Kinds Of Problems Research Articles

Petri net-based object-centric processes with read-only data

During the last decade, various approaches have been put forward to integrate business processes with different types of data. Each of these approaches reflects specific demands in the whole process-data integration spectrum. One particularly important point is the capability of these approaches to flexibly accommodate processes with multiple case objects that need to co-evolve. In this work, we introduce and study an extension of coloured Petri nets, called catalogue and object-aware nets (COA-nets), providing two key features to capture this type of processes. On the one hand, net transitions are equipped with guards that simultaneously inspect the content of tokens and query facts stored in a read-only, persistent database. On the other hand, such transitions can inject data into tokens by extracting relevant values from the database or by generating genuinely fresh ones. We demonstrate that this class of nets can be used for representing various multi-case modelling scenarios involving objects with one-to-many correlations. We then study a parameterised verification problem of COA-nets and show how to systematically encode them into one of the reference frameworks for attacking that kind of problem in the context of infinite-state systems with data. We demonstrate that different fragments of COA-nets can have different expressive power that can affect the decidability of not only the verification problem at hand, but also the standard problem of place nonemptiness checking. Finally, we discuss how COA-nets relate to well-known formalisms in the area of multi-case and data-aware process modelling and analysis.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE SAFE TRAVEL PLANNING SYSTEM

The paper is aimed at developing information technology for planning safe tourist trips. The difficulty of building a tourist route is to give the user the opportunity to build it with interesting tourist attractions. This kind of problem can be classified as a combinatorial optimization problem, the solution of which will be the salesman’s problem in its open version. Solving optimization problems is performed using various algorithms, but they have the following disadvantages: – all algorithms often have limitations of local solutions; – only one solution is used as a source; – each method is quite sensitive to the choice of conditions. The key elements of this technology are the module of choice of tourist places, the module of analysis of responses of other users, the module of planning / modification of a route, the module of forecasting of occurrence of emergency situations. The last module consists of several models of machine learning. All trained models are tested for adequacy and will be used in the future to predict the likelihood of a forest fire. The initial data of the developed system provide the user with an understanding of the situation regarding the probability of a forest fire. Data are calculated as predictions based on the original data and create a forecast for this set of characteristics. As a source, the user will receive an apology visualization in the form of a graph for a specific data set, as well as a map with a prediction for a specific region for easier visual perception. The route planning and navigation system can be used for mobile devices such as PDAs and mobile phones. It includes three main functions: (1) access updated information about the place of interest; (2) plan a specific day for the user according to his / her preferences; (3) user navigation of the selected travel route and dynamic rescheduling. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) in combination with middleware methods and web services is used to design and implement system architecture. The system has a functional personal page of the user, which will display personal information of the user. The page is used to identify the user as well as his preferences. The system has two-factor authorization to log in. All personal data of users is stored in encrypted form and can be securely protected from theft. User authorization is performed at different levels: editing level, viewing level, change monitoring and analysis level.

Improved Watermark Criteria Through Mark image

With many applications using digital multimedia technologies, the need to protect digital multimedia data from hackers is emphasized. Copyright holders are concerned about protecting any kind of unlawful duplication of their information. With all these kinds of problems, technology development is very important. Digital watermarks are an important requirement to protect multimedia data. There are important criteria to measure the success of a watermarking process, it is confidentiality, capacity and reliability. In this paper, the logo mark was relied upon to achieve these criteria to a high degree by taking advantage of the symmetry characteristic of the logo image, Which is often used this type of logo images. Symmetry reduces the size of the embedded data, reduces the location of the embedded within the image, and increases confidentiality by encrypting less data in various ways.

Enhanced Multi-Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization for Constrained Problems with an Evolutionary-Strategies-Based Unfeasible Local Search Operator

Nowadays, optimization problems are solved through meta-heuristic algorithms based on stochastic search approaches borrowed from mimicking natural phenomena. Notwithstanding their successful capability to handle complex problems, the No-Free Lunch Theorem by Wolpert and Macready (1997) states that there is no ideal algorithm to deal with any kind of problem. This issue arises because of the nature of these algorithms that are not properly mathematics-based, and the convergence is not ensured. In the present study, a variant of the well-known swarm-based algorithm, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), is developed to solve constrained problems with a different approach to the classical penalty function technique. State-of-art improvements and suggestions are also adopted in the current implementation (inertia weight, neighbourhood). Furthermore, a new local search operator has been implemented to help localize the feasible region in challenging optimization problems. This operator is based on hybridization with another milestone meta-heuristic algorithm, the Evolutionary Strategy (ES). The self-adaptive variant has been adopted because of its advantage of not requiring any other arbitrary parameter to be tuned. This approach automatically determines the parameters’ values that govern the Evolutionary Strategy simultaneously during the optimization process. This enhanced multi-strategy PSO is eventually tested on some benchmark constrained numerical problems from the literature. The obtained results are compared in terms of the optimal solutions with two other PSO implementations, which rely on a classic penalty function approach as a constraint-handling method.

Cluttering framed: An historical overview

BACKGROUND: Cluttering has been described in the literature on speech disorders for over 300 years. Despite this, it remains a poorly understood condition whose history has not been analyzed as a whole to identify common themes and underlying frameworks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to identify thematic questions and frameworks contained within the literature on cluttering since the earliest found reference in 1717. METHODS: Information from influential historical and contemporary documents were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the types of questions, both implicit and explicit, that were posed in these materials. This information was ultimately organized into five thematic strands, presented here in the form of key questions. RESULTS: Five questions were derived from our historical analysis: (1) What should the problem be called? (2) What kind of problem is it? (3) What are its defining features? (4) What are its causes? and (5) How should it be treated? The first four questions are discussed in this review. The fifth question will be addressed in a companion paper (see this issue). CONCLUSIONS: Consensus has been achieved on what to call the disorder (cluttering) and in what domain it should be placed (fluency). Less agreement exists regarding its defining features, causes, and treatment. We propose that alternative conceptual frameworks may be useful in breaking new ground in our understanding and management of this complex condition.

PERAN PENGALAMAN KERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN: SUATU TINJAUAN TEORITIS DAN EMPIRIS

Work experience is very necessary in improving employee performance in the company. Employee work experience shows the level of mastery of skills. Employees who have had more years of service will have various kinds of work experience in solving various kinds of problems within the company. It is expected that employees will have good quality resources in improving work performance. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of work experience in improving employee performance scientifically based on the results of the existing literature review. If employees have a lot of work experience, then the abilities possessed by employees will be in accordance with the work given, so that employees have high performance. This employee performance refers to the results of work in completing the work. This role has a positive nature which means the more work experience an employee has, the employee's performance will increase. Keywords: Work Experience; Employee Performance; Performance

Calibration dilemmas in the ethics of distribution

AbstractThis paper presents a new kind of problem in the ethics of distribution. The problem takes the form of several ‘calibration dilemmas’, in which intuitively reasonable aversion to small-stakes inequalities requires leading theories of distribution to recommend intuitively unreasonable aversion to large-stakes inequalities. We first lay out a series of such dilemmas for prioritarian theories. We then consider a widely endorsed family of egalitarian views and show that they are subject to even more forceful calibration dilemmas than prioritarian theories. Finally, we show that our results challenge common utilitarian accounts of the badness of inequalities in resources.

FEMINISME MARXIS DALAM NOVEL TEMPURUNG KARYA OKA RUSMINI

This study aims to describe Marxist feminism in Tempurung novels by Oka Rusmini. Marxist feminism is a problem related to social classes in the family and society. Marxist feminism is important to study, because in family life and in people's lives there are so many problems related to social classes especially those that occur in women. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. the data from this study are in the form of sentences that contain quotations containing Marxist feminism. The data source of this research is the Tempurung novel by Oka Rusmini. The technique used in collecting data is documentation techniques, because it collects data from written information in the form of Tempurung novels by Oka Rusmini. The results of this study of Marxist feminism show that in family life and in society there are still differences in social classes, especially in women. In this case women experience various kinds of problems, such as: women's position based on socio-economic and women's position based on social class in society. The position of women based on socio-economic conditions includes economic exploitation of employment and economic exploitation of marriage. Whereas the position of women based on social class in society includes class differences in family and class differences in society.

Reconstructing Seismic Images and Creating Pseudo-3D Volumes: a Machine Learning Approach

We describe how machine learning can be used to solve a range of interpolation problems regularly encountered in post-stack seismic data. In all experiments we train a U-net type of deep learning model on examples extracted in good-quality data areas. The 2D or 3D input images utilized for our training set are manipulated such that the inputs exhibit the same kind of problems as observed in the areas with poor, or missing data. We repair these poor data areas by applying the trained model. We show examples of interpolating missing traces, decreasing the bin-size (quadrupling the number of traces), and replacing a bad data patch in an undershoot area. We also demonstrate that these trained models are generic interpolators that can be reused without retraining to solve similar problems in other data sets. Finally, we use the same technology to create pseudo-3D volumes from 2D data. We present two workflows: a direct transformation approach and a transformation that takes place in the flattened domain. The latter approach is more demanding as it involves interpretation followed by flattening and unflattening the data.

Classroom Management Problems Faced by Pre-service Teachers of English Education Program in Senior High Schools

This research was intended to find out the kinds of problems, and how pre-service teachers deal with the problems relating to classroom management. The subject were students pre-service teachers who teach English to students in Senior High School. This study use quantitative descriptive method where the data of this study were gathered through the interview and questionnaire as the instruments of data collection. This study involved 56 students of English Education Program in FIB UB who conducted pre service teachers in Senior High School in academic year 2019/2020 as subject of the study. The participants were chosen by using random sampling technique in which the sample was chosen randomly, without considering any specific categorization both female and male. Specifically, the participants were chosen by considering their experience while pre-service teaching in Senior High School. This study used survey design as the method. The data was gathered through a questionnaire adapted from [1] Akarshu 2012, [2]Cezmi and Toprak (2013) and [3]Luo, Bellow and Grady (2000), the questionnaires about the problems relating in classroom management in learning process with a total of 21 statements. The researcher only takes 16 statements and translate to English. The research found 17 problems relating to classroom management which were additional item from the respondents and divided into two categories. They are; the classroom discipline and classroom participation. The five main problems are: 1) students make too much noise in class, 2) students lack of interest in lesson, 3) students inability to understand the lesson, 4) students not paying attention and 5) students come late to class. Moreover, dealing with the second research question about how the pre-service teachers deal with the problems, the writer found the SFS (students who try to find solutions) pre fer to solve the problems by developing teacher-students communication in the classroom.

IMPLEMENTASI HUKUM TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA PEREMPUAN YANG BEKERJA PADA MALAM HARI (Studi Pada Pekerja Hotel Lee Bandar Jaya Lampung Tengah)

Legal protection for workers is the fulfillment of basic rights inherent and protected by the constitution as regulated in Article 27 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 33 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution also states that the economy is structured as a joint effort of kinship. Violation of basic rights protected by the constitution is a violation of human rights. The sovereignty of a country is stated in the constitution which regulates the basics of the state and guarantees the rights and obligations of its citizens. Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is one solution in protecting workers and employers regarding the rights and obligations of each party. Labor protection is regulated more clearly in Article 67 to Article 101 covering the protection of workers with disabilities, children, women, working hours, occupational safety and health, wages and welfare. In principle, the Manpower Law protects and regulates the rights and obligations of both workers and employers. In its implementation, various kinds of problems may arise that can harm the workforce itself, especially with regard to legal protection for female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night. especially with regard to the legal protection of female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night. especially with regard to the legal protection of female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night.

An EFL Teacher Perspective on Implementation of Dual Curriculum (Cambridge and Indonesian K13 National Curriculum) at Mutiara Persada School, Yogyakarta

The aim of this research is to find out the problems and the strategies of the EFL teacher on the implementation of Cambridge and national curriculum (k13) at Mutiara Persada school of Yogyakarta. This research is conducted based on the difficulties encountered by EFL teacher in the implementation of Cambridge and National Curriculum on fourth grade of Mutiara Persada Elementary School of Yogyakarta. This research adopted a qualitative research design. This type of problem was dealing with personal struggle of the EFL teacher when teaching using the two curricula in an international class. The struggle could be psychological, technical, or just simply lack of knowledge in the field. Those kinds of problem would be appropriate if approached using personal interaction such as deep interview. The result of this research found that the most common problem was not from the teacher’s background of study which in this research is EFL teacher. However, the problem comes from how the teacher adapted to the both of curriculums. Instead, the EFL teacher has better understanding of English terms that are used in Cambridge textbook. Teacher with English background also has better understanding in viewing the students’ skill which in turn the teacher knows how to adapt themselves with the student’s capacity. EFL teacher also has benefit in teaching global mindset to the student which is part of Cambridge curriculum’s goal. The researchers also find out the strategy that the teacher used which is once that the terms are understood then the problem was to make the students understand that the term in Indonesian and in English is similar in meaning, only different in language. Since teaching young learners only uses a simple terminology, not the complex one, the only adaptation that the teacher made was only in the terms used.

A computational efficient optimization of flow shop scheduling problems

Flow shop scheduling problems are NP-hard problems. Heuristic algorithms and evolutionary metaheuristic algorithms are commonly used to solve this kind of problem. Although heuristic algorithms have high solving speed, the solution quality is not good. Evolutionary algorithms make up for this defect in small-scale problems, but the solution performance will deteriorate with the expansion of the problem scale and there will be premature problems. In order to improve the solving accuracy of flow shop scheduling problems, a computational efficient optimization approach combining NEH and niche genetic algorithm (NEH-NGA) is developed. It is strengthened in the following three aspects: NEH algorithm is used to optimize the initial population, three crossover operators are used to enhance the genetic efficiency, and the niche mechanism is used to control the population distribution. A concrete application scheme of the proposed method is introduced. The results of compared with NEH heuristic algorithm and standard genetic algorithm (SGA) evolutionary metaheuristic algorithm after testing on 101 FSP benchmark instances show that the solution accuracy has been significantly improved.

Analysis of Welding Technology about Bimetallic Clad Pipelines

Butt girth welding was a knotty problem for future application of bimetallic clad pipelines. At present, there were two kinds of problems: 1) To decide whether to use a variety of alloy welding procedure or to use corrosion resistant alloy full welding procedure; 2) After selecting the procedure, what kind of welding material should be equipped. In view of the above problems, taking 316L SS or 2205 DSS clad pipe as an example, welding process design and experimental analysis were conduted in this paper. Analysis of welding process from theory, standard and practice pointed out the control of welding hardness under different welding materials and procedure and directional suggestions of welding for bimetallic clad pipelines were provided. Futher the hardness distribution and CVN absorbed Energy test results of different welding processes showed welding quality could be guaranteed only when ENiCrMo-3 welding material was chosen for the whole weld.

Stochastic Approximate Algorithms for Uncertain Constrained K-Means Problem

The k-means problem has been paid much attention for many applications. In this paper, we define the uncertain constrained k-means problem and propose a (1+ϵ)-approximate algorithm for the problem. First, a general mathematical model of the uncertain constrained k-means problem is proposed. Second, the random sampling properties of the uncertain constrained k-means problem are studied. This paper mainly studies the gap between the center of random sampling and the real center, which should be controlled within a given range with a large probability, so as to obtain the important sampling properties to solve this kind of problem. Finally, using mathematical induction, we assume that the first j−1 cluster centers are obtained, so we only need to solve the j-th center. The algorithm has the elapsed time O((1891ekϵ2)8k/ϵnd), and outputs a collection of size O((1891ekϵ2)8k/ϵn) of candidate sets including approximation centers.

LEARNING FROM HOME IN INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Online learning has become the only alternative in many countries during the Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. The study aimed to find about the online learning platform used by Indonesian elementary school teachers and what kind of problems they experienced during the outbreak in Semarang, Central Java. The research method used is the survey method. The survey was conducted online among 160 elementary school teachers, from 47 state and private schools to find fact what kind of online learning apps they used and the problem they have to experience while conducting online learning during the pandemic. According to the result of the study, we can conclude that there were 18 platforms used by teachers to conduct online learning during the pandemic. Therefore, teachers had to experience eight obstacles that most of the problems came from the internet connection, learning facilities, and the attitude of the students and parents toward online learning. From this result, teachers are expected to have a better understanding in carrying out the online learning, and find a better solution in order to solve the problems.

A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning Techniques Deployed in Agriculture: A Case Study of Banana Crop

Agricultural productivity is the asset on which the world’s economy thoroughly relies. This is one of the major causes that disease identification in fruits and plants occupies a salient role in farming space, as having disease disorders in them is obvious. There is a need to carry genuine supervision to avoid crucial consequences in vegetation; otherwise, corresponding vegetation standards, quantity, and productiveness gets affected. At present, a recognition system is required in the food handling industries to uplift the effectiveness of productivity to cope with demand in the community. The study has been carried out to perform a systematic literature review of research papers that deployed machine learning (ML) techniques in agriculture, applicable to the banana plant and fruit production. Thus; it could help upcoming researchers in their endeavors to identify the level and kind of research done so far. The authors investigated the problems related to banana crops such as disease classification, chilling injuries detection, ripeness, moisture content, etc. Moreover, the authors have also reviewed the deployed frameworks based on ML, sources of data collection, and the comprehensive results achieved for each study. Furthermore, ML architectures/techniques were evaluated using a range of performance measures. It has been observed that some studies used the PlantVillage dataset, a few have used Godliver and Scotnelson dataset, and the rest were based on either real-field image acquisition or on limited private datasets. Hence, more datasets are needed to be acquired to enhance the disease identification process and to handle the other kind of problems (e.g. chilling injuries detection, ripeness, etc.) present in the crops. Furthermore, the authors have also carried out a comparison of popular ML techniques like support vector machines, convolutional neural networks, regression, etc. to make differences in their performance. In this study, several research gaps are addressed, allowing for increased transparency in identifying different diseases even before symptoms arise and also for monitoring the above-mentioned problems related to crops.

Sustainable Development of New Energy Vehicle Industry in the Post-Subsidy Era

Because of the increasingly serious ecological and environmental problems, it has become a trend to explore the path of sustainable development. The vehicle industry has seized this opportunity to vigorously develop research on new energy vehicles, while the state also vigorously supports the development of new energy vehicle industry. But all kinds of problems in the process of policy implementation have led to the gradual decline of policy strength. The state subsidy has entered the post-subsidy era, which has had an important impact on consumers’ subjective attitude, acceptance degree and purchase intention towards new energy vehicles. To further explore the sustainable development path of new energy vehicle industry under the background of subsidy withdrawal, a variety of research methods were comprehensively used in this paper to correctly analyze the government and enterprises in the post-subsidy era, and finally the countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development path of new energy vehicle industry were put forward.

Triangulated irregular network interpolation method in spatial analysis

Spatial analysis makes it possible to obtain additional information from geospatial data by performing operations on their calculation. Usually spatial analysis is conducted on GIS platforms such as ArcGIS, QGIS and other software products. They possess specialized spatial analysis tools for object statistics as well as for geoprocessing. One of the mentioned tools is interpolation, which gives an opportunity to create a continuous surface by selected point values. However, the use of this tool depends on the application area, for instance, hydrology, ecology, etc. Each GIS platform user defines the tools that should be used depending on what kind of problems it is necessary to solve. Moreover, since spatial analysis is a complex process, there is a problem on the choice of interpolation method, because each of them has its own peculiarities. The most common method is TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) according to which the surface is built with a help of triangulation of a set of points, which represents a form of vector digital geospatial data. Furthermore, this method includes the Delaunay criterion, where the circle described around each triangle does not contain the initial data set inside. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the TIN method, as well as the analysis function of surfaces on GIS platforms taking into account the functionality of the method. In addition, there are given several recommendations for choosing an interpolation method for spatial analysis, since some of them are more accurate and useful than others, but the calculation takes longer than usual. In practice, the choice of a specific method of interpolation should depend on selective data (sampling data), the type of surfaces to be generated, and the level of evaluation errors.

ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫЕ УСТАНОВКИ БЕСПИЛОТНОГО ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНОГО АППАРАТА НА ГРАНУЛИРОВАННОМ ТВЕРДОМ ТОПЛИВЕ

The paper considers the use of a granulated solid fuel engine as a propulsion system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which will be able to solve different kinds of problems in extreme conditions (extreme temperatures and low oxygen content). Vari-ous schemes of propulsion system using granulated solid fuel have been developed and proposed: gas turbine and rocket-turbine engines (screw and jet type). The optimality criteria for the granular solid fuel are determined. The fuel components of the engine have been selected. The compositions of granular fuel based on ammonium perchlorate and polybutadiene with terminal hydroxyl substances have been studied. In accordance with the optimality criteria, a composition using HTPB 37 % was selected for calcula-tions. The fuel parameters correspond to the optimality criteria (combustion temperature 1270 K, gas constant 457 kJ/(kgK), the density which is taking into account the porosity 930 kg/m3, k-phase 3 %. The calculation of the scheme of a gas turbine engine is made. The operating ranges of the parameters of the propulsion system are determined, such as: the ratio of air consumption to fuel (from 12.5 to 27.5), temperatures in the afterburning zone (1600–1100 K), specific power (3500–4300 kW / (kg / s)), efficiency (25–28 %), specific fuel consumption (0.83–1.06 kg/(kWh)). A gas turbine engine powered by granulated fuel is inferior to a modern piston engine in terms of specific fuel consumption (0.83 versus 0.58). However, a gas turbine engine on granulated fuel is signifi-cantly superior to a piston engine in terms of fuel consumption by 16% and efficiency by 1.8 times. An unmanned aerial vehicle powered by granulated solid fuel operates in extreme conditions with sufficiently high efficiency parameters.