Key Areas Of Activity Research Articles

Legal Nature of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR under the Constitution of the USSR of 1924

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the role and status of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (CEC of the USSR) in the context of the dynamic constitutional, legal and institutional development of the Soviet Union. The author provides the reader with a deep dive into the essence of the CEC of the USSR, providing a brief but meaningful historiographical description of the collective body of state power. The main attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the status of the CEC of the USSR before and after the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR in 1924, to identify and highlight key differences in its structure and functioning due to innovations introduced with the adoption of this legislative act. The paper examines the key areas of activity of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR in detail both in the period before the adoption of the Constitution (1922–1925) and in the post‑constitutional period (1925–1938), forming a categorical layer of the problematic issue. The paper highlights and explains the stable position of the CEC of the USSR in the political sphere of the USSR and gives a brief assessment of its activities and development. The paper is of interest to researchers of the history and law of the Soviet period and is an important contribution to understanding the organizational and regulatory aspects of the functioning of the CEC of the USSR in the broad context of constitutional construction in the first decades of Soviet history. The main emphasis is placed on the formation of a comprehensive framework for the perception of the CEC of the USSR as a body that is simultaneously characterized by isolation in the system of state bodies of Soviet power and close connection with other such bodies. Such an emphasis allows the reader to form a wide categorical and conceptual spectrum of opinions & sententiae on the problem of defining and analyzing the legal nature of the CEC of the USSR, which is important for Russian historiography.

Selection of initiatives to improve the management of patients with hereditary angioedema by the hospital pharmacy using the nominal group technique

ObjectiveTo identify and promote hospital pharmacy initiatives to improve the management of patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) within the Spanish healthcare system.MethodA panel of experts comprising hospital pharmacists, an allergist...

Трансформація організаційної структури управління інноваційною діяльністю на підприємствах залізничного транспорту

The article determined that the reform of railway transport enterprises led to a violation of the structural integrity of the management system of innovative activity in the industry and a narrowing of the innovative potential of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia», limiting its ability to maintain a sufficient level of innovative activity. It was established that even despite the reform and restructuring of the innovation management system, the functions of units responsible for producing innovations for the needs of industry enterprises remained extremely limited and were not focused on the implementation of modern tools and mechanisms for supporting innovative growth processes. It was determined that in the conditions of digitalization, the main key to the implementation of effective innovative activity is the company's ability to recognize strategically important information for its innovative growth, which will form the basis of the idea for future innovation. On this basis, the expediency is substantiated and the content, advantages, disadvantages and stages of implementation of technological scouting as a modern tool for supporting the innovative activity of companies are revealed. An approach to the transformation of the organizational structure of management of innovative activities at railway transport enterprises has been developed, which is based on the possibilities of technological scouting in increasing the innovative potential of enterprises of the industry and involves the creation of an innovation scouting center. The structure and functions of the innovation scouting center at railway transport enterprises are revealed, the key ones of which are highlighted as innovation intelligence and systematization of innovation data, formation of the innovation landscape, monitoring and forecasting of innovation changes, regulatory analysis, competitive intelligence and market research. The key areas of activity of the innovation scouting center at railway transport enterprises are characterized.

Исследование особенностей использования рекламного инструмента «Продвижение в поиске» на площадке Wildberries

This article explores the current dynamics among entrepreneurs on the rapidly growing Wildberries market-place. The main emphasis is placed on the strategies that sellers choose to maximize sales and ensure that their goods are viewed by a wide audience of users. It is emphasized that self-purchase tactics used to be widespread. However, the Wildberries platform-imposed sanctions against it, which forced entrepreneurs to focus on internal advertising. One of the key areas of focus has been the study of various advertising tools, es-pecially centered on search engine promotion. One of the key areas of activity was the study of various adver-tising tools, especially those focused on promotion in search engines. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that maximize the frequency of product card views by users. The results of launching advertising campaigns, collection and analysis of data on the delivery time of goods from different positions, comparative analysis of cost per thousand views (CPM) in different regions, collection of statistics on views, clicks, click-through rate (CTR), cost per click (CPC) were analyzed. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the indexing of ads when working with it depends on a number of factors: the availability of the product, compliance with the maximum delivery time, attribution to the priority category and optimized consideration of key search phrases.

The Legal Nature of the Institution of the Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial Services

Relevance. In 2018, the Institute of the Commissioner for Consumer Rights of Financial Services was established in the Russian Federation. The number of financial services provided to consumers is undoubtedly growing, and the number of cases of violation of citizens' rights by financial market organizations is also increasing. The Financial Commissioner is established to protect the rights of consumers, he considers disputes between consumers of financial services and financial organizations. The importance of the institution of the Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial services is increasing, which can be seen in the increase in the number of incoming appeals. However, studies of the legal nature of the institute have not been adequately reflected in legal science, which determines the relevance of this research topic.The purpose is to determine the legal nature of the institution of the Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial Services in the Russian Federation.Objectives: based on the analysis of the regulatory legal framework and scientific literature to determine the main activities of the Institute of financial Ombudsman to establish the essence of its legal nature.Methodology. In the course of the work, the methods of theoretical research (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, mental modeling), as well as the statistical method were used.Results. In the course of the study, the author proposed an understanding of the legal nature of the institution of the financial commissioner as a complex legal phenomenon, including human rights and quasi-judicial legal components.Conclusions. According to the results of the study, conclusions are drawn that the key areas of activity of the Institute of Financial Commissioner are the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services and dispute resolution. The Commissioner for the Rights of Consumers of Financial Services is a human rights body that embodies the guarantee of the state for the protection and observance of the rights and interests of consumers by financial organizations. The Financial Commissioner acts as a judge in the dispute, upon the outcome of the consideration of the case, makes a binding decision aimed at resolving the dispute, restoring justice and based on regulatory legal acts.

The Russian Orthodox Church in the system of socio-political interaction during the Great Patriotic War (using the example of the Penza region)

The transformation of the practices of state-confessional interaction during the Great Patriotic War is considered on an analysis of the office documentation of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. The research methodology is based on the concept of social constructionism or the theory of constructing social reality, as well as new local history, which allows to study the factors and mechanisms of adaptation of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to the new geopolitical situation and the tasks of socio-political integration on the scale of a specific region – the Penza region. The content and regional specifics of the activities of the Commissioner for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church are revealed. The key areas of activity are: consideration of petitions of believers to open churches and participation of the priesthood in mobilization activities of the authorities. Despite many years of atheistic policies, persecution and repression of the clergy, the population of the Penza region demonstrated the strength of the religious foundation of regional identity. This was more significant compared with ideological constructs imposed from the outside. During the Great Patriotic War, relations between believers and authorities were built in the direction from the suppression of religious life to the very effective inclusion of parish communities in solving national problems. Appeals from believers to open churches became increasingly widespread and persistent. Under the influence of growing religiosity and divinely sanctioned changes in the legal status of the Russian Orthodox Church, local authorities adopted new rules of the game. Governance practices are also gradually changing, and a constructive dialogue is being built in the triad: the commissioner as a representative of the state – the diocesan administration – the parish communities.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ВНУТРЕННЕГО БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ БЕРЕЖЛИВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

Effective management of a manufacturing company is largely determined by the state of the existing accounting system and internal accounting control, characterized by the conditions of the enterprise’s functioning, key areas of activity and strategic goals. This study aims to shed light on some of the features of internal accounting controls, guiding organizations to adopt lean accounting in its entirety and unleash its transformative potential in today’s dynamic business environment. The article discusses the processes in which it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in transactions in the early stages of lean manufacturing – the process of working with accounts payable and payable, as well as the process of closing the general ledger. It is concluded that the success of lean transformation depends on its application throughout the organization, while a prominent role is given to accounting, which determines the decisive transition to lean thinking of the enterprise.

Российский бизнес в условиях роста киберпреступности: изменения экономического поведения и защитные механизмы

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of new vectors of cybercrime development, their localization and prevention. The analysis of secondary data, questionnaires, and expert assessment are used as research methods for this problem. The statistics of cybercrime in foreign countries and Russia in recent years have been analyzed. It is found out how the domestic business has changed its attitude to the security of information and information systems of the company. The sectoral landscape of cybercrimes in the Russian Federation for 2023 is presented. New vectors of phishing development are considered in detail and the main resources forged by hackers during phishing attacks are identified. Special attention is paid to phishing by the method of distribution, which today poses the greatest danger to Russian companies. Spoofing has been studied as a new type of cyberattack, where masquerading as a legal object (computer, device or network) is used by hackers as a means of penetrating other computer networks. The characteristics of modern types of spoofing and the negative consequences for business that they lead to are given. The measures taken at the state level to counter new vectors of cybercrime development are indicated. The conclusion is substantiated that state support and information protection measures themselves eliminate the consequences rather than the causes of high cybercrime, which is why the security problem cannot be solved without the participation of domestic business and the population of the country. The consolidated participation of Russian business in the fight against cybercrime is noted, which found its concrete embodiment in the creation of the F.C.C.T. joint-stock company. The key areas of activity of this company in the information technology market and the results of its work in 2023 are highlighted. Attention is focused on the fact that the creation of a joint-stock company F.C.C.T. in the country does not fully solve the problem of ensuring information security, which primarily concerns small and medium-sized business structures. It is stated that many of them, especially in the Russian regions, are not ready to purchase information security services not only financially, but also organizationally. Due to the low demand of entrepreneurs for vulnerability search services in the company’s software, web applications and IT infrastructure, it is proposed to build a typical SOC that meets the most minimal standards for combating cybercrime. An algorithm has been developed to achieve them in the form of step-by-step implementation of simple organizational and methodological recommendations for the prevention of cybercrimes and minimizing their consequences for small and medium-sized businesses.

The integration movement by a central stimulation team or integrator: 8 success factors from Leuven Cares (Zorgzaam Leuven)

The “Leuven Cares” (Zorgzaam Leuven) project started in 2018 as a government supported change management project, focusing chronic care integration. It covers and uses the officially defined primary care zone of Leuven (102.000 inhabitants). The project Zorgzaam Leuven is created thanks to the funding of the federal government Integreo.be, and the contribution of 60 local organizations in Leuven.
 As a basic methodology Leuven Cares opts for an ‘integrator’, i.e. a centrally stimulated integration movement amongst all professional caregivers and their local organizations, using the principles of integrated care and a population health approach. The central integrator functions as a back office.
 A broad array of actions were needed to develop this centrally stimulated integration movement, initially by co-creation and cooperation with a broad field of existing initiatives. All initiatives were brought in line and actively supported by a new central integrator team, that focused on multiple key activity areas.
 We have gained insights into the success factors that have led to the “integration movement by central stimulation” (in random order):
 1.The integrator structure functions as a back office to permanently catalyze the transition towards integrated care.
 2.The integrator is defined as the involvement of up to 40 liaison persons working within the 60 collaborating organizations, and a small central support team. The structure of the support team is lean, effective and stays integrated with all partner organizations through the close cooperation with 40 liaison persons.
 3.The integrator facilitates a co-creation attitude in all aspects of the project. Up to 60% of the professionals are voluntarily united in primary care neighborhood teams.
 4.The integrator works in line with a shared plan for the region with the focus on population health and provides regular updates based on continuous evaluation of care interventions.
 5.Involvement of patients and informal caregivers is a basic principle in care planning and caring neighborhoods.
 6.The integrator provides nudge-wise financial incentives to support integrated care starting from a population health approach, which is crucial for ‘double accountability’.
 7.Academic researchers are involved within the integrator, to implement and evaluate interventions with proof of concept.
 8.Shared communication for professional caregivers and patients is provided by the central support team, in co-creation with all partner organizations.
 The Leuven Cares project is an ongoing integrated care project. To date, the process shows good voluntarily and motivated participation of professional caregivers and their organizations. Among several other success factors a strong central integrator team supporting the transition towards integrated care is essential to support this transition towards more and sustainable integrated care.
 The next steps for Leuven Cares include developing methods to spread the best practices, including an integration team, to other regions. The roll-out will be gradual, with specific evaluation of context-dependent factors influencing the process towards integrated care.

Problems of the activity of canine units of the National Police in the conditions of war

The article highlights the main problematic issues that arise during the organization of the activities of the canine units of the National Police of Ukraine. The author's vision of the main ways and directions of solving the existing problems and peculiarities of the National Police's activities in the conditions of martial law has been formed. Emphasis is also placed on new promising directions for the use of service dogs in the police and other structures of the security and defense sector. Amendments to the regulatory framework are proposed to regulate the use of K9 units.
 These conclusions should become the basis for the initial scientific development of the issue of using service dogs, and subsequently for the practical implementation of the developed provisions. This, in turn, will allow the functions and tasks of canine units to be implemented at a qualitatively new level.
 It has been determined that the main problematic issues that arise today are: significant movements of people on the territory of Ukraine and the appearance of a large number of weapons, ammunition and explosives lead to an increase in the number of facts of their illegal use, including transportation, storage even without the purpose of using them for their intended purpose. In addition, the facts of illegal drug trafficking in the places of hostilities, cases of the involvement of service dogs of the National Police in anti-mine activities and the search for corpses and places of mass burials have become increasingly widespread.
 Currently, there are many conflicts and gaps in the current legislation regarding the grounds and procedure for the use of service dogs, however, in the course of this article the focus will be solely on the organisational and rational aspects of using a service dog as a means of detecting and identifying illicit substances, as well as for conducting a search in certain difficult situations.
 One of the key areas of activity in the field of improving canine support is the expansion of the staff and areas of use of service dogs, as well as addressing the issue of targeted training of individuals in certain non-canine units in order to fully support police activities in all areas.

Inclusive culture of educational specialists: students of pedagogical directions of university training and practising teachers

The article considers aspects of formation of inclusive culture at the university, as one of the key areas of activity of modern higher school. The concept of «inclusive culture» is revealed in several directions, among which are the following: a special philosophy, an integral part of the general culture, a special atmosphere of trust, an original concept of the introduction of adapted modifications into the organization general structure, a fundamental basis for the creation of inclusive society culture, through which the goals of inclusive education are achieved and the social and personal qualities of all participants in inclusive society are improved. The authors analyze approaches to the definition of «university inclusive culture», inclusive culture structural components as well as its methods of research. The results of inclusive culture research of future teachers and practitioners in the field of education are presented.

Digitization of public authorities: Global experience

The research focuses on the study of digitization processes at the Ukrainian and international level as an innovation in public management, as well as on the prospects for its implementation in the processes of state formation and communication with civil society. It was concluded that digitization of public authorities should be harmonized with generally recognized international standards, developed and adopted in the context of national characteristics and traditions. Based on the assessment of global trends in the development of digital technologies and the study of international experience, the key areas of activity of public authorities in Ukraine were determined, which can be taken as a basis by other developing countries, with special emphasis on: decentralization, simplification, deregulation, institutional capacity building and communication support.

Developing Information Competences of the Students in Technical Direction with Helping the Technology of “Network Boomerang” Principles

The article discusses ways of increasing students' engagement, motivation and participation in higher education using "Network Boomerang" technology, as an example of pre-service IT teacher training. With the onset of the global pandemic, the role of digital technologies has significantly increased, highlighting the importance of digital transformation, particularly for developing countries, including Uzbekistan. Indeed, digital transformation has the potential to further modernize society and integrate the national economy into global processes. In this context, within the framework of ongoing reforms and the Development Strategy of the New Uzbekistan for the next five years, special attention is being given to the digitization of key areas of activity and the establishment of a genuine information society in the country.

Оn improving anti-corruption measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of world experience

Corruption has become one of the most dangerous social pandemics of our time. Its causes are rooted in the socio-cultural, economic, institutional and other features of the development of society and the state. In the context of globalization, most countries, including the Republic of Kazakhstan, pay special attention to the area of combating corruption, as one of the key areas of activity of state bodies. In this article, the author carried out a comprehensive legal analysis and generalization of the experience of international legal counteraction to corruption, an analysis was carried out in the context of general international legal issues of countering corruption, the main approaches to solving problematic issues of combating corruption were studied, and the author’s vision for solving these problems was proposed.

РОССИЯ КАК МНОГОНАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ И МЕХАНИЗМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Regulation of interethnic relations is one of the key areas of activity of the state and society in Russia. In the course of the Russia’s history, considerable experience has been accumulated in this area, and the analysis of this experience allows us to understand the features of modern management in the fi eld of interethnic and interfaith relations. Th e article examines the main trends in the development of Russia as a multi-ethnic state and the mechanisms used at different stages of its evolution to manage ethnic diversity. Author stresses that the task of harmonizing relations between the peoples inhabiting Russia was faced by the authorities already in the early stages of the development of statehood. Th e fl exible use of the principles of governance borrowed by Russian rulers from neighboring states (in particular, the Golden Horde) yelped to expand the state’s territory to the East. Maintaining the local autonomy, the alliance of authorities with local elites, their involvement in governance matters, the ability to protect local peoples from external aggression, and to act as an arbiter in resolving disputes between them — the application of all these principles helped to integrate the new territories into the Russian state. Of course, these techniques did not always work. However, their successful use for quite a long time deserves the attention of researchers, and the experience accumulated in those years can be used in planning and implementing modern national policies.

Foreign Consulates in Odesa (1920s – 1930s)

The purpose of the research paper is to highlight the history of repatriation missions and consular institutions of Poland, Albania, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Japan and Spain in Odesa during 1922-1938, analysis of the main areas of activity within the consular district and the consular staff’s characteristics.
 The scientific novelty. The general picture of the foreign diplomatic presence in Odesa, represented by the repatriation missions of Turkey, Albania and Poland, as well as five consulates, has been reconstructed. Their personnel composition and key areas of activity are shown.
 Conclusions. With the creation of Soviet Ukraine, Odesa continued to remain a strategically important city for both European and Asian countries, which, having restored diplomatic and consular relations with the USSR, opened their consulates here. During the 1920s and 1930s, the repatriation missions of Poland, Albania, and Turkey operated in the city first (during 1922-1925), and later the consular offices of three European countries – Germany, Italy, Spain, and two Asian countries – Turkey and Japan. The foreign consular institutions’ diplomatic staff consisted exclusively of representatives of the countries they represented and were career diplomats. In turn, among the representatives of the administrative and technical staff were citizens of these countries and Soviet Ukraine, and the service staff consisted with local residents.
 Since its establishment, foreign consular representatives have contributed to the development of trade, economic, cultural and scientific relations of their countries with the UkrSSR. Important spheres of consulates’ activity were protection of the citizens’ interests of their countries, organization of material assistance for them and promotion of their departure to their homeland. In the process of gathering information about the socio-political situation in the USSR, the consuls recorded the unfolding of the Holodomor, pointing out its culprits, noted the negative consequences of collectivization and industrialization, etc.
 But, despite the constantly emphasized friendship in relations between the USSR and the countries listed above, their consulates and employees found themselves under the Soviet special services close supervision, which considered any consulates representatives’ actions as espionage. In order to be fully effective, the special services recruited representatives from both consulate employees and persons who were in contact with the consul. And after the consulates were closed, they began the process of “cleaning” them. In 1937-1938, the USSR’s relations with Italy, Germany, Turkey, Japan, and Spain became strained, which led to the closure of the consular network in Odesa.

An integrated process for planning, delivery, and stewardship of urban nature-based solutions: The Connecting Nature Framework

Mainstreaming nature-based solutions in cities has grown in scale and magnitude in recent times but is still considered to be the main challenge for transitioning our cities and their communities to be more climate resilient and liveable: environmentally, economically, and socially. Furthermore, taking nature-based solutions to the next level, and scaling them out to all urban contexts to achieve a greater impact, is proving to be slow and often conflicts with other transitioning initiatives such as energy generation, mobility and transport initiatives, and infilling to combat sprawl. So, the task is neither easy nor straightforward; there are many barriers to this novel transition, especially when it comes to collaborative approaches to implementing nature-based solutions with diverse urban communities and within city authorities themselves. This paper reports on a new process that is systematically co-produced and captured as a framework for planning nature-based solutions that emerged during the Connecting Nature project. The Connecting Nature Framework is a three-stage, iterative process that involves seven key activity areas for mainstreaming nature-based solutions: technical solutions, governance, financing and business models, nature-based enterprises, co-production, reflexive monitoring, and impact assessment. The tested and applied framework is designed to address and overcome barriers to the implementation of nature-based solutions in cities via a co-created, iterative, and reflective approach. The planning process guided by the proposed framework has already yielded promising results with some of the cities of the project, though further usage and its adoption by other cities is needed to explore its potential in different contexts especially in the Global South. The paper concludes with suggestions on how this may be realised.

ПОКАЗНИКИ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ ПРОДАЖІВ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ НАПРАВЛЕНОСТІ

The article considers the peculiarities of implementation of performance indicators of the sales department at construction enterprises. Achievement of the planned indicators is possible through effective resource management based on information about the company's economic and operational activities, analysis and prevention of possible deviations from the plan. In addition, these indicators should be fully consistent with the fundamental strategic goals of the entire organisation. In this regard, special attention is paid to setting achievable values that will satisfy both the fundamental aspirations of the owners to increase profits and the real market and organisational capabilities of the construction industry. The KPI system is used as the main tool for regulating this task, due to its ability to identify and control specific, measurable actions. The position of the KPI system in the overall structure of the sales department has been determined. The key performance indicators of a sales manager in the context of his activities at a manufacturing enterprise with specifics of work in the construction materials market are researched. An analysis of the results of the commercial department's activities in terms of meeting the planned indicators is carried out. It has been found that when implementing KPIs, the motivation system becomes clear and transparent, since planned and actual values are recorded. The applied strategy reveals its weaknesses and the necessary principles of employee motivation in relation to the set goals. The internal factors of influence on the performance of the sales department are proposed, which improve the internal climate and create favourable conditions for motivation and initiative of employees. It is proved that the use of KPI performance indicators allows identifying and adjusting specific tasks necessary to achieve the planned goals, more efficiently managing available resources in key areas of activity, and controlling the economic and operational activities of the company.

Emerging robust and data‐driven control methods for uncertain learning systems

Emerging robust and data‐driven control methods for uncertain learning systems

THE ROLE OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article substantiates the expediency of globalization of higher education institutions andthe role of foreign language learning in this process. Four main justifications for globalization areoutlined: academic, socio-cultural, political and economic. Current trends in the internationalization ofhigher education in European countries have been identified, and aspects of the institute’s activitiesrelated to the development and implementation of the globalization strategy have been investigated.Factors determining its successful implementation and factors hindering this process are determined. Theimpact of globalization on the competitiveness of Ukrainian universities and the professional risksassociated with a low level of language proficiency are described. The role of the institute’s languagepolicy in the implementation of the internationalization strategy is defined. The regulatory and legaldocumentation in the field of development and reform of higher education is studied. The prerequisitesfor reforming the English language teaching methodology are considered. The method of globalization ofhigher education in foreign language classes is proposed. It is concluded that the process of globalization,the main goal of which is to improve the quality of education and scientific activity, has become thestrategic direction of higher educational institutions. In this regard, considerable attention is paid tosupporting the provision of pedagogical conditions for the formation of all intercultural competences ofstudents. The results of the empirical study indicate that the key areas of activity of universities in thecontext of internationalization are the development of students’ academic knowledge, mobility, creationof joint educational programs with foreign universities, development of international scientific activity. Itis found that the main factors that stimulate these processes are the development and monitoring of theimplementation of the globalization strategy. The problems of implementing this strategy, as before, areof a financial nature and are associated with a low level of foreign language proficiency and insufficientmotivation of students and teachers to participate in academic mobility programs and internationalscientific projects.