributing to women’s struggle in accessing justice.

Cross-sectional survey of underreported violence experienced by adolescents: a study from Indonesia

BackgroundGlobal studies on adolescent victims of violence require serious attention due to the possibility that underreported cases may be higher than official records indicate. Since Indonesia expects to witness a demographic bonus, extensive research is needed to strengthen early detection, case handling, and prevention. Here, we report the outcomes of a survey on physical, verbal, and sexual violence experienced by adolescents in West Java, an Indonesian province inhabited by 18% of the country’s total population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017 using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) questionnaire for detecting child abuse; an expert panel translated, simplified, and validated it based on a theoretical framework that combines paediatrics, public health, and medicolegal perspectives. We aimed to cover a large sample size and explore three types of violence (physical, verbal, and sexual) that have high evidentiary value in the forensic context. The respondents were adolescents in the first and second grades of middle school (12 to 14 years old) and high school (15 to 17 years old) in seven cities/municipalities in the province, selected through several stages of simple random sampling (N = 3452). We analysed the samples through univariate (percentage), odds ratio (OR), comparison, correlation, and correspondence analyses.ResultsThe results showed that 78.7% of the adolescents experienced violence in 2017, comprising those who encountered at least one incidence of physical violence (43.1%), verbal violence (12.2%), and sexual violence (4.5%). Data overlap includes 14.3% who experienced one type of violence in 2017, 7.4% who experienced two forms of violence, and 1.4% who underwent all three kinds of violence. The offenders were mainly adolescents across all types of violence, except for being forced to engage in sexual intercourse. Several victims of sexual violence did not state who the offenders were. Further, several characteristics showed a higher chance of experiencing violence than other characteristics, especially for adolescents who were still in middle school and those who lived only with their mothers. Correspondence analysis suggested subtle differences between characteristics.ConclusionWe expect this study to help identify risk and protective factors that are essential to strengthening early detection efforts, decisive medicolegal examinations, case handling, and policy-making.

Effectiveness of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in rural area of Bangladesh: a study on village shalish system of Madhukhali Upazilla

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Shalish system in light of the field experience of Madhukhali upazila of Faridpur in Bangladesh. This study has mainly applied qualitative research techniques to fulfil the research objectives. The primary data has been collected through KIIs (Key Informant Interviews) and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). "Targeted Sampling" has been followed for conducting KIIs and FGD. In this context, experienced village leaders (Matobbor) and beneficiaries of the Shalish system in these areas were the main respondents. To collect the secondary data, information has also been collected from relevant websites, journal articles, and books. The study shows that the villagers still rely on the system confidently. Generally, two types of processes can be observed, which are top-down processes and bottom-up processes. The top-down process stresses that the Shalish may be initiated by village leaders. On the other hand, the bottom-up process stresses that the Shalish may be initiated from the beneficiary end. There are no specific conditions or criteria for being a member of the Shalish board. However, the most common types of disputes resolved by Shalish are family disputes, land disputes, arson or other kinds of violence, stealing or robbery, etc. The major challenges the system has faced are interference by politics, lack of documentation, and lack of a legal basis.

Violência interpessoal no ambiente acadêmico: percepções de uma comunidade universitária

This study aims to understand the perceptions of violence at the university in an academic community from the reports of its occurrence on a university campus. Seventeen qualitative interviews were carried out with key informants: students, lecturers, and staff members who had a manager position or representation in the collegiate. The interviews were transcribed, and their content analyzed. It was possible to identify the types of violence into five categories, according to the participants’ experience and their recurrent discursive references. They are: hazing, gender or race-based violence, moral harassment, institutional violence, and other kinds of violence. The acts of violence in the university are varied and to know them offers subsidies to improve the institutional responses or create news forms of facing it.

Towards Combatting Violence against Women’s Access to Land Ownership in Morocco

Assorted kinds of violence and discrimination against women’s access to land ownership seem to be the most criticized the moment their dismissal is no longer a necessity for the Moroccan Legislator. It is hard to deny that all rights and obligations related to access to land, seen as a tangible resource, constitute the first-rate concerns of citizenship. As such, women not only call for an austere equality to men in the broadest sense of the term, but also for access to key positions in the society mainly through access to the means of production1 (El Yaagoubi, 2012: 33). The idea that women are landowners has become an in-vogue question. It is possible to say that women are heading towards building a social class that is becoming more voluble and visible. A reform of their tenure status is imperative bearing in mind that land property is directly associated with power. It is therefore appropriate that legal regimes of different land statuses take into consideration the benefits of this category given the fact that women constitute more than half of the population.

The Scenes of Violence in a Digital Writing Environment: The Sample of Wattpad

The social and technological developments experienced have led the 21st century children to digital tools for education, entertainment and communication. The concepts of literacy were also affected by this tendency, and with the spread of extracurricular reading and writing activities, students’ literacy tendencies rapidly began to evolve from paper to screen. The Wattpad is also a text writing and sharing application that children and young people engagedly turn to. In this uncontrolled free platform, thousands of stories written in various forms of expressions on all kinds of subjects are presented to the admiration of children in the developmental age and are quickly consumed by many children and young people who are not yet digitally literate. In this qualitative research, which is designed as a case study, 6 stories that were awarded in 2018 within the scope of the Wattys Awards given by Wattpad each year with user votes were examined within the framework of the concept of violence. The data were obtained through document analysis and they were analyzed with the descriptive analysis method according to Polat’s (2016) classification of “physical violence, sexual violence, emotional violence, economic violence and cyber violence” and analyzed according to the determined codes and categories. The findings show that there are many elements of violence in the stories examined and that these mainly include physical and emotional violence types. The acts of “killing” and “dying” in the physical violence, and the insults aimed at disdaining and ridiculing were the most common forms of emotional violence. The fact that these stories, in which all kinds of violence were encountered, were deemed worthy of awards by the readers, revealed that readers had an interest in violent genres, and Wattpad fed this interest of young readers. For this reason, it is recommended that Wattpad application be used under the family supervision and an editorial application be implemented within Wattpad itself.

Gender-based violence among refugee women referred to a Cultural Consultation Service in Montreal.

Gender-based violence (GBV) among female refugees/asylum seekers is a major underreported/understudied psychosocial issue. The aims of this study were: to describe the proportion of GBV-related experiences among female refugees/asylum seekers referred to a Cultural Consultation Service (CCS) in Montreal; to describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; and to compare these characteristics among women who make GBV their principal refugee claim (Group A), those who did not but had suffered GBV (Group B1), and those who had never reported GBV (Group B2). Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables and GBV were gathered by chart review. Data were analyzed using chi-square for categorical and ANOVA for continuous comparisons. A total of 91 female refugees/asylum seekers were evaluated from 2000 to 2013; 80% (73/91) having reported GBV, with 38.5% (35/91) using GBV as the principal reason for seeking asylum in Canada (Group A), mainly due to intimate partner violence (IPV). Fully 66.6% (38/56) of women who sought asylum for reasons other than GBV reported having experienced GBV (Group B1). When compared to the other groups, Group A women exhibited a number of statistically significant differences: they tended to migrate alone (p < .001), be divorced/single (p = .02), have more suicidal thoughts/behaviors (p < .001), and report a history of IPV (p < .001). Women from Group B1 were more likely to be diagnosed with Affective Disorders (p = .045), and to have suffered sexual violence (p < .001). Results suggest that GBV is frequently experienced by refugee/asylum seeker women in this small, tertiary care clinical sample. When assessing refugee women such as these, differences in the kind of violence suffered, migration process, family/social support, and clinical related features should be taken into account and explored by clinicians in a culturally appropriate and safe manner.

Aging safely in Alentejo \u2013 understanding for action - preventing falls and violence against older people: study rationale, aims, design, and preliminary results

BackgroundFalls and violence against older people might represent a joint public health problem, as both may result in injury, fear, social isolation, sedentary behavior and dependence or even death. The ESACA project “Aging safely in Alentejo - Understanding for action” was designed to promote the healthy aging of older people in Alentejo by preventing the occurrence of falls and violence. This study aimed to report the ESACA protocol and the preliminary outcomes.MethodsThe ESACA study has a twofold design as a cross-sectional study that included retrospective and prospective surveys. The participants were 508 community-dwelling older people. Assessments included falls, the risk of violence against older people, sociodemographic characteristics, health-related measurements, fear of falling, anthropometric measures and body composition, functional physical fitness, physical activity, and environmental hazards.ResultsAmong the participants, 43% were fallers, 21% were recurrent fallers, and 22% were victims of one or more kinds of violence (psychological: 17.1%, physical: 5.6%, and patrimonial: 3.0%). Moreover, the cumulative results suggested high risk on several risk factors for falling (7 factors: 0.6% to 2 factors: 17.4%) and of violence (26.7%).ConclusionsIn the ESACA project, a wide range of potential influencing factors on falls and violence risk factors were measured, and comprehensive quality control measures were applied. Overall, the results suggest that for falls and violence prevention strategies to be effective, it is essential to evaluate, diagnose, and inform all stakeholders in a directed and useful way. Moreover, we believe that our project outcomes may help change mindsets and behaviors by involving people in active aging and well-being programs that promote exercise and avoid isolation.

Indian Cinema: Making Departure from the Stereotypical Presentation of Women in Nuptial

In the late 20th and 21st century various movements took place which challenged the stereotypical notions of gender in society. #MeToo movement gave a momentum to the society where people started talking about any kind of violence, sexual assault and harassment against women. Many government policies and laws were framed and implemented to provide equal opportunities to women in every field. Vishakha Guidelines and Internal Complains Committee are made mandatory at work place and education institutions to assure a safe and healthy environment for females. Now the issues brushed under the carpet for long have been brought into light. Issues which were considered taboo even to talk about are now discussed on public forums and academia, penned down in literature and projected in media and cinema. Women and their concerns and point of views found space in popular cinema and were acclaimed too by the critics as well as spectators. Bollywood has made deviations from the stereotypical portrayal of women and broke the silence on issues like sexual consent and female sexuality. It also showed the role of woman in marriage and how it’s changing with woman becoming economically independent and realizing her real worth. The present paper will deliberate on the institution of marriage and the role of woman in it in the Indian society especially in the context of Indian cinema. It will discuss recent Indian cinema which came with stories in which decision-making power has been exercised by women in a nuptial and consent of a girl in a marriage has been considered. Gender roles in a marriage will also be analysed which has been shown deviating from the stereotypical notion especially in the movies Ki &amp; Ka and Tumahari Sulu. It will include the movies which have at the centre the idea that the courage of a woman can put a full stop to the deep-rooted patriarchy of centuries in our society. The paper will include only popular cinema made in Hindi language film industry known as Bollywood in the last decade like Dil Dhadkane Do, Badrinath Ki Dulhania, Secret Superstar, Parched and Tumhari Sulu.

Extractive industry disasters and community responses: a typology of vulnerable subjects

ABSTRACT There is widespread recognition that environmental disasters disproportionately affect the poor in developing countries, yet certain kinds of violence also strip white, middle-class communities in industrialized countries of vital resources to respond. Social vulnerability as a mutually constitutive relationship between distinct types of shocks and capacities to respond requires further research. I explore how the temporal dimension of shocks creates different types of structural risks, and articulate how these interact with the agency of affected communities. The first section deals with attributes of different environmental shocks, the second examines the agency of individuals and communities, the third analyzes the relationship between extractive industry violence and capacities for response. This generates a typology that enables us to chart the creation of vulnerable subjects. This framework also helps us develop insights into the underlying dimensions of social vulnerability and makes it possible to better classify cases of vulnerable populations.