Kharkiv Region Research Articles

Діяльність націоналістичних організацій Харківщини та їх роль у допомозі остарбайтерам

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the national organizations of Kharkiv region in the struggle for independent Ukraine both against the USSR and against Germany during the Second World War and to clarify their role in preventing the export of the Ukrainian Ostarbaiters to Germany. The research methodology is based on the use of the historiographical analysis method, the historical-systemic and problem-chronological method, the method of critical analysis. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the systematization and analysis of materials dedicated to the activities of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region was carried out in order to determine the role of national organizations in helping ostarbaiters. Conclusions. A special role in the development of the nationalist movement in the Kharkiv region during the World War ІІ belongs to the Derivative groups of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Kharkiv residents revived the activities of "Prosvita" and organized the "Kharkov Civic Committee". Their main task was the restoration of the independence of the Ukrainian state and the recognition of its legitimacy by the Soviet and German authorities. In Kharkiv, in order to achieve a similar goal, representatives of nationalist organizations tried to occupy positions in German authorities, especially in particular Kharkiv residents. Among the large number of lands captured by Germany, it was Ukraine that became the source of replenishing the labor force for the benefit of the Third Reich. Nationalist organizations contributed to preventing the deportation of the population of Kharkiv region to work in Germany. The activities in this direction of V. Dolenka and M. Gorban, who tried to solve it through their influence on the members of the "Kharkov Public Committee" and "Prosvita", who worked in the bodies of the occupying German authorities, should be highlighted.

Forest Site and Stand Structure Affecting the Distribution of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Eastern Ukraine

The Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-boring beetle, was first detected in the Luhansk Region of Ukraine in 2019. Subsequently, it rapidly expanded its presence to encompass a significant portion of the Kharkiv region and the parks of Kyiv. Previous research has established that the climatic conditions in Luhansk and its neighboring regions are conducive to the EAB, and the absence of a host plant (Fraxinus sp.) does not act as a deterrent to the pest’s expansion in Ukraine. Recognizing the urgency of identifying infested trees, our current research aimed to identify the most attractive EAB forest subcompartments based on forest site conditions and stand structure. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, we achieved an average performance in predicting the potential distribution of the EAB (AUC = 0.842). The six most impactful variables, contributing to 88.2% of the model, include “age of trees, years”, “area of forest subcompartment, ha”, “mean height of trees, m”, “proportion of Fraxinus excelsior in the stand composition, %”, “hygrotope index (humidity level), point”, and “number of neighboring-non-forest subcompartments”. Most likely, EAB occurrence is expected in the driest forest site conditions; the well-lit and warmed-up parts of stands, in particular; small subcompartments surrounded by non-forest landscapes; and forest shelter belts near roads and fields. However, the data obtained can be considered preliminary. To enhance the accuracy of our forecasting, it may be imperative to consider data on road localization, along which the pest can spread passively, as well as dominant wind speed.

Obtaining morphometric standards of drone wings of separate populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Ukraine

Today, there are no systematic studies on the wing phenotypes of drone populations of the honeybee widespread in Ukraine. Considering that drone genomes are haploid, this allows one to establish the correspondence between the phenotype and the drone genome, thereby roughly determining the queen's genome in the part responsible for the wing phenotype. This partially compensates for the lack of resources among domestic scientists to conduct genetic research on bees. The aim of the study was to examine the wings of drones from several apiaries in the Kharkiv, Sumy, Poltava, and Zhytomyr regions, identify typical phenotypes, and attempt their taxonomic identification. Using discriminant analysis, 4640 drone wings were classified into three clusters. A two-step scheme for forming significantly different phenotype clusters of wings was proposed. Initially, based on the similarity of Euclidean distances and Mahalanobis distances (<2.6) between clusters, three groups were obtained, which, for refinement, underwent a second classification. As a result, average values and confidence intervals of eight morphometric traits were established: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, Ci.2.2 for the three wing groups. It is suggested to accept the trait values of these groups as reference data: one as a local population of the A. m. carnica subspecies, and the other two as regional standards for Ukrainian bees. Based on the obtained standards, a significant presence of A. m. carnica subspecies bees was established in all studied apiaries, except for the apiary with the status of a breeding ground for Ukrainian steppe bees (Kuzemin village, Sumy region), where such presence is minimal. This fact indicates the need for special measures to reproduce and expand the ranges of existence of local populations of Ukrainian steppe bees. The example of creating local and regional morphometric standards provided in this work is specifically designed to address this issue.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN WITH SEN WITH DISTANCE EDUCATION (FROM WORK EXPERIENCE)

The article proves the necessity of ensuring quality education and its accessibility for all segments of the population, for children with special educational needs, in particular. Attention is focused on the organization of psychological assistance, increasing the level of social and psychological support, solving problems that may become obstacles in further adult life, and finding new methods for people with special educational needs during distance education. Examples of the organization of work with students with special educational needs in the Communal Institution "Pokotyliv Lyceum No. 2" of the Kharkiv region are given. The cooperative work of this educational institution with the Information and Resource Center "Without Barriers" of the Scientific and Technical Library of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" was noted. It is emphasized that persons with special educational needs receive high-quality general and professional education is one of the main and integral conditions for their effective socialization, ensuring full participation in society, successful self-realization in various types of professional and social activities.

Changes in the nature of the disease in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus — representatives of the civilian population after a long stay in the combat zone

Background. In modern conditions, an acute problem in medicine is the issue of a negative impact of war on the course of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The most common of them are hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which in most cases occur as a comorbidity. To date, a certain amount of work has been carried out to study the influence of war and chronic wartime stress on the development and progression of hypertension. However, the features of the course of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in case of their combination during a long-term stay of patients in combat zones remain unstudied. The purpose: to study changes in the nature of the disease course in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes — representatives of the civilian population after a long stay in the combat zone of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. Materials and methods. Sixty-five patients (civilians) with hypertension and type 2 diabetes (30 men, 35 women) aged from 47 to 64 years were examined. All of them were examined before the start of the war and 4–5 months after staying in the combat zone. Results. In hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes after their stay in a combat zone, hypertension became more severe (in 89 % of cases, it was uncontrolled, the frequency of hypertensive crisis and resistant hypertension increased significantly). In addition, a significant increase in the frequency of decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism was detected. The examined patients showed a progression of lipid metabolism disorders and the development of new cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusions. There was a pronounced negative impact of long-term stay of patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in a combat zone on the course of both hypertension and diabetes, which was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Manifestations of cruel, inhuman types of behavior and torture of Ukrainian military who died in captivity

The given information and forensic medical characteristics of injuries found on the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers who were in Russian captivity and died as a result of cruel, inhuman treatment and torture in 2022–2023. According to their nature and morphological features, the damage could be the result of high temperature action using hot metal objects, but more likely, the result of the use of electric current conductors (bare end of the wire). In other cases, after the exhumation of the occupied territory of the Kharkiv region, the manifestations of torture were brain injuries and fractures of the bones of the body caused by blunt hard objects with a limited surface. All the injuries described by us correspond both to the list of physical evidence of torture of the “Istanbul Protocol” and to the list of war crimes of the “Rome Statute”.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УВІЧНЕННЯ ПАМ’ЯТІ ЖЕРТВ НАЦИСТСЬКОГО ТЕРОРУ НА ХАРКІВЩИНІ У ВОЄННИЙ ТА ПОВОЄННИЙ ЧАС

The aim of the work. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of commemorative initiatives and building of monuments connected with the commemoration of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region. The article explains the specifics of honoring the memory of different groups of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region in wartime and in the post-war period. The methodological base consists of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systematic approach) along with special historical ones (historical-comparative, historical-systematic). The principles of scientificity, objectivity, and historicism are also applied. The scientific novelty of the research is defined by the fact that the author conducted for the first time a comprehensive study of commemorative initiatives of victims of Nazi terror on the territory of the Kharkiv region. Conclusions. During 1941–1945, the Kharkiv region was controlled by the German Military Administration. The German occupation regime established in the Kharkiv region led to numerous deaths among civilians and prisoners of war. The people's initiative served as the first step in commemorating the victims of war. Further, the state assumed control over the building of monuments. Works of monumental art became the instruments for the distribution of Soviet myths about «The Great Patriotic War». The official Soviet ceremonial model of commemoration was characterized by an intrusive cult of internationalism, heroism, Soviet patriotism, and self-sacrifice. The authorities stayed indifferent to people, keeping no record of victims and depersonalizing the dead. Due to the fatal defeats of the Red Army, the Kharkiv region lost about half a million citizens, but it wasn't highly ranked in the national narrative about the war. The state demonstrated discriminatory methods for commemoration of certain categories of the dead. Some of them were represented in the memorial space, and others were deprived of their rights. First of all, this concerned victims of mass terror – Jews, orphans, and prisoners of war. Only with the collapse of the communist regime and the independence of Ukraine these categories of victims of Nazi terror got the opportunity to convey their own vision of war to the general public.

Assessment of the impact of business environment indicators on the functioning of IT-clusters in Ukraine

The article examines the impact of the business environment on the functioning of IT clusters in Ukraine. The analysis of literature sources has shown that the functioning of the cluster in the region remains ambiguous and may depend on various factors, including: the sector in which the business operates, the region, the resources used, and other factors. Since scientific studies do not have a clearly defined relationship between the indicators that assess the business environment and the number of IT companies operating in the regions, the article aims to assess the dependence of the impact of business environment indicators on the concentration of IT companies in the regions of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following scientific tasks have been identified: to conduct a statistical analysis of the landscape of the IT sector of Ukraine, to statistically analyze the indicators characterizing the regional business environment, to assess the relationship between the concentration of IT companies in the region and the level of the regional business environment. To solve these tasks, we used cluster analysis and correlation analysis. As a result, four «strong» IT clusters were identified Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, and Dnipro regions. A cluster analysis was conducted to assess the business environment. The object of the cluster analysis is the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine into 24 regions. The initial data are statistical data for 2021. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the regions were divided into 3 clusters. Kyiv region forms a separate cluster with the most active business environment, the second cluster includes four regions where the business environment is developing quite actively: Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa regions. The calculation of the correlation coefficient showed that there is a correlation between the indicators of social infrastructure development, the number of students enrolled in higher education institutions, and the concentration of IT companies in the region. However, the indicator of the economic performance of a business, which we evaluated through the gross regional product, does not have a significant impact on the concentration of IT companies.

АНАЛІЗ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДНІПРОПЕТРОВЩИНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ ПРИФРОНТОВИХ РЕГІОНІВ

Although the frontline regions of eastern and northern Ukraine had significant tourism potential, tourism in these areas has not developed sufficiently, not because of a lack of resources, but because of its underestimation and incorrect positioning. The war, on the one hand, caused significant damage to the natural resources and cultural and historical monuments of these regions, and on the other hand, it drew the attention of not only Ukrainians but also the whole world to these territories. In the future, these regions may become a springboard for the reconstruction of the territory and the development of tourism activities in accordance with all European canons and standards. The article presents the results of a Ukrainian-Estonian research project aimed at studying the development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism businesses in the context of war and identifying their strategies for the future. The survey was conducted in Dnipro, Sumy, Kharkiv regions and government-controlled frontline communities in Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk regions. This study focuses on comparing the peculiarities of tourism development in the frontline regions and separately in the Dnipro region both in the pre-war period and the period of active military confrontation. The focus is on the main types of tourism that were in demand before the war and those that are expected to be most in demand in the future. The author analyses the changes that occurred in tourism activities since the outbreak of the war and the problems that had to be faced in organising tourism activities after its beginning. Threats, problems, opportunities and prospects for the development of tourism in the post-war period are identified.

ПРОСТОРОВО ЧАСОВЕ РОЗПОВСЮДЖЕННЯ МАСОВИХ ВІДКЛАДІВ МОКРОГО СНІГУ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ ПРОТЯГОМ 1991-2020 рр. ПО ОКРЕМИХ ДЕСЯТИРІЧЧЯХ

The presented article is dedicated to the study of the spatio-temporal distribution of mass deposits of wet snow on the territory of Ukraine during certain decades of the period 1991-2020. The case of mass distribution of wet snow deposits is considered to be the case when such deposits were observed in 1 day at at least 10 stations located on territories of at least 2 regions. Each of the three ten-year periods was analyzed, taking into account all the studied months regarding the features of the distribution of mass deposits of wet snow separately, and the features of the distribution of such cases on the territory of Ukraine were clarified. For the first decade of 1991-2000, it was established that for the winter months and at the end of autumn, such deposits, in cases of their mass distribution, are mostly observed in the territory of the northern and northeastern regions (Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv), as well as in the central regions ( Cherkasy, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk). In the south, at this time, they are mostly observed in Odesa, Kherson and Autonomous Republic of Crimea. In March, they are mostly found in the northeast (Kharkiv region), the center (Poltav region, Cherkasy region) and the south (Zaporizhia, Kherson region, Autonomous Republic of Crimea). In April, such deposits with their massive distribution are mostly observed in Volyn and Zhytomyr Oblast. In 2001-2010, with an increase in the number of cases of mass spreading of wet snow deposits, their territorial distribution underwent changes. In winter and at the end of autumn, Kyiv region joins the regions of the northeast where increased recurrence is observed. Among the central regions, Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions also had the highest recurrence rate. In March and April, such deposits are mostly observed in the north, northeast (Kyiv Oblast, Chernihiv Oblast, Sumy Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast), the center (mostly Cherkasy Oblast), as well as in the south (Zaporizhia, Autonomous Republic of Crimea). In April, the frequency of such cases increases in Odesa and Crimea. In 2011-2020, during the cold period of the year, the situation is similar to the previous decade. In March, the frequency of such deposits increased in Khmelnytskyi and Poltava regions.

Сучасні проблеми фінансової стійкості територій у контексті збалансованого розвитку

The problem of ensuring the financial sustainability of territories is relevant in conditions of economic instability. Balanced development of territories involves the efficient use of financial resources, support for entrepreneurial activity, and stability of local budgets. This article examines the contemporary problems of financial sustainability of territories and provides recommendations for their balanced development. The aim of the article is to identify problems of financial sustainability of territories and develop recommendations for their balanced development. The study analyzes the factors influencing the financial sustainability of the territories and identifies mechanisms for increasing the financial stability of the regions. The pivotal factor is the development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), which create jobs and foster economic growth. Support for SMEs includes access to finance, administrative support and skills development for entrepreneurs. The provision of credit guarantees, the development of microfinancing and the support of venture capital can increase the financial sustainability of SMEs. Simplification of business registration procedures, reduction of regulatory barriers and transparency of the tax system contribute to the development of entrepreneurial activity. It is noted that from 2021 to 2023 the number of enterprises in the Kharkiv region fluctuated due to hostilities. This has had a significant impact on economic activity and the business climate in the region. The analysis of the number of individual entrepreneurs also reflects negative trends. Many entrepreneurs were forced to close their businesses or relocate them to other regions. The hostilities have had a significant negative impact on the economic situation in the Kharkiv region, which affects the overall financial sustainability of the region. This highlights the need to support businesses to recover financial sustainability. The continuation of financial programs to support SMEs will help strengthen the financial sustainability of the region.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article examines the role of state regulation in the development of rural areas. It is determined that the balance of rural development depends on many factors and requires the application of many conceptual approaches to determining the directions of formation of a comfortable living environment for the populationEnsuring the successful implementation of the developed methods of supporting the development of rural areas of Ukraine relies on the legislative framework and the formation of the necessary resources. The specifics of the concept of sustainable rural development in Ukraine are as follows focusing primarily on the development of the agricultural sector. In addition, it is important to assess the problems and opportunities for rural development from the standpoint of agro-landscape, natural and geographical, organizational, economic, social and ethnic support of the object and to determine the specifics of all types of activities in this area. The formation of the instrumentarium of the state policy of sustainable development of rural areas for the period before the war in the Kharkiv region was based on the national concept of economic development of Ukraine. The war, which has been going on in Ukraine since February 2022, has made significant changes to the formation of the regional development strategy, as the implementation of its pre-war provisions is becoming impossible. In accordance with the martial law, the regulatory framework reflected in the regulatory documents that adjust the state strategy for the development of rural areas. State regulation in such conditions requires a more flexible approach to solving multilevel tasks of protection, restoration and search for opportunities for the country's development in the future. It is noted that in the current conditions of warfare on the territory of Ukraine, it is very important to substantiate and use various approaches to ensure the preservation and further creation of conditions for sustainable development of rural areas. Solving this problem will be one of the main areas of state support and implementation of targeted state programs and strategies aimed at developing the infrastructure of rural areas of Ukraine with a view to reviving the national economy.

SACRED HERITAGE OF UKRAINE: CLASSIFICATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of the study is to conduct a spatial analysis of the sacred heritage of Ukraine. The following research methods were used in the work: structural-logical generalization and systemic analysis, which are used to study and generalize the types and variatons of sacred heritage, build a classification scheme, formulate the concepts sacred heritage, landscape-sacred monument of nature; statistical (standardization to the average value) for processing quantitative indicators collected as a result of the study; cartographical for visualization of the completed comprehensive assessment of the sacred cultural heritage of Ukraine; comparative-geographical for comparing the potential of sacred and cultural heritage of the regions of Ukraine. In the presented classification scheme, the sacral heritage of Ukraine is divided into cultural and natural, distinguishing types and species within these components. In the cultural component of sacred heritage, types (buildings, complexes, landmarks) and types (architecture and urban planning, history, monumental art, archeology) are highlighted. The natural component of heritage also includes types (springs, stone and rock objects, caves, burial sites with rare vegetation and plantations) and types (geological, hydrological, botanical, complex). A comprehensive assessment of the sacred cultural heritage of Ukraine was carried out and interpreted in the corresponding map. The highest value (5.34-2.01) of the standardized indicator of the number of sacred monuments is recorded in Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Kherson, and Kharkiv regions; in most regions of Ukraine, this indicator does not exceed 1. Examples of types and types of sacred natural heritage of Ukraine are given and their spatial location is substantiated. The novelty of the study consists in the author’s interpretation of the natural component of the classification scheme of the sacred heritage of Ukraine, the formulation of the interpretation of the term landscape-sacred monument of nature and the justification of the feasibility of its introduction to the types of natural monuments at the legislative level, conducting a comprehensive assessment of the sacred cultural heritage of Ukraine.

АНАЛІЗ ТА ВПЛИВ РОСІЙСЬКОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ НА РОЗВИТОК РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

In order to study modern trends and research practices in the development of the recreational potential of the regions of Ukraine, a review of the literature and the experience of many countries of the world on this issue was conducted, which shows that tourism is not only a source of public health, but also a source of income and makes a significant contribution to ensure the stable development of the country's regions. The work provides an analysis of the existing recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine, the territory of Ukraine has a favorable economic and geographic location, has favorable climatic conditions, has access to the Black and Azov seas, where navigation is carried out almost all year round, neighbors are developed countries, which contributes to the development of the recreational potential of the tourist industry. The Western Black Sea region of Ukraine (Odesa region, Mykolaiv region), the Carpathian region, the Dnipro region (Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions) were analyzed; Podilsky tourist district (Vinnytsia, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi regions); North-East tourist region (Kharkiv, Poltava and Sumy regions), Capital region (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv regions) and Central region (Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions). The study provided a description of the recreational potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine. The article examines the consequences of attacks by the Russian invaders, which significantly damaged the recreational facilities of Ukraine, namely: history, culture, nature, which becomes a threat to the development of the balanced potential of the country's recreational potential. The damage caused by the destruction or destruction of the Ukrainian cultural heritage by the Russian invaders, the number of cultural heritage objects destroyed by the Russian invaders in the regions of Ukraine was analyzed. The recreational potential of the tourist industry of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine was studied. Revenues to the state budget from the tourism industry of Ukraine for the first three months of 2021–2023, revenue to the state budget for KVED in the tourism industry, and tax revenues from representatives of the tourism industry by regions of Ukraine for 10 months of 2021–2023 were analyzed.

Чинники впливу на соціально-економічний розвиток регіонів (територій) України в умовах загроз і подолання наслідків військової агресії

The European choice of Ukraine’s development has a direct impact on the formation of its regional policy, which is based on the implementation of democratic principles, positive experience of the EU countries, mutual convergence of legislative provisions, contributes to the rapid adaptation of the country’s regions to European rules in integration into the European Union. Understanding the impact of internal and external factors on the socioeconomic development of regions (territories, communities, cities, etc.) directly affects the efficiency of the entire public administration system at all levels, the organization and interaction of territorial authorities, the business environment, the public in order to create a safe living space, the ability to fulfill the assigned powers and responsibilities, to ensure a high level of quality of life for citizens, sustainable development of the country and its territory, etc. It is relevant in modern conditions to search for efficient theoretical and methodological approaches and recommendations for the analysis, identification and generalization of various factors influencing regional development for the purpose of their further use in the system of public administration at various levels, in particular in the context of overcoming the consequences of military aggression in the post-war period in Ukraine. The objectives of the article are aimed at analyzing the internal and external factors influencing the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine; generalization and grouping of such factors, taking into account their importance, direct positive and negative impact on the functioning of any territory, ensuring a safe living environment, etc. The used example of the Kharkiv region, which, due to its border location with the russian federation, constantly remains in the zone of negative influence from the proximity to the territory of hostilities and their consequences, proves the relevance of the study of the influence of external and internal factors on socioeconomic regional development from the standpoint of taking into account individual territorial characteristics, which makes it expedient to use the results obtained in the process of further developments of scientific and practical materials on the reconstruction of the country and its regions.

Robert August Kunytskyi (1880-1914): talented veterinarian and founder of theoretical zootechnics.

The pages of the proposed article highlight the unusual fate of Robert August Kunytskyi’s (1888-1914). He was a well-known veterinarian, a graduate and an employee of the Kharkiv Veterinary Institute, a zootechnical scientist, a patriot of the Motherland and a hero of the Polish Legions. This study is valuable both for the history of Polish veterinary medicine and for the history of zootechnical science. It is based on archival sources that were unknown in Poland at that time and were stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Kharkiv Region. Articles from the Kharkiv press of that time that tell about his stay and professional activities in the city, are valuable for supplementing the scientist’s biography. The authors drew attention to the important role that Ukraine played in Robert Kunytskyi’s life. Kharkiv city was a place of study and later of his work at the Veterinary Institute. It is emphasized that in the Kharkiv period Kunitsky showed himself as a scientist who was engaged in animal husbandry. He initiated the reform of veterinary education, made efforts to include zootechnical disciplines in the curricula of veterinary students as well.

Техніко-економічна оцінка різних способів газифікації бурого вугілля для виробництва синтетичного моторного палива

The aim of the article is to assess the feasibility of organizing the production of synthesis gas from brown coal, the reserves of which in Ukraine are sufficient. As a raw material base, the article considers the coal of the Novo-Dmytrivske deposit, which is located on the territory of the Kharkiv region. The balance reserves of brown coal in categories A + B amount to 284.4 million tons and in category C1 – to 95.6 million tons, that is, a total of 380 million tons. The average technical analysis data for the deposit are as follows: moisture per working weight is 51.2%; ash content per dry weight is 19.4%; the total sulfur content is 2.45%. The elemental composition of the coal of this deposit is characterized by the following data: carbon – 68.0%, hydrogen – 6.0%, oxygen – 23.0%, sulfur, nitrogen and other elements – 3.0%. To achieve the goal, the properties of coal of this deposit have been examined and the following technologies of coal gasification have been analyzed: Lurgi process (counter-current steam-oxygen gasification of coarse coal (or briquettes) in a stationary bed); Prenflo process (direct-flow steam-oxygen gasification in a pulverized coal stream); Texaco process (direct-flow oxygen gasification in a coal-water pulp stream). For each of these processes, material balances have been developed; the quality of gas synthesis, the possibility of organizing the production of the necessary energy resources, the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, and the main technical and economic indicators have been evaluated. The calculations were made for an enterprise with a coal capacity of 9 million tons of actual weight per year. Based on the calculations made, the Lurgi process is recommended for industrial implementation. The advantages of this process are: the lowest temperature and pressure of the gasification process; a wider range of products obtained during gasification; almost optimal syngas composition in terms of H2 : CO ratio; the lowest emissions of carbon dioxide generated during coal gasification and preparation of synthesis gas for further use; the lowest production cost of prepared synthesis gas; the lowest specific capital investments (per 1 thousand m3 of prepared synthesis gas). The inexpediency of using the Texaco process for the gasification of brown coal is substantiated, as well as the directions for improving the Prenflo process for its further use in the gasification of brown coal of the Novo-Dmytrivske deposit are determined.

Михайло Дияконів — зоолог, колектор і дослідник ссавців Харківщини

A brief essay about the researcher Mykhailo Dyiakoniv, who graduated from Kharkiv University in 1916 and developed research activity in the Kharkiv region. The most likely centre of his natural history activity was the team of Vsevolod Averin and the group of hunters and game experts that united around him. The collection of NMNH (Kyiv) preserves only six specimens collected by M. Dyiakoniv in the Kharkiv region, which were brought to Kyiv in the 1930s (obviously, the collection was much larger, but was lost). No publications by this researcher were found.

Віктор Дребенців — дослідник фауни, колектор, музеолог, краєзнавець

A researcher from Kharkiv, who actively worked in the field of agricultural zoology and plant protection. As a heritage of this activity, the NMNH of Ukraine has stored specimens of Ellobius, Microtus, Spermophilus, and Mustela collected by him in the Kherson and Kharkiv regions (extreme dates 20.05.1930 and 17.10.1932). During the period of communist repression, he moved to Murmansk with his family, where he worked at the Polar Institute and later at the Murmansk Regional Museum of Local History. There he was recognised as a museum developer and author of surveys of the region’s fauna, and received state awards for his fruitful work.

CULTURAL AND EDUCATION TOURISM IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF THE RESOURCE BASE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Objective. The article is aimed at analyzing the current state of the resource base, identifying the main trends and prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Ukraine. Methods. To achieve the objective, the following methods are applied: theoretical generalisation (to study approaches to defining the concept of cultural and educational tourism), statistical (to process statistical information), analysis (to study the current state of the resource base, trends and features of the development of cultural and educational tourism), abstract-theoretical (to summarise and draw conclusions) and modelling (to identify promising areas for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Ukraine). Results. As a result of the study of approaches to defining the concept of "cultural and educational tourism", it is established that the latter should be understood as travel, the main purpose of which is to familiarise tourists with historical, cultural and natural objects and resources in order to meet educational and aesthetic needs. The structure, current state of the resource base of cultural and educational tourism and features of its spatial location are analysed. The imbalance between the location and saturation of cultural and historical objects between different regions of Ukraine is revealed, in favour of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa and Poltava regions and the Carpathian region. The article analyses the loss of cultural and educational resources from the Russian-Ukrainian war and identifies the main trends in the current development of cultural and educational tourism. As a result of the analysis, the main directions of development of cultural and educational tourism in wartime and post-war conditions are identified and substantiated, in particular, the following: development of militarised areas of cultural and educational tourism, extension of modern travel trends to cultural and educational tourism, introduction of the promising Slow Cities tourist movement in cities, shifting the emphasis to the creativity of forms of cultural and educational tourism and expanding the use of innovative technologies in promoting tourist attractions and exchanging information with consumers of tourist services.