Kharkiv Region Research Articles

Mammals in Tawny Owl (Strixaluco) pellets from Kharkiv Region, Ukraine.

The Tawny owl (Strixaluco) is a common owl species in Europe, demonstrating generalist diet strategy. Its main prey are small rodents and numerous studies show that the composition of its diet broadly reflects changes in prey species abundance in its habitats. Due to strictly sedentary habits of adult birds and their year-round territoriality, it is possible to locate habitats of their prey with a precision of several hundred metres. Analysis of owl pellets is a traditional method in faunistic studies to provide data on distribution of small mammals, especially cryptic species which are hard to be found using trapping. Here, we present a dataset on mammals found in Tawny owl pellets collected during up to 13-year studies in the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine in three territories. Data from two territories were collected in a systematic way and allowed us to make analysis of seasonal, year-to-year and habitat variability in the Tawny owl diet and local mammal species composition.

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS LEVEL OF THE REGIONS’ INDUSTRIES OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the development of models for assessing the level of investment attractiveness of regional industries. Investments are the most necessary and relevant form of capital investment for countries with a developing economy, because they provide an opportunity to implement large-scale projects, implement new technologies, corporate management models and other modern practical experience, which is especially important for the post-war recovery of Ukraine. However, the investment climate of Ukraine's industrial parks is insufficiently researched. That is why the construction of models is relevant. Analysis enables to form practical conclusions and recommendations that will be useful for objects and the state at the economic and financial levels. For building these models, it is proposed an algorithm, including the following stages: 1) formation of a table of input data; 2) calculation of financial ratios; 3) assignment of points according to the results of the coefficients; 4) forming a general assessment. To calculate the general level of investment attractiveness of industries, the following indicators were chosen: current liquidity ratio, financial independence ratio, equity ratio, profitability of assets, and profitability of equity capital. The results show that the industry "Agriculture, forestry and fisheries" of Kharkiv region has the best rating. The branch of industry, where the functionality of the industrial parks of Ukraine is concentrated, received from 1.15 for the Kyiv region, to 2.5 - for Dnipropetrovsk region. This can be explained by low coefficients of security, financial independence, and current liquidity. To improve the first indicator, it is proposed to attract additional funds from the enterprises’ owners and to optimize the structure of current and non-current assets. For improving the second and the third indicators, it is proposed to attract a third-party investor and to increase equity respectively. The competitive advantages of Ukraine, which increase its investment attractiveness, are determined. They include qualified and completely cheap labor force, national high market potential, favorable geographical location of Ukraine, and access to raw materials. But there are disadvantages, such as the ongoing war with Russia, outdated legal framework, political instability, underdeveloped investment infrastructure, high level of corruption and bureaucracy, economic instability, long duration and inconsistency of economic reforms.

Antibiotic Resistance of Microbiotas of Fishery Enterprises Hydro Ecosystems

The aquatic environment is an integral part of biocenosis that directly affects its condition and safety in terms of epidemiology and epizootology. The study of the aquatic environment for the presence of pathogens and the quantitative characteristics of sanitary-indicative microorganisms is extremely important. The obtained data allow us to assess and predict the risks of infections, and to develop a plan of measures to prevent the spread of certain pathogens. The aim of the work. To analyze the microbial state of the aquatic environment in different hydro ecosystems of fish farms in the Kharkiv region and to assess the presence of microbiological risks to public health. Methods. The research objects were 150 samples of water taken from different hydro ecosystems in the Kharkiv region. Water was taken from closed water supply systems (n=30) and from ponds (n=120), where commercial fish is bred for sale. The presence and number of sanitary-indicative microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria were determined by the bacteriological (cultural) method. Resistances to antibacterial drugs in selected sanitary-indicative microorganisms were determined using the Agar disk-diffusion method. Estimation of the reliability of the difference between the compared indicators was determined using Student’s t-test. Results. The dominant sanitary-indicative microorganisms in the aquatic environment of fish farming were bacteria of the genus Citrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The total bacterial contamination of water bodies ranged from 1.9±0.50×104 to 2.1±1.20×105 CFU in 1 cm3 of water. No pathogenic to humans bacteria have been detected. Isolated sanitary-indicative microorganisms had significant resistance to antibacterial drugs. Resistance to penicillins, sulfonamides, and nitrofurans was the highest (p=0.0001). The percentage of penicillin resistance strains ranged from 81.5% to 87.0%, sulfonamide — from 74.1% to 94.4%, and nitrofuran — from 55.5% to 66.7%. Fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance varied depending on the type of antibacterial substance, but it did not exceed 29.6%. Conclusions. According to the research results for the aquatic environment of fish farms in the Kharkiv region, no pathogenic microorganisms were detected. However, it has been established that sanitary-indicating microorganisms (Citrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp.), which were dominant and had polyresistance to antibacterial drugs, may be risk factors for human health. Thus, the hydro ecosystems of fish farms have favorable conditions for the accumulation of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, the use of antibacterial drugs should be scientifi cally justifi ed and strictly controlled.

Регіональні державні закупівлі легкових автомобілів в Україні

The article analyzes regional public procurement of passenger cars in Ukraine for 2020–2022. Information on the volume of purchases and total expenses of various State authorities, institutions and organizations in different regions of Ukraine for the purchase of passenger cars during the analyzed period is provided. It was found that the largest expenses for the purchase of cars for 2020–2022 carried out healthcare institutions – UAH 4.09 billion, housing and communal services – UAH 510.10 million, law enforcement agencies – UAH 441.70 million, the State administrations – UAH 159.27 million, energy companies – UAH 122.99 million, Ukravtodor - UAH 103.92 million. The limits of passenger cars serving regional State administrations, Kyiv and Sevastopol city administrations, district and city district State administrations of the cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol are analyzed. It is found that the largest number of passenger cars was provided for the city of Kyiv and for Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, Luhansk, Lviv and Odesa regions. Among district State administrations, the largest number of passenger cars falls on Kharkiv, Vinnytsia, Odesa, Kyiv, Poltava and Zhytomyr regions. Among the regions, the largest number of passenger cars was purchased by the State bodies, institutions and organizations in Kyiv – 2259 passenger cars worth UAH 2981.00 million, in Zaporizhzhia region – 271 cars worth UAH 239.74 million, Dnipropetrovsk region – 196 cars worth UAH 106.86 million, Kyiv region – 190 cars worth UAH 116.06 million, Kharkiv region – 186 cars worth UAH 122.79 million. The smallest number of passenger cars purchased on the public expense in 2020–2022 was in Luhansk region – 39 cars worth UAH 29.76 million, Kirovohrad region – 46 cars worth UAH 24.89 million, Cherkasy region – 47 passenger cars worth UAH 28.79 million, Ternopil region – 58 cars worth UAH 74.84 million, Mykolaiv region – 80 cars worth UAH 52.22 million. In further research, it is worth analyzing public procurement of passenger cars over the period of 2016–2019 in dynamics and compare them with the statistic data of 2020–2022

Моделювання рівня соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів на основі proxy-змінних

The article proposes models for assessing the level of socioeconomic development and economic security of regions, on the basis of a synthesis of the proxy variable technique and cluster analysis, which allow to assess changes in interregional differentiation, spatial economic transformations, identify «pivotal» regions, assess the level of economic security of regions under conditions of limited data. The system of proxy-variables of socioeconomic development of regions is substantiated; classifications of regions by the level of socioeconomic development on the basis of methods of hierarchical, agglomerative and iterative cluster analysis have been developed; a dynamic analysis of the structure of clusters is carried out; changes in the characteristics of the distribution of proxy-variables are analyzed; an assessment of interregional differentiation and asymmetry of development is carried out. The results of the carried out cluster analysis based on proxy variables helped to conclude that recent years have led to significant transformations of the economic space in the regional aspect. In the cluster of «pivotal» regions, there is a strengthening of the positions of Dnipropetrovsk and Lviv regions, convergence with regions with an average level of development – Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odesa regions. The most critical situation is typical for Luhansk, Donetsk, and Kherson regions. Donetsk region has moved from a cluster of regions with an average level of development to a cluster of regions with crisis development. The relocation of enterprises and smoothing out the asymmetry in the variable of «Growth of legal entities» currently affects the indicators of budget security of the regions to a lesser extent. Kharkiv region, despite the deterioration of the socioeconomic situation, maintains its position in the cluster of «pivotal» regions. The obtained results can be used in the system of anticipative management of regional development to adapt regional strategies to new realities.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА СКЛАДОВА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ В ОТГ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ ЧИННИК РЕСУРСОЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

The article is devoted to the study of the ecological state of land in Ukraine and the Kharkiv region, as well as the issue of land resource management in the OTG for the purpose of land protection. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, graphic (when studying the state of land resources, organic production), system-analytical, inductive (for summarizing research results, forming conclusions and recommendations). The main problems of the ecological condition of land resources in Ukraine and in the Kharkiv region were identified and investigated. It was established that the level of fertility of the region is sufficient for agricultural production, but there are a number of negative factors: mining of a large part of the territory, soil degradation, exogenous geological processes. A significant negative impact of military operations and minefields on the state of the environment and, in particular, on land resources in the occupied part of the Kharkiv region was revealed. It may take decades to eliminate the adverse factors caused by war. The development of the production of organic products in Ukraine was analyzed. The dynamics of the export of organic products from Ukraine to the EU countries was studied, as well as the volume of sales on the domestic market was analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, it is proposed to stimulate organic production in UTC for the development of the region and filling of the local budget. The management of land resources from the point of view of environmental problems in the context of decentralization of power was studied using the example of the Zmiiv urban territorial community. The plan of environmental measures of the governing body of the Zmiiv city territorial community was studied. A number of preventive measures are proposed for further improvement of the ecological condition of land resources. One way to improve the environmental situation in the Kharkiv region is to involve representatives of local businesses and volunteers in environmental and environmental protection measures. The organization of such events should be carried out by the governing body of the united territorial community.

Деградація земних покривів Харківської області внаслідок воєнних дій

Background. The analysis of trends in land cover changes will allow to detect trends in land cover changes, which will contribute to the understanding of the reasons for changes in natural ecosystems and the development of strategies for their preservation and restoration. The analysis of land cover changes can be useful for assessing the impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on land using, which is important for making decisions about the rational using of natural resources, especially in the post-war period. The purpose of the research is to allow to detect the trends of land cover changes in Kharkiv region as a result of hostilities, using the satellite materials and statistical data from open sources. Methods. For the research, materials from remote sensing of the Earth were utilized, including methods of their processing and visualization. M a t h e m a t i c a l and statistical methods were applied to process statistical information and obtain index images resulting from the processing of satellite images and the generation of thematic raster data. The article conducts an analysis of the main trends in land cover changes in the Kharkiv region, highlighting trends for the most significantly altered land cover types, specifically forests and agricultural lands, for the period 2015-2022. Results. A general trend since 2015 has been the reduction of forested areas and agricultural lands, with a significant decrease in 2022, as a result of military actions and their consequences. Land cover degradation due to military activities is currently a prominent trend, representing the primary tendency in land cover changes. As a result of military actions in the Kharkiv region, all natural resources have suffered: lands from pollution and contamination with various types of waste, atmospheric air from emissions due to explosions and fires, water bodies, forest resources, and fauna from enemy equipment, pollution, and deliberate destruction. Conclusions. For a more detailed study of land cover changes related to military activities, especially regarding the destruction of the humus layer, soil pollution with metal fragments and explosive residues, field research and the use of high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery are necessary.

The Syntax and Semantics of Modelling Exhibition Spaces: A Case Study of the Hryhorii Skovoroda National Literary and Memorial Museum, Ukraine

The aim of this article is to analyse the exhibition semantics of the exposition of the H.S. Skovoroda National Literary and Memorial Museum (Ukraine, Kharkiv region). The authors substantiate the concept of dearchaisation of Skovoroda’s image by means of modelling the syntax and semantics of the exhibition space. According to the authors, exhibition design cannot ignore symbolism, as the principles of cultural consumption of “places of memory” function in the stream of consumption of a work of art. The viewer does not come for the subject, but for emotions and experience. Therefore, design should go beyond the physical properties of objects, subjects, compositions, and so on, and the content of any design should ultimately be the conditions for gaining new experience. The relationship between the material (object) and the imaginary (interpretation) is projected at the intersection of exhibition syntax and semantic modelling.

Інноваційна трансформація поствоєнної економіки регіонів України: перспективи інтеграції освіти, науки та бізнесу

The theoretical-methodological basis for the integration of education, science and production as a basic prerequisite for the innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions of Ukraine is formed, providing for the restoration of manufacturing, infrastructure and residential objects destroyed by the warfare, the formation of modern poles of growth of regional economic complexes and the creation of a favorable living environment (raising social standards and improving the quality of the environment) on innovative principles. Studies have shown that the recovery of the personnel and material-technical potential of educational institutions and scientific institutions, as well as the restoration of the pre-crisis interconnection of these institutions with enterprises of the real sector of the economy, is of paramount importance in developing promising directions for innovative transformation of the post-war economy. Programming of priorities of innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions should be based on the identification of territorial heterogeneity of the level of research and innovation component of the development of regional economic complexes through the calculation of the integral index of innovative transformation of the regional economy, which is determined on the basis of a number of individual indices of scientific research and innovation activity. The results of the calculation of the integral index of innovative transformation of the regional economy in 2017–2020 showed that a relatively high level of development of research and innovation components of the development of regional economic complexes is observed only in the Kharkiv region, where an extensive network of research institutions and educational institutions is concentrated, most of which have actively cooperated and continue to cooperate with industrial enterprises. Studies have shown that in most regions of Ukraine in 2017–2020 there was a relatively low level of development of research and innovation components of territorial socioeconomic systems. It is found that the positioning of the regions of Ukraine in the pre-war period (2017–2020) in terms of the level of development of research and innovation components of regional reproduction should be a prerequisite for differentiation of instruments and methods of innovative transformation of the post-war economy of the regions of Ukraine, which will ensure the restoration of residential, infrastructure and industrial facilities destroyed by the war and create new poles of economic growth on an innovative and technological basis.

ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ: ПРАКТИКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The article deals with the experience of preserving cultural heritage in the armed conflict in Ukraine and international cooperation in this field. The historical reconstruction of the legal protection of cultural heritage is carried out. It is indicated in the article that during the 19th century, international legal bases for the preservation of cultural heritage were actively developed. However, in the 20th century, two world wars brought significant destruction of cultural heritage by all parties of the conflict. And the optimism of the Europeans of the 19th century regarding a civilized attitude to cultural heritage was destroyed, although the work on the creation of international normative documents in the field continued and international organizations were founded that took care of cultural heritage. In the 21st century, the previous trends persist. Such reconstruction can become the context for the Ukrainian situation. To clarify it, the method of situational analysis is used. The situations with the Hryhorii Skovoroda museum in the village of Skovorodinivka in the Kharkiv region and the Ivankiv Local History Museum unfold in time and space and focus the theoretical framework. In the article, the author addresses the problem of the biography of a place, which is relevant in modern social sciences and humanities. Despite objections to anthropomorphization, scholars emphasize the close link of places and human destinies there. Skovorodinivka ceases to be exclusively a place of memory of an outstanding Ukrainian philosopher and becomes evidence of the attitude towards the object of cultural heritage in the current war. The article shows that in Ukraine today, the war is blurring the "battlefield" and military actions are spreading to the territory where the civilian population and cultural heritage sites are located. The striking difference in the attitude towards the cultural heritage of mankind during the military conflicts of the optimistic modern XIX and the postmodernist relativistic XX centuries illustrates the loss of position by modern phenomena. The situation with the Hryhorii Skovoroda museum testifies that today international aid comes for the preservation of the destroyed cultural artifacts. International cooperation is also essential in the issue of digitizing the cultural heritage of Ukraine and creating conditions for its preservation. The article indicates the initiatives of SUCHO (Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online) and the Vasa Museum, Stockholm, on this path

Стан освіти на Харківщині під час Другої світової війни

During the Second World War, Ukraine was one of the 40 countries in the world, on the territory of which full-scale military operations were conducted, and the entire population of Kharkiv oblast, along with other regions, felt the full range of consequences of the darkness of war. The article examines the state of children's education in the Kharkiv region (1941–1943). The materials of the article reflect the tragic fates of the children with typical development and the children with psychophysical disorders, the participation of educational institutions and the level of ensuring the educational process. The publication describes the sequence and priority of evacuation of the population by the temporary authorities. It was found that everything of strategic value that was not taken to safer regions of the country and was destroyed (could reach the enemy). People during the occupation, which did not have the opportunity to evacuate, remained in inhumane conditions, widespread hunger reigned, and people died en masse. Regarding the education during the German occupation in Kharkiv, it is known that there were 20 public schools in the city. The «Prosvita» organization, consisting of pro-Ukrainian intelligents was of great importance for the cultural and educational life of Kharkiv oblast. The «Prosvita» set as its goal the revival of Ukrainian national ideas. The members of the organization were opponents of the Bolshevik regime, some were political prisoners and hoped that with the arrival of representatives of Germany on the territory of Ukraine, a better world would come that would not oppress the development of pro-Ukrainian ideas. Much attention is paid in the article to the analysis of the difficult fate of children with developmental disorders and the institutions in which they were brought up. There is also an overview of the five children's institutions that remained in the city: the V. H. Korolenko boarding school for blind children, the orphanage in Sokolnyky, orphanages No. 1, 2 and 7.

Features of changes in the value of land plots in the conditions of ensuring food security in Ukraine

The paper studies the peculiarities of changes in the value of land resources in the conditions of ensuring food security of Ukraine. It has been established that the land market is recognized as one of the key components of the agricultural sector and plays an integral role in the formation of the country's food security. It was found that the highest prices for arable land and perennial crops are observed in Kyiv region, hayfields and pastures in Kharkiv region, and pastures in Cherkasy region. It was established that as a result of Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, it was not possible to conclude more than 102 thousand agreements on the purchase and sale of agricultural land on a total area of 282 thousand hectares, with a total cost of UAH 11.5 billion. It was found that the highest activity of purchase and sale of agricultural land is observed primarily in the central regions of Ukraine, where the share of agricultural land in circulation exceeds 1%. It was established that the average price for 1 hectare of land in February 2022 was UAH 33,429 per hectare, and according to the results of May 2022, when deals on the land market began to be concluded again, the price was fixed at the level of UAH 37.4 until August 2022 showed positive dynamics, reaching UAH 43.9 thousand, and in September 2023, the average price was UAH 41,316 per hectare. It is established that the value of agricultural land is gradually increasing, where in 2023 the average price reached 35.4 thousand hryvnias per hectare, which is 13.5% higher than in 2022 and almost 22% higher than in 2021. It was found that the highest land prices are observed in Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions. It was established that the market capitalization fell, that is, in December 2021, purchase and sale agreements were concluded for 936 million UAH, in August 2022 - for 74.2 million UAH, and in July 2023, we observe positive dynamics of market recovery - agreements were concluded sales by UAH 596.9 million, in August by UAH 611 million and in September by UAH 636 million.

Characteristics of Lactation Curve and Reproduction in Dairy Cattle

The purpose of the research was to assess changes in the lactation activity of cows and their impact on the level of reproduction, as well as to study their fluctuations with respect to genetic and environmental factors. A sample of 807 cows of various ages was formed for the study. The cows were kept on a commercial farm in Kharkiv region, Ukraine. Data from DairyPlan C21 software were used in the study. It was revealed that the parameters of the Wood lactation curve model were significantly influenced by the calving season, days open, and cow's origin; lactation persistency of cows was more influenced by environmental factors (parity, calving season, days open) than by the sire. In order to improve the level of reproduction in dairy herds, it is advisable to take into account the lactation persistency of cows, since it has negative relationship with days open (r = -0.074). To improve lactation persistency it is necessary to use for insemination of cows semen of sires with high breeding values for this trait.

Beneficial effects of silicon fertilizers on indicators of seed germination, grain yield of barley and soybean and silage corn biomass

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal doses and methods of the application of silicon fertilizer in barley, silage corn, and soybean under the climatic conditions of Ukraine. A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out, as along with statistical and analytic data processing. The small-plot field experiment was conducted on chernozem podzolic soil at the NSC ?Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky? (Kharkiv region, Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). The laboratory experiments were set up in Petri dishes using a preparative form of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%) of potassium silicate for their assessment of the germination indicators of barley and corn seeds. The significant stimulating effect of potassium silicate on the germination capacity and germination energy of barley and corn seeds was shown, and the optimal concentration of the solution for pre-sowing seed treatment was established. A high positive correlation was determined between the amount of SiO2 application and the yield of the studied crops (P < 0.01; R = 0,7479-0,8682). The optimal levels of the pre-sowing application of SiO2 into the soil were established to obtain maximum crop yields on chernozem podzolic soil (105 kg SiO2 ha-1 for barley, 92 kg SiO2ha-1 for silage corn, and 76 kg SiO2ha-1 for soybean). Also, for each of the studied crops, the most optimal methods of the application of silicon fertilizers were determined, which will improve their productivity on chernozem soils.

Marketing research of female internally displaced persons’ needs

The article presents the results of the research conducted by the author in the course of the project «Women leaders of Ternopil – for vulnerable persons resettled as a result of the war», which was initiated by the public organization TMJK «Revival of the Nation» with the financial support of «Vital Voices Global Partnership». It was found that the majority of IDPs are young women under the age of 44 who came mainly from Donetsk and Kharkiv regions after the 24 February 2022 and got temporary housing in the villages of Ternopil region. The vast majority of IDPs are in need of many basic necessities, with almost half of the women and girls interviewed having personal or family members' health-related needs. It was established that the majority of respondents have the status of an IDP, received after 24.02.2022, and have applied to local social protection authorities for issues of receiving social assistance (with the exception of pensions), and among the respondents there was a predominance of women who have 1–2 children under 18 years of age, no have family members in need of care. Regarding housing needs, the majority of respondents stayed in the Ternopil region in order to receive temporary shelter until returning home when it is safe. This is mostly a free stay in places of compact residence of IDPs and housing provided by acquaintances, relatives, and friends. For most of the women and girls interviewed, their current financial situation allows them to buy only basic necessities. The majority of IDPs indicated that the main source of livelihood at the time of the survey is targeted assistance to displaced persons. At the same time, half of the respondents were employed until war beginning but were not working at the time of the survey, mostly due to family responsibilities. It was found that the majority of respondents need psychological help or are hesitant about this issue, while the respondents named housing needs, income level and labor activity, social assistance and services as the most urgent and priority needs for nowadays. The need to intensify the implementation of state documents on gender equality at the regional level has been established. Further research will be devoted to the analysis of the state of implementation of the National Action Plan for the implementation of the recommendations of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

Створення навчальної екскурсії «Подорож до природних та культурних об’єктів міста Барвінкове»

The article examines the history of the development of excursion and local history work in a Ukrainian school, analyzes the classification of school excursions, elaborates organizational and safety requirements for conducting school excursions. The selection of objects and the planning of the route of the school geographical excursion: "Journey to the natural and cultural objects of the city of Barvinkove" on the territory of the city of Barvinkove (Kharkiv region) were carried out.

Study of development prospects of blood service enterprises depending on the type of donation

The blood service is a strategically important branch of the state. The basis of safe blood supply is the popularization of regular (repeated) voluntary free blood donors, because they support the lowest risk of infection. In Ukraine, between 2012 and 2020, the number of donors decreased almost halved, during a war blood needs increased by 30–60%, and blood shortages increased even more. The purpose of the article is to determine and study the prospects for the development of blood service enterprises depending on the type of donation. In countries with a high level of collected blood, the share of regular donors is more than 80%, and paid and family donations are mostly absent. In Ukraine, on average, the share of repeat (regular) donors increased from 7% to 15% during 2012–2020 and remains very low comparing with almost European countries. It was established that there are close inverse relationships between the share of regular donors and the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs (-0.98), between the share of regular donors and the share of donor deferrals (-0.96), and between the share of regular donors and the share of shortages of preserved donor blood (–0.70). There is also a close direct relationship between the share of donor deferrals and the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs (0.94), as well as an average direct relationship between the share of donor deferrals and the share of shortages of preserved donor blood. In the Sumy region, the number of donors increased by 2.5 times, the share of regular donors tripled and reached 74% in 2020, and the number of donations per 1,000 population increased by 6.5 times and reached 61.7. In the Kharkiv region, the number of donors and the number of donations remained at approximately the same level, but the share of regular donors increased by 1.7 times and reached 33.3%. In both regions, during 2012–2020, the share of erythrocyte mass write-offs and shortages of preserved donor blood decreased to the level of less than 1%. The share of donor deferrals also tends to decrease. All this indicates an increase in blood safety. It is estimated that increasing the share of regular donors to 80% at the national level can lead to savings in the amount of UAH 86 million 76.4 thousand during the year. The authors justified the need to develop strategies for converting primary donors into permanent ones.

Industrial development of region in context of globalization and integration processes: case of Kharkiv region of Ukraine

Today, globalization and integration processes in the economy have a significant impact on the industrial development of cities and regions. The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the directions of industry development in the Kharkiv region in the context of integration and globalization processes based on a competitive approach. The article, based on the study of leading scientific publications and content analysis of statistical information, reveals the peculiarities of the development of the region's industry. The research used a set of general and special methods at the empirical and theoretical levels, such as methods of analysis and synthesis to assess trends in the development of the economy of the Kharkiv region, comparison to determine the priorities of the development of industries in the region, systematization and generalization for systematization information, formation of conclusions and scientific proposals of the paper. To identify threats and opportunities, advantages and disadvantages of the industrial development of the Kharkiv region, the method of SWOT analysis was used, due to which the matrix of strategic alternatives for the development of industrial enterprises of the Kharkiv region was proposed. As a result of the study, a methodical approach to justifying the choice of the development strategy of industrial enterprises of the Kharkiv region was formed, which allows obtaining competitive advantages on the market in the conditions of integration changes. The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the prospects for the development of the industry of the Kharkiv region in the conditions of globalization and integration processes, as well as in the justification of strategic directions of development based on the identification of three types of strategies for the development of industrial enterprises in the region. JEL Classification: F15, O18, R11

SPECIFICS AND TRENDS OF COVERAGE OF RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT

Introduction. In times of great upheaval, people feel an urgent need to see a measured and balanced picture of events. It soothes, gives a sense of control over one’s life. In Ukrainian society, there is an increased interest in the topic of religion, because two-thirds of citizens consider themselves believers. Considering such a high percentage of believers in Ukraine, representatives of the mass media sector cannot and should not avoid the topic of religion, especially when it comes to conflict situations. Relevance of the study. Since the war waged by Russia against Ukraine also has a pronounced religious aspect, it is relevant to investigate how the approach of domestic regional media to covering the specified topic changed before and during the large-scale war. Methodology. The research used such methods as content analysis, the comparison method, the systematic approach, and the generalization method. To achieve the results, the content of the publications of the Sumy, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk regions, namely the Internet resources “Panorama”, “Slobidskyi kray”, “Pervaya polosa” and “62.ua” were analyzed. Monitoring was carried out from 01.01.2022 to 06.30.2022. Results. Analysis of the content of online publications of the North-Eastern region revealed that on the eve of a full-scale war, materials on religious topics were mostly informative and entertaining in nature. During a full-scale war, the choice of genres shifted exclusively to news. Journalists did not use new formats that would interest young people, either before or during the war. During the large-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine, the degree of tension in publications on the specified topic increased significantly. Hate speech, emotionalism and irrevocability appeared in the materials. The tonality of the headlines and quotes of the headlines and quotes in the news speaks of the aggravation of the religious conflict between representatives of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. There are cases when journalists use unverified information, which is a direct violation of journalistic standards. There is a noticeable tendency to ignore important religious topics. Conclusions. A promising direction for further research can be a comparative analysis of coverage of religious topics in other regions of Ukraine. It will help to form a general picture of its presentation before and during the full-scale war in Ukraine. Based on the results of these studies, it is possible to formulate basic recommendations for journalists.

The dynamics of hate speech spreading on the telegram-channels of the popular kremlin propagandists

Introduction. Telegram is the most popular social network for consuming news in Ukraine. However, in a full-scale invasion, Kremlin propagandists are trying to use popular digital platforms to promote hostile narratives. Relevance of the study. Monitoring the most popular Telegram channels is an extremely demanding task. It is important to detect the signs of propaganda content, to study the dynamics of its distribution in order to effectively counter the numerous information operations of the enemy. Research objective is to propose a mechanism (computer analysis of texts in the Telegram channels of leading Russian propagandists) for detecting hate speech usage, describe the dynamics of harmful content spread and to define its formal signs. Methodology. Computer analysis is used to search for keywords that indicate the use of hate speech, as well as collocation analysis and semantic analysis. The research material was the most popular telegram channels of leading Russian propagandists: Solovyov, Simonyan, Voenkor Kotenok Z. Results. Analysis of the mentions dynamics shows that the topic of «Nazism / Fascism» has similar bursts of attention for all three propagandists. Before the invasion single mentions were recorded, but in March-April there was a significant increase. At the end of April, when the Russians left Northern Ukraine, the number of mentions dropped significantly. The percentage of keywords remained quite high in the summer, but continued to decrease until the retreat of the Russians from Kharkiv and Kherson regions. Analysis of collocations showed that when highlighting the topic of «Nazism / Fascism», Russian propagandists most often associate it with Ukraine. Conclusions. The study showed that the hate speech towards Ukraine in the Telegram channels of popular Russian propagandists has its own dynamics. The number of posts with hate speech increases or decreases depending on the situation on the front lines. The organized nature of the hate speech spread can be considered as a formal feature of Russian propaganda and to help identify it in further research.