Kind Of Violence Research Articles

Different Deeds, Different Needs—Types of Violence Against Women and Social Support Sought Online

Women, as victims of violence, among which intimate partner violence prevails, venture online to seek a supportive community. Members of online support groups differ in the experiences and needs they have and support they seek. The objective of this research was to explore the difference in types of support sought and support received between women who self-report having been a witness/victim of violence and others who directly ask for help without explaining their circumstances. For this purpose, content analysis of 600 randomly selected starting posts from an online support community was performed. The results reveal an association between the needs expressed and the experience of violence described. Although users most frequently sought informational support, those recounting sexual violence more often asked for emotional support or were looking for an emotional release. Posts describing a different kind of violence were more likely to bring more support than short posts directly asking for help. The findings are important since women in a violent relationship tend to become more isolated or controlled by their partners, pointing to the crucial role of online support in helping and encouraging those women to take the first step in seeking help from formal institutions.

Colonial Racial Capitalism and Violence: Theorising the Relationship between Empire and Israeli Settler Colonialism

This article theorises the relationship between empire and Israeli settler colonialism through the interplay between violence and capital accumulation in colonial racial capitalism. It argues that Israel's genocidal violences of land theft is the means and grounds for Israeli and US imperial capital accumulation. This can be observed in the genocidal operation in the Gaza Strip. The first section contextualizes the genocide in the Gaza Strip within a larger structure of genocide. The section highlights the centrality of the conquest of land in the Zionist settler colonial project and how that appealed to the British empire in the early parts of the twentieth century. The second section examines why the US empire has actively participated in the genocide. States in the US imperial bloc essentially reduce the whole question of Palestine to a simple equation where Palestinian liberation does not equate with their own economic interests, while Israeli settler colonialism does. Though there exists a tension between imperial and settler colonial interests around the question of what kind of violence is preferable for capital accumulation, the article concludes by arguing that a transformation of the logics and systems of colonial racial capitalism cannot arise without activism and pressure from below on states and capitalist structures.

A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Some Selected Domestic Violence Image Cartoons

Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship usually committed in a domestic setting by one partner against the other. The current study investigates this type of violence as exhibited in cartoon discourse. The study tries to approach image cartoons of the domestic violence type to examine how meaning is made within different modes and which mode is the most dominant. Moreover, it attempts to check who is the most powerful member in the family, who is exercising violence, and on whom. Martin and Rose's (2007) model has been implemented to be used as a tool to examine both the visual and verbal components in each cartoon. The researcher randomly selected six cartoons from several domestic violence types to constitute the sample of the current study. It is found that different kinds of violence, mainly of the social and physical types, have been exercised by the male figure (the patriarch, i.e., the father, or the husband) in the family. Moreover, domestic violence cartoons make their meaning and express their messages through the visual mode more than the verbal one. This, in turn, may be ascribed to the fact that visual modes can provide their own affordances through which they can be interpreted globally.

Social support through the prism of coercive control

Combating domestic violence involves mobilizing a myriad of players throughout the victim's life cycle, including children: health professionals, social workers, law enforcement officers, judges, associations, etc. The mechanisms behind this kind of violence are complex, and every professional needs to have a good understanding of them to be able to identify and provide support. To be more effective, the fight against domestic violence must continue to be thought through. For example, the Observatoire des Violences Intrafamiliales ofthe Conseil Départemental de l'Allier organized an awareness-raising day on a new concept -coercive control - which is set to make its entry into the Penal Code, and which could change everything.

A DEEP LEARNING-BASED EFFICIENT FIREARMS MONITORING TECHNIQUE FOR BUILDING SECURE SMART CITIES

Any kind of violence is a shame to the world we live in. However, violence still plays a significant role in our society today and claims many innocent lives. Using a gun is one of the traditional methods of violence. Nowadays, firearm-related fatalities are a widespread occurrence. It poses a risk to public safety and presents difficulties for law enforcement. Most of these incidents take place in cities or semi-urban regions. Today, CCTV-based surveillance is widely used by both public and commercial institutions for monitoring and prevention. However, human-based monitoring is error-prone and needs a large number of person-hours as a resource. However, automated smart surveillance is better suited for large-scale and dependable monitoring of violent actions. The primary goal of the study is to demonstrate how deep learning-based methods may be used to identify weaponry, especially rifles. This research employs many detection methods for human face and gun identification, including the newest EfficientDet-based architectures and Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster RCNN). The post-processing detection performance of weapons and human faces has been enhanced using an ensemble (stacked) strategy that employs Non-Maximum Suppression, Non-Maximum Weighted, and Weighted Box Fusion techniques. In this study, the comparative outcomes of several detection methods and their ensembles have been addressed experimentally. It facilitates the police's rapid information gathering about the situation and enables them to take prompt preventative action. Additionally, social media videos may be found using the same method for gun-based content recognition. Here, the mean average precisions for the mAP0.5, mAP0.75, and mAP[0.500.95] are 77.02%, 16.40%, and 29.73%, respectively, according to the Weighted Box Fusion-based Ensemble Detection Scheme. Out of all the options tested, the outcomes provide the best performance. The model has undergone extensive testing using movie clips and unidentified test photos. The resulting ensemble schemes are consistently better than the basic models and are adequate.

A Comparative Study of Domestic Violence in BRICS Nations – Pre and Post COVID-19

The most common kind of sexual or physical abuse suffered by women is that by a partner. Human rights are violated when males or boys use violence against women or girls. When it comes to domestic abuse, it is estimated that one in three women will experience some kind of gender-based violence at some point in their lives. The number of women who have been abused by a romantic partner or a non-relationship sexual partner is estimated to reach 736 million. For years, the world’s leaders have recognised its seriousness. In 1995, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action said that violence against women must be eliminated. Within the “UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” a worldwide goal to abolish “all kinds of violence against women and girls in public and private spaces” was added. Global action was called for in 2016 by the “World Health Assembly’s” Resolution 69.5, which urged a national multisector approach to combating violence against women and young girls. In spite of all of these responsibilities, 49 countries still don’t have a clear policy on domestic abuse. Lower and lower-middle-income women nations are particularly vulnerable to this violence, which has long-term effects on their health and well-being. In the world’s poorest nations, women aged 15 to 49 have a lifetime frequency of domestic abuse of 37 percent. One in every four women who have ever been in a relationship has been a victim of domestic abuse at some point in their lives.

Causality of mental health and child marriage

The goal and problem of this research is the impact of minor (child) marriages on the mental health of minors in Montenegro. Child marriages are especially present in Roma and Egyptian communities in these and wider areas. After extensive research on a representative sample of both sexes, the assumptions that domestic violence still dominates in these ethnic communities have been confirmed. The average age of girls at the time of marriage is 16.47, and for men 18.39. According to this research, the youngest married couples are 12-year-old girls and 13-year-old boys. In addition to arranged minor marriages, which are a kind of violence against violence, other forms of violence (physical, sexual, emotional, economic, social, racial, child theft and child trafficking) have also been established. In some form, men's violence against women is present without exception. The causes of violence against women are numerous, starting with alcohol, drugs, gambling, poverty, jealousy, lack of education, and tradition. According to the respondents, poverty is not the main reason for violence against women, but the analysis of the results of the regression and correlation analysis show that poverty is highly correlated with alcohol, drugs and gambling. Jealousy as a reason for physical violence is very little represented. Women's attitudes towards violence particularly interesting and unexpected. As many as 26.3% of women support violence in all circumstances and violence in certain circumstances. Men were even more passionate, 40.9% of men believe that violence is acceptable in all circumstances and in certain circumstances. It is indicative and important to point out that 22.3% of women and 36.6% of men did not express their opinion on this issue. Women did not declare that they suffer violence because of fear of new violence, and men did not declare because of sanctions by the competent institutions. The main cause of poor mental health among minors, especially among girls, is early marriage, which interrupts natural biological growth and development. Numerous disruptive endogenous and exogenous factors generate violence up to murder, and the ultimate outcome of violence is chronically disturbed mental health.

Akuarium Neighborhood Plays The Eviction

The Jakarta government evicted an urban community of Akuarium in 2016, which caused socio-economic and immaterial difficulties. Yet, violent eviction instigated a kind of play in the community. A theory of urban play envisages how the community responds and utilizes failed development projects drawing from the practices of graffiti, car jockeys, and navigation of traffic jams. The research method includes field and internet ethnography. The research uncovers precarious life in the community due to existing poverty and the incident of eviction. Their poverty informs a structural problem of low income. The eviction exacerbates the condition with the erasure of the economy, housing, and cultural life, leading to a repressed mental state among them. Akuarium people enact an urban play as a small tactic responding to various kinds of violence and the difficulty of eviction in the function of survival.

Living and dying in the shadow of coal: Relocating social death and its contestations in Lephalale

Marapong, “place of bones”, is situated in the shadow of the coal-fired Matimba Power Station and Grootegeluk coal mine in Lephalale, northern South Africa. Marapong was named after the bones of a local woman, Salaminah Moloantoa, which were found during the development of Grootegeluk in 1973. That same year her bones were buried on Naawontkomen farm where she had lived. Thirty-four years later with the construction of coal-fired Medupi Power Station, Moloantoa’s bones became the site of industrial construction again in this current iteration of extractivism. Working from two provocations that emerged during fieldwork – we are dead here and the mines turn our lives upside down – I relocate social death and its relation to different kinds of violence that constitute racial capitalism in this city of coal. In so doing, I engage with literature on Afropessimism, the black radical tradition, and land and ancestral struggles and argue for reconceptualising social death as grounded in place and time rather than a totalising ontological condition. Such a rereading emphasises relationality and the processes of contestation over land, life, and death, that open up futures beyond that of bones becoming coal for fossil fuel development.

Youth Dating Violence, Behavioral Sensitivity, and Emotional Intelligence: A Mediation Analysis.

Intimate partner violence is a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing psychological, physical, and sexual components. Violence in young couples is common in our society. This kind of violence is usually bidirectional, which adds to its complexity. This study aimed to explore how victimization (in three dimensions: non-abuse, technical mistreatment, and mistreatment) and perpetration (in two dimensions: non-perpetrator and perpetrator) are related to the BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System)/BAS (Behavioral Approach System), and it also evaluated if the dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) (emotional attention, clarity, and regulation) mediate this relationship. Violence was evaluated in 272 young volunteer participants, as well as BIS/BAS behavioral sensitivity and perceived emotional intelligence. The correlations between these variables were analyzed, and a mediation analysis was also conducted. The results show that victimization (of the sexual and coercive type) was associated with less BAS activation, while victimization (of the sexual, humiliation, and detachment types) was associated with less BIS activity. All types of victimization were associated with less EI, specifically with less emotional clarity. Aggression (of the sexual, humiliation, detachment, and coercion types) was related to lower BAS and higher BIS sensitivity. Detachment aggression was associated with low emotional clarity. In conclusion, relationships between victimization and perpetration are evidenced in terms of BIS/BAS sensitivity and EI. Specifically, the dimension of EI emotional clarity acts as a mediator of BIS activation in victims of detachment.

No Safe Place: Violence among Unaccompanied Refugee Children Seeking Asylum in Kenya

This paper explores the rarely examined experiences of unaccompanied refugee minors in Nairobi, Kenya. Children are thought to comprise up to a third of Nairobi's refugee population, however, there is virtually no data on them. The paper provides a first analysis of a unique dataset to ascertain unaccompanied minor refugees’ experiences of physical, emotional, resource related, and sexual violence. Our research findings indicate widespread violence among refugee children living in Nairobi, and denote the prevalence of several kinds of violence in particular. Our results also reveal which children are most at risk and the type of abuse they are most likely to experience.

Sexual Violence in Italy: Are Women Victims or Responsible?

Sexual violence is the imposition of unwanted physical contact obtained by force, manipulation, or coercion. This kind of violence, which is detrimental to the dignity of the person who suffers it, causes deep psychic as well as physical wounds in the victim and is the most widespread violation of human rights in all countries and cultures. This paper tries to investigate whether the stereotype of women being responsible for the sexual violence they suffered is dominant in our society. The study of this stereotype has been addressed through the survey "Gender roles stereotypes and the social image of sexual violence" carried out by ISTAT in 2019 (referred to 2018) on the adult, male, and female, population aged between 18 and 74. With regard to the stereotypes proposed in the survey, the results have shown that there is a clear contrast between young and older women and between women with a higher educational qualification and those with an elementary school degree. At the regional level, however, the contrast is between Central-Northern regions and Southern Italy: in five of the eight regions belonging to the Southern division, the most widespread stereotype is that the responsibility for sexual violence is attributable to women.

Space matters: An examination of the circumstances surrounding violence against correctional staff

PurposeOur study expands correctional research by examining violence as a heterogenous event, and by exploring spatial factors that shape the circumstances surrounding violence towards prison staff. In doing so, we contribute to the literature by increasing what is known about prison violence, highlighting how to enhance policy and practice. MethodsUsing staff assault incident data, we examine facility security level, crowding, incident location and time of day as spatial factors in the analyses. We use multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine how spatial factors are associated with violence involving (a) no weapon, (b) items, (c) liquids, or (d) bodily fluids. ResultsSpace and time influence the likelihood of the expression of particular types of violence. Spatial factors had unique effects on the role of weapons in violence towards correctional staff. ConclusionsTo more effectively prevent violence, we must address the space-based factors that facilitate particular kinds of violence. Implications for policy and practice include the strategic positioning of staff within institutions, training of staff, and alternatives to confinement for seriously mentally ill incarcerated persons.

The violence of collecting

AbstractPractices of collecting have been integral to archaeology as well as to anthropology more generally since the inception of the disciplines. From the history of collecting in the later nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it is clear that although the degree of coercion varied, the practices of collecting inevitably took place in contexts of starkly unequal power relations and associated forms of violence. More than just the act of collecting, it is also the ways collections are handled, made available (or not), curated, and discarded that are imbued with different kinds of violence. This article draws on the case of human and other remains recovered in excavations on the campus of the Free University of Berlin (Germany) and examines the ways in which the amassing, use, and discard of collections are entwined with violent practices.

VIOLENCE AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICAN SLAVES AS SEEN IN SOLOMON NOTHUP'S TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE

The purpose of this study was to reveal about violence against African-American slaves; the kinds of violence and impacts of violence to the slaves in Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave. This study is classified as a qualitative research because the writers gathered the data in the form of words as well as quotation from the work itself. The writers collected the data from two kinds of sources, namely primary source and secondary source. The primary source was taken from the novel Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, and the secondary sources are the other material that supports the research such as books, articles and websites. This study used a Sociological approach which regards the literary work as a social document that reflects the situation when the literary work was created. The results of this study showed that there are two kinds of violence against African-American slaves in Northup’s work; physical violence and psychological violence. The acts of violence wasreceived by the slaves result in some impacts include physical impact such as, suffering in pain, injury, and sick; and psychological impact such as, fear, trauma, and depression. Through sociological approach, it can be concluded that the novel Twelve Years a Slave really explained the real social condition of African-American slaves that occurred in the 19th century, where they experienced acts of violence from their white masters during slavery.

Le rôle de l’alexithymie dans les comportements violents : Une révision des études disponibles à la lumière du modèle de traitement de l’information sociale

ObjectivesThe literature highlights the prevalence of shortcomings in processing emotional information, especially the identification of emotions in the context of violent behavior. Alexithymia is the inability to recognize and describe emotional states and external oriented thinking. The social information processing approach offers a theoretical framework to understand how alexithymia deficiencies are linked to violence. Furthermore, this approach allows us to determine which stages of processing are associated with specific kinds of deficiencies in order to adapt treatment programs targeting violent behavior. The primary goal of this narrative review is to define and present the relationship between alexithymia and violent behavior. In addition, this review will attempt to illustrate that deficiencies caused by alexithymia are related to different stages of social information processing. MethodsThis review presents an explanation of the links between violent behavior and alexithymia according to the social information processing theory as a theoretical framework. ResultsThere are numerous studies that demonstrate the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia in different populations (general, psychiatric, or incarcerated) and for different kinds of violence (physical, homicidal or sexual). In particular, the deficiencies caused by alexithymia primarily involved the (in)ability to identify emotional states. Indeed, the more people have difficulties in identifying their own internal emotional states, the higher the probability that they will engage in dysfunctional behavior such as violence. According to the social information processing model, these shortcomings are present in the initial stages of processing. Errors in detection and perception of social cues could produce a misinterpretation of other's intentions and could lead to a hostile attribution bias. This bias exhibits itself as a tendency to interpret the actions of others as hostile, particularly in ambiguous situations and is often linked to impulsive and reactive aggression. Due to these links between alexithymia, misinterpretation, and violent behavior, it seems essential to develop treatment programs designed to reduce the effects of alexithymia. One study demonstrated that a specific treatment program reduced alexithymic related deficiencies among individuals who had committed sexual offences. This program was based on developing the capacity to identify emotions and to use emotive language to verbalize emotional states. These results suggest that it is possible to improve emotional competence and reduce the effects of alexithymia, which could lead to a reduction in errors in social information processing and could be a major protective factor with respect to violent behavior. ConclusionsThe social information processing model allows us to understand the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia based on the deficiencies in specific processing stages. In other words, this is an approach which examines the varying stages of social information processing which are dysfunctional and their relationship to the various dimensions of alexithymia. Importantly, it seems that the two explanatory hypotheses of alexithymia may be more complementary rather than diametrically opposed. Indeed, these two hypotheses allow us to explain particular kinds of deficiencies based on different stages of social information processing. This heuristic framework promises the possibility of understanding the study of alexithymia depending on both the nature of the shortcomings and on which social information processing steps are involved. Accordingly, it could become easier to accurately understand which processes are involved in order to adapt the treatment of these deficiencies, particularly in relation to violent behavior.

Èquipe, community, traditional values, and reproductive rights.

Gender stereotypes still surround women's reproductive health for several reasons. Moreover, in the last 20 years, women's access to essential reproductive healthcare is becoming an issue contributing to inequality and exacerbating different kinds of violence (cultural and structural). The patriarchal system, intimate partner violence, and traditional cultural and conservative values have a huge impact on women's access to contraceptive information, services, and induced abortion. Gender-based human rights violation has a higher impact on those women who are part of a minority or suffer a marginalized social or economic condition. In the present article, the behavior of migrant women's networks is examined as a case study when they come into contact with the health and care sector with the aim to highlight how, in the context of childbirth, they can suffer discriminatory and violent treatment by the community and groups that defend conservative and traditional values due to the exercise of reproductive rights. The investigated context was the Careggi Hospital in Florence, Italy, but in further investigation, the research will take place in different medium-sized cities such as Terni and Perugia. The chosen methodology was that of second-level sources and qualitative interviews with the health personnel who usually deals with these women (two focus groups involving 11 persons of the hospital équipe). This article has two aims: (1) to present the conflict between community behavior and the right to reproductive health and (2) to discuss aspects of IPV as degrading or violent treatment due to the exercise of reproductive rights. The main finding underlined the importance of considering the link between rights, identity, culture, and relationships with the community.

An evaluation of victim registration forms for domestic violence against women

Objective: The present study attempted to reveal the sociodemographic information, characteristics of violence exposed, and risk situations among women exposed to violence through the data obtained from the victim registration forms and generate a source for further research to prevent violence against women.Methods: In this descriptive study, the victim registration forms (1222 cases) of women applying to emergency departments in Burdur city due to domestic violence is utilized. Then, the data analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 20.0 and presented the descriptive data as numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values.Results: It was found that almost all cases (93.6%) were exposed to physical violence alone or combined with other forms of violence. The women were exposed to violence at home where they should live safely (88.1%) and from the ones they trust (97.2%; spouse/lover/ family member). About half of the women (51.6%) were exposed to violence in front of their children, and 18.0% of the children got their shares from the violence. It was also discovered that 9.7% of the women had been exposed to violence for more than ten years. Finally, it was concluded that 64.5% of the women had a high risk of being exposed to violence again soon.Conclusion: Regardless of their educational attainment and socioeconomic status, women are often exposed to violence from childhood to advanced ages. Overall, further awareness-raising activities are needed to prevent all segments of society from all kinds of violence.

Intimate partner Violence and Psychological Attributes during Pandemic - Violation of Right to Live with Dignity

Human Rights are inalienable. As stated by the UN Charter, gender equality is the fundamental right of every human being. As stated by the Vienna Declaration, women’s and girls’ rights are inalienable, integral, and form an indivisible part of universal human rights. The entire world has raised its voice and has reached its peak in the 1990s. India, precariously being a male-dominated society, has always looked down on a woman as a vulnerable group, to be dependent, owing to certain sociological, political, and biological conditions. Gender-based violence, as stated by the UN declaration, includes violence against women. It brings within it the broader framework of gender-based discrimination. In every nook and corner, we see and hear about violence against a girl child/ women irrespective of their age, caste, creed, social and economic conditions, and the happenings that shackle all humanity with ignominy. These instances profligately eliminate their basic human rights. Intimate Partner Violence is such a kind of violence, which is distinct from domestic violence and is most common among couples. It is a behavior prevailing in an intimate relationship that leads to physical, psychological, or sexual harm. It is restricted to marital status and extends to non-marital, extramarital relationships, dating couples, live-in relationships, and non-discriminatory. There are instances where women also abuse men in intimate relations. In cases of self-defense, women can be more violent against men. However, overwhelming instances illustrate women as victims in the hands of their male partners, existing or ex-partners. Though attached a social stigma to these relationships, the abuse meted in the hands of their perpetrators affects the physical and psychological traits. This paper mainly emphasizes the nature of Intimate Partner Violence, its instincts, the psychological disorders, and its effects on their right to live with dignity during covid-19 and concludes with possible suggestions and recommendations.

Marital rape: hidden female narratives

This article presents an introductory study, whose main question is: how does gender affect or produce the marital rape narratives of women in Federal District who access the legal system to report domestic violence? To answer this question, the authors used gender as a decolonized category, making a historical exam of the control of female sexuality. To approach the question, the authors consider gender as a decolonial category, and conduct a study of the historical control of female sexuality. Using a qualitative approach, they then proceed to field research. The analysis of individual reports of women facing domestic violence, carried out by psychosocial teams of the Public Prosecutor's Office of Federal District and its territories (MPDFT), is combined with the results of questionnaires completed by those who carried out these reports. The findings suggest that marital rape is a kind of violence that stays invisible, under robust social control preventing its exposure to women. Keywords: Marital rape; invisibility; domestic violence.