Kind Of Economic Activity Research Articles

Climate change, energy production, and Arctic tourism: A case study analysis of northern Alaska

Abstract Historically, there have been two kinds of economic activities in northern Alaska. The first and oldest is the subsistence lifestyle of the Indigenous peoples. The second and more recent is the development of the oil and gas industry, which began in earnest in 1977 with the competition of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline and construction of a new road, the Dalton Highway. Although first used only by commercial traffic for the oilfield, in 1994, the highway opened to the public and is now frequented by tourists travelling above the Arctic Circle. In this paper, we analyse the future of northern Alaska tourism by considering evolutionary economic geography and the area’s likely reduction in oil and gas activity. We consider how climate change may serve as a trigger, impacting tourism through the rise of last chance tourism, and conduct a scenario-based analysis. We argue that the oil and gas industry is likely to continue along its current path, exhausting accessible resources and innovating technology to push into new territories in the far north. However, should the culmination of extraneous factors render climate change a trigger, industry decline could be offset by investments that repurpose the area’s industrial heritage into tourism sites.

The relationship between rural information consumption and regional economic development with spatial Durbin model-A case study of Zhejiang, China.

Information consumption is a kind of economic activity that directly or indirectly takes information products and information services as consumption objects. Most of the existing studies have established the "formula" of rural information consumption in promoting economic and social development, while few efforts have been devoted to study the quantitative reciprocities between them. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between information consumption in rural areas and regional economic development with a case study of Zhejiang, China. Based on rural information consumption-related indexes, basic geographic data, and other publicly available regional economic development related data, we conduct the exploration with the spatial Durbin model (SDM). The study indicates that (1) from the perspective of spatial analysis, the economic development level of all prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang, China has a significant positive spatial correlation; (2) in rural areas, the network infrastructure improvement, information industry clustering, etc. can accelerate enhancing information consumption and promote regional economic development; and (3) facilitate the development of rural information consumption is conducive to alleviate the imbalance of regional economic development. It is hoped that our study can help understand the current situation of information consumption in rural China and provide a theoretical reference for rural economic and social development.

Перспективи визнання економічних спеціальностей і цифрової оцінки вченого в Україні

Scientific research on the prospects for the development of education and science in Ukraine in the context of European integration and information transformation is considered at almost every scientific conference and is present in government decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. However, there are still many unsolved questions (and often debatable) about the prospects for recognizing economics specialties in the new system of adaptation to the International Standard for the Classification of Education, which requires detailed revision. Simultaneously, given the positive trends in the development of the digital economy in Ukraine, we believe that it is worth exploring the possibility of developing a methodological approach to the digital assessment of a scientist. The article considers the analysis of economics specialties that were enshrined in the system of higher education in Ukraine before 2015 and further on, taking into account adaptation to international standards. However, blind copying of foreign standards has buried alive the economic science itself, which was based on marketing, accounting and auditing, and finance. Therefore, the publication presents a graphical model of the relationship between economics specialties through the analysis of the fundamental understanding of its individual directions. It is also emphasized that it is necessary to enshrine in the economic science the specialty «Management (by kinds of economic activity)» at the master’s and doctoral levels of higher education. This can be justified by the fact that not all specialists in a particular sector of the economy (educators, employees of health care institutions, etc.), although they are professionals in their field, due to the lack of knowledge in various disciplines of management and economics, can be efficient managers. Management is one of the directions of economic science, the subject of study of which is the search for methods of rational organization of the production system on the basis of marketing, financial and accounting support for the creation and realization of consumer value and obtaining the planned profit. The number of higher education institutions in each region allows creating new and improving traditional educational programs directly for the specific features of regional business. Thus, further research should be aimed at studying individual educational programs of economic specialties in the regions of Ukraine in order to form a national strategy for the development of higher education for subsequent years. Regarding the development of scientific research in the context of the formation of a digital society, we propose to create a web platform for assessing the scientific activities of scientists based on the results of conferences, seminars or forums on the basis of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES) in cooperation with other educational and scientific organizations. The algorithm of actions should be as follows: an educational and scientific organization coordinates with the MES the relevant scheduled conference; a scientific platform is created on the website of the MES, where interested conference participants register personal pages and which are open to other registered participants; the latter send materials to the educational and scientific organization holding the conference; the educational and scientific organization forms a scientific manual in electronic format, each article of which is displayed simultaneously on the personal page of the conference participant; in the future, each registered participant may, if desired, express his own scientifically based comment and rate for this material (0–100 points). Therefore, further scientific research should be aimed at determining the classification criteria in establishing points for scientific material in accordance with the assessment «Excellent, can be implemented (90–100 points)» to «Unsatisfactory, requires significant revision (up to 50 points)».

Linguistic landscape in transnational areas: a comparative study of African and Korean neighbourhoods in Guangzhou

ABSTRACT Not only does language practice in shop signs generate a sense of place with particular meanings to visitors, it also indicates the kind of economic activity performed in that place. By investigating and comparing the shop name signs in the two largest foreign migrant neighbourhoods in Guangzhou, specifically, Baohan Straight Street (African community) and Yuanjing Road (Korean community), this study aims to reveal the distinctive economic patterns reflected by the two different linguistic landscapes and to shed new light on the relationship between linguistic landscape and economy. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to interpret the messages the shop name signs convey, including an examination of language choices and combinations as well as other visual resources used in the signs. The findings suggest that the foreign languages, namely, English and Korean, perform contrasting functions, with the former providing more practical information while the latter being more of an index of ‘Korean authenticity’. The disparate linguistic landscapes in these two contexts emerge as an outcome of two specific economic patterns, namely, ‘low-end globalisation’ and ‘symbolic economy’.

DAMPAK ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN HUTAN MENJADI PERKEBUNANKELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT

AbstactThis research aimed to find the area distribution and the impacts of forest landto oil palmplantations conversion towards the social and economy conditions of people inDesaSepukLaut from 2012 to 2021. The form of research used was qualitative researchwith case study method. The techniques of data collection included remote sensingtechnique (special methods and characteristics of geography) and triangulationtechnique. The tools of data collection were observation guidelines (field accuracy test),interview guidelines, and public documents. The data were analysed using SIG analysis(Overlay) and Miles and Huberman’s analysis model. The findings showed that (1) thearea distribution of land conversion in DesaSepaukLautin the period 2012 to 2021 was3,902 Ha, and the most dominant change of land conversionwas the conversion of forestland to oil palm plantations in SepukLaut Village reaching to 2035 Ha. In percentage, thetotal area of forest which was converted to oil palm plantations was 52.15%; (2) Thisphenomenon had impacted the education, the kinds of economic activities, and theincome of people within the area.Keywords: Impacts of land conversion, palm oil, social and economy

Political organizing and narrative framing in the sharing economyAirbnb host clubs in New York City

As cities accommodate, resist, and negotiate with the spread of so-called ‘sharing economy’ companies, the question of how these businesses actively construct new markets (or sub-markets) through political mobilization and rhetorical strategy has become increasingly salient. This paper explores the ways in which the home-sharing platform Airbnb has sought to carve out a regulatory and discursive space for operation through the political mobilization of its ‘hosts’ in New York City. Based on nearly two years of ethnographic research, the paper argues that host clubs are not merely top-down transmission belts for the company’s political lobbying strategy; beyond political organizing, they are also sites in which the very practices of hosting through Airbnb are affirmed, rehearsed, learned, and debated. On the one hand, Airbnb host clubs are both physical embodiments of, and mechanisms for, the narrative framing of ‘home-sharing’ as a particular kind of economic activity that is more democratic, inclusive, and sustainable than the traditional hospitality industry. On the other hand, Airbnb host clubs reveal and reflect the tensions – between hosts and Airbnb, and among hosts themselves – that persist over the practice of home-sharing. As the calls for tighter regulation and increased penalties for illegal short-term rentals continue to grow, however, the question of whether host clubs constitute a viable mechanism for political mobilization and regulatory reform remains an open one.

The End of Western Economic Growth Theory

Economics is a science that studies how the economy grows, so the theory of economic growth is the most important theory of economics. In the real market economy society, people achieve the goal of economic growth through two kinds of economic activities: production and transaction. Then a correct economic growth theory must be one that can explain both production and transaction economic activities. Just like Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics, it can explain the motion law of all objects. For a long time, we have been dominated by the western economic growth theory of western mainstream economics. It is not difficult to find that it has a fatal defect, which can only explain production economic activities but not transaction economic activities. So it can’t explain the Chinese economy, and it can’t explain the western economy. The new economic growth theory proposed in this paper makes up for the defects of western economic growth theory, and it is the terminator of western economic growth theory. This is a revolution of new economics to traditional western economics.

An assessment of innovation in economic sectors of the Pridneprovsky Economic Region in Ukraine

The article provides a comparative assessment of the innovativeness of Ukrainian and Polish manufacturing. The main types and kinds of innovation in different sectors of the Pridneprovsky Economic Region are identified and each kind of economic activity in the region is rated in terms of intensity and efficiency of development. It was found out that the most promising sector of the Pridneprovsky Economic Region was the engineering industry, where innovation is based on engineering developments and research. The authors provide economic justification for measures to increase intensity and efficiency, and hence the level of innovation of key economic activities of the region. What is required is an innovation-oriented ecosystem that provides conditions for research and development, the formation and development of networks that consolidate activities of research centers and science-intensive industrial production, training of professional staff; reliable protection of intellectual property, the development of industrial clusters; that facilitate access to global sources of technology, knowledge and highly qualified engineering and technical personnel.

China’s Post-Socialist Governmentality and the Garlic Chives Meme: Economic Sovereignty and Biopolitical Subjects

This article analyzes a popular meme that has spread rapidly among Chinese internet users in the last few years, ‘garlic chives’ ( jiucai), as a self-mockery of the bio-economic subject in contemporary China. This metaphor refers to those ordinary Chinese people who are constantly lured to participate in all kinds of economic activities, but whose investments are destined to be consumed by the establishment. Through a close study of this popular meme and the social conditions from which it arises, this article demonstrates two main features of the Chinese economic subject that supports the state’s economic sovereignty: the thriving of self-sufficient and rule-abiding individuals, and the quality of these individuals as hard working and capable of producing wealth on their own. This article offers a critique of PRC’s post-socialist governmentality, and it provides insights about the relation between the biological and the political in our complicated world order.

To the Use of Etymological Methods in the Research of the Origin of Slavs

Introduction. This article is written in the development of the theme of the application of linguistic methods to historical research, more specifically, to the research of the circumstances of the origin of the Slavic ethnic group. These circumstances have not yet been clarified to the extent excluding clashes of opinions, down to opinions opposite to each other. In particular, the range of supposed dates for the appearance of the Common Slavic language varies from the 3rd millennium BC to the middle of the 1st millennium AD. The article describes an attempt of restricting this range. Methodology and sources. The main ethno-defining trait is a common language: the Old Russian lexeme ɪ азыкъ meant both “ethnos” and “language”. Usually a common language is, according to O. N. Trubachev, the result of convergence of many originally different dialects. The search for the probable time of the Common Slavic language origin has been accomplished under the following assumption: the factor consolidating dialects into the Common Slavic language (“Slavic Koine”) were kinds of economic activities that spanned a number of tribal groups, including the group of speakers of the actual Proto-Slavic dialect that initiated these activities. The type of this production can be tried to determine by the ancient original Slavic industrial terms. Then, assuming the possibility of migrations of Proto-Slavs from the territory where the Common Slavic language was formed, to the territory inhabited by foreign-speaking tribes, we have searched for the names of local flora and fauna borrowed in Slavic languages, as well as foreign-speaking place names; in the languages of ethnic groups currently living in the territory of the formation of the Common Slavic language, we must, accordingly, find traces of Slavic names of local flora and fauna, as well as toponyms, Slavic by origin. Results and discussion. Examining Slavic vocabulary, we have found there: a) Common Slavic names of copper, lead and silver, i. e. metals that have been simultaneously found in Old Europe exclusively in the Balkan-Carpathian metallurgical province of the 4th millennium BC; b) the original Slavic terms related to mining and metallurgy; c) the original Slavic names of crops and a number of other plants native to the Eastern Mediterranean and neighboring areas, as well as the names of the agricultural inventory; d) Finno-Ugric borrowings of the names of Northern European fish and Finno-Ugric place names in the absence of German borrowings. In the languages of peoples living in the Eastern Mediterranean one can find zoonyms, phytonyms and place names with unclear etymology, which, upon closer examination, can be explained as borrowings from dialects of the Proto-Slavic language. Conlcusion. The totality of the observed lexical data leads to the conclusion that the ancestral home of Slavs was localized in the Eastern Mediterranean. This data does not correspond to any of other Indo-European (IE) languages other than the Baltic languages, which suggests, in particular, that only Proto-Slavs and Proto-Balts were directly related to the Balkan-Carpathian Metallurgical Province of the 4th millennium BC and that the languages of the respective groups were being formed in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean at that very time.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РИНКУ ПОСЛУГ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ: СИТУАЦІЯ ДО ТА В ПЕРІОД COVID-19

The article analyzes the amount of services, provided by the enterprises of Lviv region. It is confirmed that the pandemic has negatively influenced the sphere development, but for medical industry, which has fast adapted to the situation by accumulating forces for its development. It is determined that in 2019-2020 the amount of fulfilled services reduced by 5%, whereas in the last five years, it increased by 26.4%. However, the amount of fulfilled serviced of professional, scientific and technical activities, increased twice, as well as the services of healthcare and social support. In 2019-2020, the amount of services fulfilled in the field of administrative and assistance increased 1.7 times; services fulfilled in the field of art, sport and recreation, as well as in the sphere of information and telecommunication – 1.6 times. The highest indices of the amount of services provided by the enterprises operating in the field of services in Lviv region were marked in 2018 and made UAH 40 420.0 million, whereas in 2015 the index was the lowest and made UAH 29 758.9 million. The author supplies analysis of the amount of fulfilled services by the kinds of economic activities in Lviv region in 2015-2020. The research substantiates the structure of the amount of fulfilled services by the kinds of economic activities in Lviv region and identifies that in the period from 2015 to 2020, the largest share was taken by transport, storage, mail and courier services. To improve the situation at the market of services in the period of COVID 19 pandemic, the author suggests the following, particularly in the field of insurance, to focus on the costs and profitability level, to reorient the insurers to the program of price changes, to optimize the costs of contractors and suppliers; to shape a program of actions concerning digitalization; in the banking sphere, it is proposed to improve the quality of the credit portfolio, the NBU should prolong the simplified rules of the credit risk assessment until the pandemic end; in the field of education, to make a flexible schedule of training and to stimulate self-education; in the sphere of medical services, it is expedient to maximize the efforts to use innovative technologies, to improve conditions of emergency departments, to improve protection of patients and doctors; in the field of tourism, it is reasonable to pay attention to the budget stimulation of the tourism field.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЯК ВИЗНАЧАЛЬНИЙ ЧИННИК ВИБОРУ МЕТОДУ ОБЛІКУ ВИТРАТ

The article is devoted to the analysis of widely used methods of cost accounting. The legal framework governing the implementation of cost accounting in Ukraine is detailed. The analysis of the modern researches devoted to a choice of a method of the account of expenses and calculation of prime cost is presented. The key components of the production cost of manufactured products are detailed. A comparative description of domestic and foreign methods is presented, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also, among the advantages of the normative method and the standard-costing method are the following: cost planning, the ability to predict the amount of costs for future periods, timely detection of deviations and finding out the reasons. The out-of-order method is characterized by the exact determination of the cost of each individual unit of manufactured products, which is very informative for management accounting. Direct costing is an accurate analysis of marginal revenue, significant integration of financial and management accounting and provides reporting with operational information on current product profitability. The preliminary method is used for the reasons of simple analytical accounting, ease of distribution of overhead costs between shops, simple and clear information in the account. The ABC method allows you to clearly distribute overhead costs, provides information on the total production cost of products for internal users. The target-cost method helps in cost planning at the stage of project development, assessment of market needs and competitiveness, the possibility of operational cost control, cost optimization, transparency of resource used. The expediency of application of each method depending on technological features of the enterprises and kind of economic activity is investigated. In particular, the mining, processing industries, large-scale production with a complex technological process, agriculture will use the normative method and the standard costing method. For enterprises that have implemented the IFRS the direct costing and ABC method are common. Additionally, companies with differentiated production and a wide range of goods uses such methods as well. For large corporations that manufacture a complex expensive product, such as mechanical engineering, manufacture of electronic devices, technology it is common to use target costing method.

ИННОВАЦИИ И ИНВЕСТИЦИИ В ПРОЦЕССАХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В РЕГИОНЕ

In connection with the wide multifaceted introduction of information technologies in various spheres of life and activity of the world's population, scientists are talking about the development of society in the digital economy. Processing of large amounts of information, neurotechnologies, 3D printing and other innovations are an integral part of today's life, allowing us to significantly improve the efficiency of production management, the technologies used, equipment, sales, delivery of goods, etc. In the Russian Federation, the concept of "Digital economy" is enshrined in the Strategy for the Development of the Information Community for 2017-2030, approved by Presidential Decree No. 203 of 09.05.2017. In turn, innovations, which imply constant technological improvement of the processes of production, sales, management, etc., are the basis of the innovative economy. The innovative economy is considered as a type of economy, and the digital economy as a kind of economic activity. The question arises of the interaction of these categories and the analysis of their impact on the processes of managing the development of the region's economy in the conditions of processing large flows of information, which is given in the author's interpretation in this article. The elements of the introduction of innovative technologies in the production of agricultural products of the Orenburg region, as one of the leading agricultural regions of the country, are presented. It is noted that a technological breakthrough is needed, an integral part of which is the introduction of digitalization of processes in agricultural production. The emphasis is placed on the need to use reliable information for processing when making managerial decisions. This can be helped by creating a single information and consulting digital platform that also allows you to automatically make the necessary calculations to assess the use of your own and attracted funds, including taking into account state support. The result of determining the effectiveness of investing in the acquisition of a specific innovative technology is presented.

Environmental determinants of energy-efficient transformation of national economies for sustainable development

Energy-efficient transformations of national economies constitutes a mechanism that will facilitate the creation of an effective national social reproduction system. This paper investigates the national economic structure of Ukraine to determine the level of eco-destructive impacts caused by human and industrial activities at the following four levels: low, average, high and critical. Environmental risk assessment was the methodology adopted for evaluating the impacts of different kinds of economic activities in Ukraine. Three indicators used for determining the impact of eco-destructive activities are environmental costs, environmental cost intensity, and environmental risk. Using Sumy States as a case study, the investigation evaluated relevant ecological and economic indicators and determined the average annual environmental costs of production in Ukraine.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Entrepreneurial Capacity and Financial Security in Ukraine

The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business activities in Ukraine and the world and its financial security. The analysis showed that the economy of Ukraine and most countries of the world suffered significant losses from the introduction of anti-epidemic restrictions on business activity, which turned out to be in the fall of GDP, index of industrial production investment activity. Because of temporary or complete shutdown of business the unemployment rate increased significantly. The pandemic crisis also negatively impacted the financial results of enterprises, which decreased significantly in all kinds of economic activities, especially in industry, transport, temporary accommodation and catering, where the share of unprofitable enterprises reaches 73%. Thus, the problem of ensuring the financial security of business becomes relevant. The aim of the work is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the impact of the pandemic crisis on the financial security of business and to identify effective ways of ensuring such security. In the process of research methods of scientific abstraction, comparative and system analysis and synthesis, systematization and logical generalization were used. It was determined that the pandemic affected small and medium businesses most of all, where a strong negative impact was experienced by more than 60% of entrepreneurs. Large businesses were less affected, but they also suffered significant losses due to the decline in business activity and demand in the domestic and foreign markets. Agriculture was least affected by the pandemic, which suffered the least losses, primarily due to the insignificant impact of restrictions affecting the activities of this business. The paper systematized the risks arising from the factors of the pandemic crisis, identifying their manifestations and financial implications for business. As shown by the research, such consequences are manifested in the form of full or partial loss of profits, problems with debt repayment, reduction of financial stability, liquidity, increase in accounts receivable, increased costs for anti-epidemic measures, etc. Thus, the procedure for assessing the business’s financial security is to take into account all factors that shape the financial situation of business entities during a pandemic crisis in a comprehensive manner.

Environmental determinants of energy-efficient transformation of national economies for sustainable development

Energy-efficient transformations of national economies constitutes a mechanism that will facilitate the creation of an effective national social reproduction system. This paper investigates the national economic structure of Ukraine to determine the level of eco-destructive impacts caused by human and industrial activities at the following four levels: low, average, high and critical. Environmental risk assessment was the methodology adopted for evaluating the impacts of different kinds of economic activities in Ukraine. Three indicators used for determining the impact of eco-destructive activities are environmental costs, environmental cost intensity, and environmental risk. Using Sumy States as a case study, the investigation evaluated relevant ecological and economic indicators and determined the average annual environmental costs of production in Ukraine.

ВИНОКУРІННЯ У КИЇВСЬКІЙ ГУБЕРНІЇ НАПРИКІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ ст.

The attention of the author is focused on the problem of the development of distillation production in Kyiv Governorate at the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century. The legal foundations regulating the activities in this sphere of the noble entrepreneurship are considered. Distilling provided significant profits to private owners and consistently high contributions to the state. It fueled the system of local suppliers of raw materials and helped orient local farms to service distilleries. On the basis of archival materials and cases it is proved that distillation remained an extremely profitable kind of economic activity not only among nobles, but also among different society class at the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century. Distilleries were kept the bourgeoisie and wealthy peasants. A significant percentage of the owners were Jews, as well as Russians and Ukrainians in terms of ethnic composition. The article deals with the social problems in the development of distillation in Kyiv Governorate in addition to economic problems at the period after reforms. The specifics of distillation, sources of raw materials and social position of workers are described in Kyiv Governorate. Kyiv Governorate’s distillery became a progressive type of processing industry at that time - the vast majority of distilleries were located in stone buildings, had various devices and equipment perfect for that time, used self-employed workers in the enterprise. Despite significant savings in labor, the distillery owners neglected to work safely, which remained at a low level.

Dialogues with the Cold: Natural Low Temperatures in the Everyday Life of Rural Residents of Yakutia (Sakha Republic) in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

ABSTRACT The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is famous as a region of extremely low natural temperatures, a territory of cold and the phenomena of snow, ice, and permafrost that owe their existence to it. The anthropology of cold, which the authors term cryoanthropology, including analysis of its role and place in the economic and sociocultural practices of the region’s Indigenous population, is relevant but little studied. The authors present experiences applying traditional knowledge of the Sakha (Yakuts) about cold, allowing for its resources to be used in everyday functioning for life sustenance, in various kinds of economic activity. They analyze systemic ethnocultural adaptations to phenomena connected with natural low temperatures. Drawing on data predominantly from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the authors integrate examples of the “dialogue” of rural inhabitants with the cold, especially its benefits.

Assessments of national tourism development in terms of sustainability and inclusiveness

The increase in global population movement and the development of tourism are connected with the development of transport and other infrastructures. Therefore, funds flow and capital migration increase, while it is possible to accumulate funds with the help of tourism, as well as to increase the GDP of countries, infrastructure and climate of which are attractive for tourists. Two hypotheses about the impact of tourisms on the environment are confirmed: positive and negative effects. A new approach of a “solidarity tourism” as a specific type of inclusive tourism, which is a process of cooperation between various participants of a tourism industry, is proposed. Solidarity tourism means that rural households, which are not fully involved in tourism services once get the opportunity to intensify their activities in this industry by focusing their service on people with special needs. In this case, a “double benefit” in a context of inclusiveness is achieved: on the one hand, an employment and income from tourism are provided in the rural households as a continuation and diversification of agricultural activity, and, on the other hand, quality tourism services are provided for those with special needs. The inclusiveness of tourism services in Ukraine is more connected with the inclusion of a wide range of rural households in the tourism field than with an accessibility of such services for those with special needs and disabilities. Institutional household sector exceeded the non –financial corporation sector in temporary accommodation and catering provision. Rural tourism becomes more widespread as a kind of economic activity mostly for households, located in environmentally friendly areas. However, Ukraine is among outsiders in terms of tourism due to a range of recent events that creates not very attractive image of the country, imperfection of legislation, the lack of effective actions of the government and insufficient desire to invest in tourism development. This article analyzes macroeconomic performances of rural tourism in the country, the level of the interest of population and communities in creation of a favorable tourism atmosphere. Several recreation points are estimated according to the proposed indicator of the investment attractiveness for tourism and the relevant conclusions are grounded. It was found that there is an ecological depletion of natural resources in Ukraine and no proper funds are invested in their recovery. This situation threatens the ecosystem, preservation of ethno cultural values and the development of tourism potential. At the same time, the meaning of environmental protection and the creation of environmentally friendly places for tourism become more important in the developed countries. There is no government support for the environmentally friendly tourism in Ukraine. Rural households provide hospitality services and improve environmental quality of them by investing their own funds.

Specific Features of Application of the FAS Order No. 220 in Respect of Determination of Commodity Boundaries of the Merchandise Market (On the Example of the Mineral Wool Market)

Authors of this research analyze specific features of application of the Order of the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service (FAS) No. 220 in respect of determination of commodity boundaries of the market and creation of necessary conditions for competition in the mineral wool market. Preliminary determination of the commodities, which was carried out on the basis of analysis of the All-Russian classifiers of products and kinds of economic activity, has shown that in the course of determination of the merchandise market it is necessary to include glass wool, slag wool, and stone wool into one and the same commodity group. Due to the complexity of performance of the comprehensive and representative expert investigation, it is possible to utilize the data of the RF FAS research, which was carried already. Authors of this article describe specific features of determination of the merchandise market through the example of such commodities as ‘the glass wool goods’: this market was subject to analysis of the RF FAS in 2017. Selection of the investigation methods is to be made on the basis of the investigation periods and accessibility of information (among other factors).