Kinds Of Conflicts Research Articles

A burden on future generations? How we learned to hate deficits and blame the baby boomers

The idea that public borrowing places an intolerable burden on posterity is as old as the institution of public debt itself. But the debate over deficit-spending assumed an entirely new scope and import with the rise of the fiscal state in the early twentieth century, as governments assumed greater responsibilities with regard to public welfare and found themselves subject to a new kind of conflict concerning the uses and distribution of public income. In this context, the intergenerational argument against social welfare spending became an important tool in the fight against class redistribution. With a focus on American debates, this article provides a historical sociology of the idea that deficits constitute a burden on future generations, identifying the key historical turning points when this idea acquired new political resonance. In particular, the article investigates how we learned to blame baby boomers for the alleged ills of government deficit-spending and how this now ubiquitous motif of public discourse was reintroduced by the Virginia school public choice theorist James M. Buchanan and later refined by the chief proponent of generational accounting, Laurence Kotlikoff.

Analisis Konflik Tokoh dalam Novel Pak Guru Karya Awang Surya

Literary work as an imaginary, fiction that offers a variety of human and human problems, life and life. One form of literary work is novel. In Awang Surya's novel Pak Guru, there are various kinds of conflicts. Research problems: (1) How is the conflict between the characters in the novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya? (2) How do the authors present the character conflicts in the novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya? This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research and uses descriptive methods. The data source used is the novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya consisting of 48 chapters and 328 pages. Data collection techniques through hermenuetic techniques, namely read, note and summarize. In analyzing the data, it refers to various relevant theories, namely using the theory of Nurgiyantoro (2009 and 2013) about character conflict and using the theory of Sukada (1993) about how the author expresses character conflict. The results of the study concluded that the conflicts contained in the novel Pak Guru by Awang Surya were (1) internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflicts experienced by the figures of Musa and Nasimah, the external conflicts occurred with the figures of Musa and SDN teachers, Musa and Pak Sarkowi, Musa with Alfan, Musa with Bu Eni, Musa with Nasimah. (2) The author's way of expressing character conflict in an analytical and dramatic manner. Keywords: Literature, Conflict, Internal, External, Analytical, Dramatic

An Architectural Reading of Zamyatin’s Intersectional Elements in The Novel “We”

“We” was written by Russian novelist Yevgeny Zamyatin in 1921 after the Soviet Revolution. To be at the edge of the conflicts was scrutinized at the novel, in which the protagonist, labeled as D-503, having a tentative position at the well-defined ground by the power which presented itself as the truth or the law. The narration was constructed via the diary of protagonist; how D-503 perceived the paradigm, which he had lived in, what kind of conflicts and contradictions he had been living with the system was questioned. Zamyatin chose very specific architectural elements to explain and criticize the dominant paradigm of the era -early 1920’s, and the periphery of that dominancy; like Green Wall, Glass Wall, logical labyrinth, cube square, and etc. These intersectional elements were constructed as in the form of blurred voids in order to unfold the ideological positions of the written period of the novel. The materialization and meaning of the walls, could be read as dialectic conceiving of how Zamyatin scrutinized both the revolution and the paradigm. As being a dystopia, the novel “We” criticizes the idealized beliefs that were presented as transparent, lucid and conductive.

Decreasing consumer animosity: The relationship between fast food businesses and social conflicts in Latin America and the Caribbean

Consumer animosity represents discomfort towards foreign goods, services and brands originating in countries with which there is some kind of conflict; in this way, a better understanding of consumer behavior in respect of hostilities between countries is sought. On the other hand, the conflicts in Latin America and the Caribbean are often overlooked in the academic literature, which focuses on studying the major Western economies and the great Asian tigers, given their political, economic and military value; for this reason, consumer animosity studies are mostly conducted in these countries. This study seeks to contribute to the scarce literature on consumer animosity in Latin America, through a current conflict between two South American countries, such as Colombia and Venezuela. The data processed through the PLS, allow us to demonstrate how the Colombian consumer, although he may have animosity towards Venezuela, has a positive image of the fast-food restaurants of Venezuelan origin in Colombia. In this way, this study shows that consumer animosity is not widespread, but must be studied specifically for each type of product, service, or brand.

Riflessioni sul diritto di satira e i suoi limiti

La satira è un paradigma estremo della libertà di espressione, ma esistono incertezze sulla sua definizione concettuale e sulla relativa disciplina giuridica. Lo sviluppo della comunicazione ha prodotto numerose figure letterarie simili tra loro come la cronaca (una registrazione impersonale e non interpretativa di fatti accaduti), la critica (analisi soggettiva e giudizio relativi a fatti accaduti) e la satira (critica sarcastica di personaggi, comportamenti, modi di fare individuali con scopo di denuncia sociale). Gli elementi che caratterizzano la satira, sviluppatisi nel corso dei secoli, sono sostanzialmente due: attenzione alle contraddizioni (della politica, della società, della religione, della cultura) e intento moralistico per promuovere un cambiamento sociale. La satira religiosa colpisce il potere ecclesiastico e le sue contraddizioni, ma colpisce anche i simboli religiosi e i contenuti delle religioni. Ne conseguono differenti conseguenze giuridiche. Quando colpisce il patrimonio di fede dei credenti essa non è accettabile. La satira religiosa genera una specie di conflitto tra differenti valori costituzionali, e cioè tra il diritto alla libera espressione del pensiero e il diritto alla reputazione e alla tutela del sentimento religioso. Il diritto di satira in generale è riconosciuto dagli ordinamenti giuridici (sia internazionali, sia nazionali) come diritto soggettivo di rilevanza costituzionale, che deriva dalla libertà di espressione e di pensiero. Pensiero, coscienza e religione – per esempio nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea – sono omologhi (come beni giuridici o valori etici). Pertanto pensiero, coscienza e religione non possono essere in contrapposizione tra loro. Notevoli incertezze esistono sulla disciplina giuridica del diritto di satira, che non può mai offendere i diritti fondamentali della persona, la sua dignità, la sua reputazione. La Carta di Nizza ha favorito un orientamento, che considera il diritto di libera espressione nella sua forma più ampia ed espansiva. È tuttavia sempre stato affermato il valore prevalente dei diritti umani fondamentali, che non possono essere offesi dall’esercizio del diritto di satira. Negli ordinamenti giuridici nazionali, la forza del diritto di satira consiste nel riconoscimento del suo rango costituzionale, ma anche nei limiti che deve avere. La giurisprudenza ha elaborato i vincoli “formali”, tra i quali i più importanti sono il limite della continenza e della funzionalità.

PROFIL GAYA MANAJEMEN KONFLIK PADA ISTRI YANG BEKERJA DI PERKANTORAN JABODETABEK

Wife who works has more than one role, namely the role of wife for the husband, mother forchildren, as a housekeeper, and as a worker. The many roles and responsibilities make workingwives vulnerable to various kinds of conflicts. If the conflict experienced is not handled properly,it will have the potential to damage the existing relationship. So it becomes important for a workingwife to be able to manage her conflict well. There are five conflict management styles developedby Thomas & Kilmann (2008) based on the dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness,namely; Competing, Collaborating, Compromising, Avoiding, and Accomodating. This study useda quantitative method, with 128 participants with the characteristics of a wife, full-time officeworker, age range within 20-40 years old (M= 30.8; SD= 4.88), have children and live in Jakartacity, Bogor city, Depok city, Tangerang city, and Bekasi city (Jabodetabek). Conflict managementstyle is measured using the Thomas-Killman Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) which is adapted inIndonesian. The results showed that the dominant conflict management style used by the workingwive in Jabodetabek is compromising. As well as the conflict management style that theparticipants have in each demographic category, namely participant age, length of marriage,living with nuclear family vs extended family, monthly range of income and length of work, iscompromising style.

Farmers-Herdsmen Conflict in Africa: The Case of Nigeria

General population growth and an increase in the number of farmers, environmental degradation, disruption of conditions for resolving land and water disputes, and the proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in the Sahel and West Africa have exacerbated the struggle for the survival and security of economic livelihoods, and in particular negatively affected relationships between shepherds and farmers in several communities in Africa. This kind of conflict between farmers and herdsmen mainly applies to Nigeria, but is also present in other African countries, especially in Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, Senegal, Cameroon, and Côte d’Ivoire. Such conflicts are not triggered by a single reason, but are driven by a set of multi-causal factors, such as scarce resources in the face of greater need, reprisal attacks, land and climate change, etc. Obviously, in case of Nigeria this kind of conflicts have a disintegrative impact, as they lead to the inimical effects to the country’s unity. The need for fostering value reorientation and restoring earlier interactive ties between herdsmen and farmers seems vital today, so that Nigerians can learn to appreciate the values that unite them more than those that separate the society.

Parent fiduciary breach

Abstract Parents who serve as trustees, and solicitors who draft trusts that involve family relations, may need to address whether parents are free to entertain conflicts and benefits that may be attributable to parent status. I discuss in broad terms the kinds of conflicts and benefits that normally should not be objectionable. The definitive consideration is the social definition of when parent access is a limited access.

Analysis on Innovative Path for Social Governance at the Primary Level

<p>Along with the continuous development for socialism, the main contradiction for China’s society is originated from demand and development of people for better life. Meanwhile, along with the sustainable transformation of society, various interest appealing has appeared gradually which will lead to the emergence of different kinds of conflicts. Generally, there is overlapping relationship for this part of contradiction and problems which have caused more severe situation faced by social governance at primary level. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the existing problems in social governance at primary level and explore the modern feasible path for this issue so that effective development for social governance at primary level and economics on people’s livelihood can be realized.</p>

Organizational Conflict Management In Creating Effective Communication of Higher Education Employees (Case Study at Darul ‘Ulum University Jombang)

The purpose of this research is to explain how promotes management conflict and communication effective. This kind of conflict can happen to everyone and in any places disregarding status, income and position. Someone who cannot manage conflicts will have a threat for his personal performance, and unfortunately, company’s performance will also gain the effect. Accordingly, we need a strategy to manage conflicts as an effort to create a good performance for individual employee performance as well as the team performance. Communication means providing information and distributing to the members of the organization, if the distribution is hampered because of the bad behavior committed by a person or one of the employees of the communication that exists becomes ineffective. In the long term ineffective communications will result in the emergence of misunderstanding interpretation giving rise to prejudice and ultimately lead to internal conflicts within the company or organization. Role management is urgently needed to resolve the conflict because of the impact of impact of the conflict will impact on the performance and effectiveness of the work in the company especially in in Darul Ulum University. Key words: conflict management, effective communication, organization.

Pandemics and Multiple Crises in Latin America.

The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is certainly one of the worst in recent Latin American history. Forecasts for 2020 show a drop in the exports sector of approximately 23%, and a 9% reduct ...

Causes of stress and conflict in the veterinary professional workplace \u2013 a perspective from Poland

BackgroundThe problems of burnout and the moral and ethical distress resulting from various kinds of conflict have been raised in the veterinary profession. However, their sources and inter-relationships have not been thoroughly recognized mainly due to the multidimensional nature of human interactions related to animal breeding, farming, welfare, prophylaxis and therapy. For the first time in Poland, an analysis of conflict and conflict-causing factors in veterinary practice has been conducted with the participation of veterinarians of various specialties and the owners of different animal species.ResultsConflict in the course of work is most often experienced by young veterinarians. The problems associated with communication between veterinarians and animal owners and unforeseen random situations are the general causes of conflict. Approved Veterinarians were identified by animal owners as the most common professional group associated with the conflict experienced .ConclusionsThere is a lack of professional preparation by veterinary surgeons to cope with unpredicted stressful situations at work, resulting from an absence of appropriate educational input in this area. The animal owners do not understand the role and duties of Approved Veterinarians.

Customary Practices of Musyawarah Mufakat: An Indonesian Style of Consensus Building

Musyawarah Mufakat is a form of Indonesian native culture of consensus building. It has been adopted as one of the foundational philosophical theories of the Indonesian state (Pancasila) and become a method of decision making system in the Indonesian government. The traditional system, however, could be inconsistent with more modernized and western democratic system, which has been introduced especially in urban areas through the period of Indonesian independence and democratization, known as the Reformation Era. Previous studies have not explained clearly the characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat and examined its association with the concept of modern democratization. In this research, we investigated the real situation of Musyawarah Mufakat in rural areas and explored relevant characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat through qualitative interview and observation on Musyawarah Mufakat in three areas in Java Island (Osing people, Tenggerese people and Kampung Naga people) and literature reviews on Musyawarah Mufakat. We then considered the way to realize a modernized decision making in accordance with the traditional style of decision making; what kind of conflict can occur when the local government ignores Musyawarah Mufakat, how to settle the conflict between democracy and Musyawarah Mufakat, and what decision makers should pay attention when making and implementing policy in Indonesia were discussed.

The limits of hospitality?

While restorative justice is seen as a valuable means for conflict resolution in many kinds of conflict, in the context of domestic violence cases it is still heavily debated. This article posits that the notion of hospitality makes a fruitful contribution to that debate. The urgency of domestic violence against women seems to challenge any hospitable approach between the victim and the offender. However, this article claims that in the light of radical hospitality, restorative justice even in domestic violence cases can become meaningful.

Ubuntu: an approach for identity-based conflicts in the contemporary Africa

ABSTRACT The major objective of this study is to critically examine the relevance of African traditional values and social philosophies, particularly Ubuntu to resolve identity-based conflicts in contemporary Africa. Recently, too many African states are experiencing violent conflicts and entering into destructive wars due to identity-based differences. African countries that had experienced protracted colonial subjugation are currently involving in the struggle to control political power and resources at the expense of others lies at the heart of civil wars, armed insurrections, ethnic conflict, genocide, xenophobia, and inter-state wars. These kinds of conflicts have been growing more after colonization because of two major factors. First, since 1884/5 of the Berlin Conference, European colonizers began to divide Africa and its people on the basis of religious, linguistic, and ethnic identities, and this division finally led the people of Africa into violent competition for political power and scarce resource. Second, since colonialism, African people have been imitating the western or modern way of conflict resolving mechanisms by neglecting their own social philosophies like Ubuntu. To this end, the paper examines the palace of Ubuntu in resolving identity-based conflicts and also in preserving peace in contemporary Africa. The study finally proves the fact that the post-2018 transitional government of Ethiopia brings tangible solutions in resolving identity–based conflicts by applying the philosophy of ‘Ubuntu’. In doing this study, the researcher used an analytical method to strengthen the central argument. So, the study largely relied on secondary sources such as books, scientific journals, online articles, magazines, newspapers, conference proceedings, reports and the like. Moreover, the researcher’s observation on the continued social philosophies of African people and cultural practices was of immense importance.

Levels of conflict over wildlife: Understanding and addressing the right problem

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts are complex and defy simple explanations and solutions. The fields of conflict analysis and peacebuilding offer insights into the intensity, intractability, and possible approaches to addressing different kinds of conflict. Building on these fields, as well as advances in conservation practice, we adapt a framework for human–wildlife conflict that consists of three levels of conflict over wildlife: Level 1 conflicts are disputes over issues such as crop or livestock loss or concerns about safety, yet typically involve relatively high tolerance of the damage‐inducing species. In level 2 conflicts, in addition to visible impact of wildlife, there is a history of unsatisfactory attempts to address these issues, creating underlying resentment, tensions, and a sense of injustice among at least one of the parties. Level 3 conflicts are deep‐rooted and become intertwined with the identities of the parties and community involved, and extend to broader tensions over social identities and clashing values and beliefs. Such conflicts require mediated reconciliation dialogues and conflict transformation approaches. A structured understanding how to address a conflict before it escalates to a deeper level is fundamental for managing conservation challenges as complex and dynamic as conflicts over wildlife.

TikTok Addictions and Its Disorders among Youth of Pakistan

This research addresses the TikTok addictions that are affecting those people who are inspired by TikTok videos and people making those videos. TikTok nowadays creating different kinds of conflicts among both of the genders. I.e. inferiority complex and superiority complex and beauty complex. The philosophy of the study was positivism. It was a deductive approach and the Connivance sampling technique is used in this study. It was quantitative research and data has been collected through surveys. .The adapted questionnaire was used to collect data from 190 university students. Statistical analysis through SPSS was performed to check the hypothesis. This research is highly beneficial to create the awareness among people that they are addicted to something very un-useful so their friends and family taking serious note on it and help them to drive them out of TikTok addiction and psychological make them ensure that it is just app use for entertainment and seek and show your talent.

New Valid Inequalities in Branch-and-Cut-and-Price for Multi-Agent Path Finding

BCP, a state-of-the-art algorithm for optimal Multi-agent Path Finding, uses the branch-and-cut-and-price framework to decompose the problem into (1) a master problem that selects a set of collision-free low-cost paths, (2) a pricing problem that adds lower-cost paths to the master problem, (3) separation problems that resolve various kinds of conflicts in the master problem, and (4) branching rules that split the nodes in the high-level branch-and-bound search tree. This paper focuses on the separation aspects of the decomposition by introducing five new classes of fractional conflicts and valid inequalities that remove these conflicts to tighten the linear programming relaxation in the master problem. Experimental results on 12820 instances across 16 maps indicate that including the five families of inequalities allows BCP to solve an additional 585 instances, optimize the same instances 41% faster, and solve 2068 more instances than CBSH-RM and 157 more than Lazy CBS.

The Anticipated Mosque: The Political Affect of a Planned Building

AbstractThe construction of new, purpose‐built mosques in Europe often stirs a number of controversies. This paper looks at one such project: a new mosque building in Almere, a town near Amsterdam. It focuses on two kinds of controversies: discussions between various kinds of mosque committee members about aesthetic preferences and how they relate to members’ views about Islam in Europe, and neighborhood protests against the new mosque. Although the latter kind of conflicts have attracted some scholarly attention, most of this work treats these conflicts as discursive controversies and gives little attention to the material form. On the other hand, there is a new kind of literature on creativity and architectural design that emphasizes material processes but fails to analyze how these processes are related to larger political issues. By focusing on the temporal aspects of material processes, particularly the attention to form, I seek to merge these two approaches in order to analyze the mosque controversies as at once material and political.

Ближневосточный узел Большого Средиземноморья в контексте элитологического анализа

Геополитические и этнорелигиозные проблемы Ближнего Востока всегда несли в себе угрозу миропорядка и безопасности не только непосредственно странам этого региона, но и Африканского и Средиземноморского региона тоже. Особый интерес представляет роль этнополитических и религиозно-политических элит, которые формировали здесь повестку дня и осуществляли на практике конкретные политические проекты. Именно элиты несут на себе главную нагрузку в управлении политическими процессами и от качества принимаемых ими решений зависят судьбы целых народов.
 В настоящей работе дается анализ современного состояния политических элит государств Ближнего и Среднего Востока с разным уровнем суверенности. Именно качество полноты суверенитета конкретного государства является своего рода барометров в выборе тех или иных стратегий поведения политических элит. В качестве основных черт, присущих большинству правящих элитных групп этого региона, указывается коррупция, культ силы, предпочтение авторитарного стиля управления, а в качестве доминирующей политической культуры выступает традиционализм и консерватизм. Преобладающей в политической психологии эгоизм мешает элитам конструктивно договариваться по насущным проблемам, что создает благоприятные условия для различного рода конфликтов. Налицо усиливающийся хаос, связанный с несоблюдением ранее достигнутых политиками договоренностей. Ситуация ухудшается из-за постоянного вмешательства в региональные дела третьих стран, имеющих здесь свои национальные интересы (США, КНР, ЕС). Однако, окончательное решение остается не за местными элитными сообществами, а за крупными игроками (государственными и негосударственными), которые рассматривают Ближний и Средний Восток как арену своего глобального противоборства.