Kazan City Research Articles

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: RISK FACTORS OF DEATH

The objective of this study was to analyze risk factors of death in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This was a retrospective analysis of medical records of 62 patients dead from CAP within a year in hospitals at Kazan city. We described clinical course of CAP leading to a patient's death. Predictors of fatal outcome of CAP were social status, delayed admission to a hospital, smoking history, alcohol abuse, mental and nutritive disorders, bilateral lung injury, pleural effusion, respiratory failure and haemodynamic instability.

Risk Assessment in Concessions: A Case Study of Municipal Sports Facilities

The aim of the study is to assess the business risks in the operation of sports facilities owned by the municipality in terms of concession agreements. The study was carried out on the example of Kazan city (Russia), where during the preparation for the XXVII World Summer Universidad 2013 a large number of sports facilities were built by means of public funds. The answers were collected from 38 experts selected among the potential concessionaires. Basing on the obtained data the integral indicators of significance for each type of risk were calculated.

Интегральная оценка качества атмосферного воздуха г. Казани по данным химического и биологического мониторинга

The paper presents the results related to complex assessment of Kazan city air quality by chemical indicators and by photosynthetic activity inhibition level of blue spruce (Pícea pungens). It has been shown that on chemical indicators the air quality fluctuates from high to very high polluted level, and the greatest contribution to air pollution is made by dust, carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. It has been shown that blue spruce’s (Pícea pungens) slowed-down fluorescence indexes are good indicators of atmospheric air pollution. A strong correlation has been revealed between the content of carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dust in the air and the slowed-down fluorescence indexes.

The experience of a distance learning organization in a private higher educational institution in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia): From idea to realization

<p>The article is devoted to the unique experience of distance learning development in the conditions of Russian reality. The model of distance learning in the Institute of Economics, Management and Law (Kazan city, Russia) is created on the basis of educational sphere diagnosis taking into account foreign and Russian experience. The specificity of the model is the permanent diagnosis of the components of the educational environment such as teacher qualifications, level of students’ actual knowledge, filling the educational process with information technologies, availability and quality of electronic resources, the correct choice of learning technologies, and policy in the field of the computerization of the professional education process.</p>

AB1009 Patients with rheumatic diseases are at risk of osteoporosis development

ObjectivesEvaluation of changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsA retrospective analysis of protocols of X-ray densitometry was performed in patients who were at the dispensary observation...

Prevalence of the eye diseases in children living in ecologically unfavourable environment

Aim. To study the influence of environmental pollution on eye function in children. Methods. Prevalence of eye diseases was retrospectively studied in 1250 children aged 14-16 years using the 5-year data from medical charts. Children from a region with intensive traffic (threshold limit value exceeded for the following parameters: CO - 3.3 times higher, dust - 1.5-2 times higher, sulfur - 1.3-1.8 times higher, nitrogen dioxide - 1.5-2 times higher), were analyzed as the main cohort. Children from the control cohort lived in region with lower traffic load, with no excess of threshold limit values for basic substances. Results. The prevalence of eye diseases among the children of Kazan city was assessed as 205,4±0,3‰, it has increased over time at the analyzed time gap. Refractive errors, diseases of conjunctiva and eyelid disease were the most common eye diseases. The prevalence of eye diseases among the children from the intensive traffic district was assessed as 223,1±0,3‰, which was higher compared to the district with small traffic load - 97,9±0,4‰ (р 0,01). Refractive errors, diseases of conjunctiva and eyelid disease were the three most common eye diseases among the children from the intensive traffic district. Conclusion. The prevalence of eye diseases among the children living in the intensive traffic district of Kazan city is higher compared to the district with better environment.

Analysis of in-hospital stage of emergency medical care and 24-hour mortality in emergency patients

Aim. To reveal the management defects of timely and sufficient emergency care provision at emergency patient admission. Methods. The mortality among the adult Kazan city inhabitants who were urgently admitted to Municipal Emergency Hospital was examined in a retrospective cohort study. The retrospective analysis of in-patients medical charts, ambulance accompanying talons and autopsy protocols of 543 patients who has succumbed during the first 24 hours after being admitted to Municipal Emergency Hospital №1 Kazan, Russia since January 1st, 2009 to December 31, 2011, was performed, emergency medical care on the pre-hospital stage was analysed. Results. The number of patients who got the out-patient care in the admission department of the emergency hospital has increased during the last several years, distracting admission department staff form their primary job and causing errors in medical care. The number of errors due to the medical care mismanagement can be estimated as 23.3%. Low staff qualification, lack of subspecialty consultations or councils and lack of case monitoring are among the reasons. Conclusion. Providing high quality medical aid in out-patients clinics would allow Emergency hospitals to focus on admitting and treating patients with life-threatening emergencies.

Обобщение медицинских данных в программе MS Excel процедурой многофакторных «Промежуточных итогов»

Aim. To optimize the compilation of statistical data on oncology patients according to survival and mortality. Methods. Compilation of statistical data by using the multifactorial «intermediate outcomes». Results. A program code has been used from 1990 to the present time to compile statistical data on survival and mortality of patients with gastric cancer operated on at the Kazan City Oncology Dispensary. This code makes it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of selected statistical indicators to the factors specified by the researcher, which makes it possible to regard it as a universal method for analysis of the databases in cases where the number of combinations of factors is large. The method has a high processing speed and reduces the total amount of operator commands. The universality of the program intends the use of its functions to compile the results of iterative calculations. The procedure of multifactor intermediate outcomes was implemented on the basis of MS Excel by means of Visual Basic for Applications. The proposed program of three-factor «intermediate outcomes» serves as a convenient and fast tool for finding relevant factors. Reliability of the analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment strategy for oncology patients increases significantly during application of the proposed program. Conclusion. Testing of the algorithm for analysis of the database of results in medicine and summarizing the results of iterative calculations (for example, a recursive method and the moving window method) and the equations with different combinations of time series in econometrics may indicate the viability of the algorithm as an extremely powerful tool of analysis and generalization of databases.

Compilation of medical data in the MS Excel program using the procedure of multifactorial «intermediate outcomes»

Aim. To optimize the compilation of statistical data on oncology patients according to survival and mortality. Methods. Compilation of statistical data by using the multifactorial «intermediate outcomes». Results. A program code has been used from 1990 to the present time to compile statistical data on survival and mortality of patients with gastric cancer operated on at the Kazan City Oncology Dispensary. This code makes it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of selected statistical indicators to the factors specified by the researcher, which makes it possible to regard it as a universal method for analysis of the databases in cases where the number of combinations of factors is large. The method has a high processing speed and reduces the total amount of operator commands. The universality of the program intends the use of its functions to compile the results of iterative calculations. The procedure of multifactor intermediate outcomes was implemented on the basis of MS Excel by means of Visual Basic for Applications. The proposed program of three-factor «intermediate outcomes» serves as a convenient and fast tool for finding relevant factors. Reliability of the analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment strategy for oncology patients increases significantly during application of the proposed program. Conclusion. Testing of the algorithm for analysis of the database of results in medicine and summarizing the results of iterative calculations (for example, a recursive method and the moving window method) and the equations with different combinations of time series in econometrics may indicate the viability of the algorithm as an extremely powerful tool of analysis and generalization of databases.

Introduction of modern surgical methods of treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal femur

Aim. To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the surgical approaches to the treatment of traumatic injuries of the proximal femur. Methods. Conducted was an analysis of the introduction of modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with injuries of the proximal femur for the period from 2004 to 2010. Discussed were the variants of osteosynthesis and endoprosthetic hip replacement for fractures of the neck and the trochanteric region of the femur in 1007 injured patients. Results. Over the period of 4 years it became possible to double the surgical activity of the trauma department through systematic personnel training and through the use of new structure-designs for osteosynthesis and arthroplasty. The main problem was recognized to be the lack of a system of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of such a complex group of patients. Conclusion. The analysis of results showed the need for development of specific standards of treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal femur both in Kazan city and at the level of the Republic of Tatarstan.

On the evacuation of the Imperial moscow educational home to Kazan during the Civil war of 1812

The article presents the events that took place at the Imperial Moscow educational home during the Civil War in 1812, when Napoleon’s army entered Moscow. A description is provided of the period of evacuation of children older than 11-12 years of age to Kazan accompanied by doctors and other employees of the House, as well as the actions directly in the Educational home in Moscow, where young children had been left. Kazan became a shelter for the older children. Owing to the brilliant organizational abilities of the main supervising officer I.A. Tutolmin, to the high professionalism of the chief physician Kh. Oppel and to the doctors, who accompanied the evacuated children, as well as to the hospitality of Kazan city and the medical and pharmaceutical services of the city it was possible to avoid major outbreaks of infectious diseases and save the lives of many children.

THE DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF THE KAZAN CITY RHEUMATOLOGY CENTER

Система комплексной поддержки и сопровождения научного журнала Elpub позволяет запустить двуязычный сайт журнала со встроенной системой электронной редакции в соответствии с лучшими издательскими практиками, а так же предусматривает техническую и методическую поддержку со стороны специалистов НЭИКОН.

Holidays in Kazan: The Public Sphere and the Politics of Religious Authority among Tatars in 1914

This article demonstrates that it was the public sphere shaped by the Kazan city duma and the local press, rather than the tsarist state alone, that strengthened Muslim identity among the urban Tatars. Norihiro Naganawa argues that the invocation of the empire's ruling principle of religious tolerance split the duma along confessional lines and undermined its arbitrating role. He also examines the political discussions among the local Tatar intellectuals over the timing and meaning of Islamic holidays. While the Spiritual Assembly, the long-standing hub of Muslim-state interaction, provided leverage for the mullahs in their efforts to maintain a secure domain for religion, this security dissipated as it became entangled in the competition for authority among increasingly numerous actors speaking for Islam and nation. Naganawa also suggests that late imperial Russia was confronted by the profound theoretical challenge of religious pluralism, to which not tsarism, nor liberal democracy, nor secularism had or have easy answers.

Clinical-epidemiological aspects of Kazan Center for Extrapyramidal Pathology

Pathology of extrapyramidal nervous system (EP) is one of the most complex sections of clinical neurology. Specificity of EP disorders accounts for the necessity of specialized assistance to patients with parkinsonism, tremor, dystonias, tics and other hyperkinesias. The article gives an account of a 4-year experience of Center for Extrapyramidal pathology work, as well as its problems and achievements. A total of 1 738 patients with different motor disorders (total of 4 301 consultations) were examined in the center for the whole period of its existence. Scientific research work is carried on as well. On the basis of the experience it was found out that neurologists. Сome across considerable difficulties in making diagnosis and choice of extrapyramidal diseases treatment. We are planning to expand the use of modern techniques in diagnosis and treatment (including botulotoxin injections, deep brain stimulation), identification of epidemiology of some extrapyramidal disorders in Kazan city.

Chronic tuberculous rhinosinusitis in a patient with widespread destructive pulmonary tuberculosis

We observed a case of chronic left-sided maxillary rhinosinusitis of tuberculous etiology. K., 57 years old, has been registered with the State Medical Institution "Phthisiology" for infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis since 1998.He was repeatedly treated in a tuberculosis hospital and outpatient with short courses. In January 2000, he was admitted to the Kazan City Tuberculosis Hospital due to complaints of cough with scant sputum, weakness, shortness of breath during physical exertion; negative X-ray dynamics was also observed. After clinical, radiological, laboratory and bacteriological examination methods, he was clinically diagnosed with infiltrative tuberculosis of the upper lobe of the left lung in the phase of decay and contamination of CD (+).

P02The first results of the ultrasound transvaginal screening in early pregnancies in Kazan city, Tatarstan, Russia

In 1 January 2000 in order of Tatarstan Health Care Ministry transvaginal first trimester screening was introduced in Kazan city. All pregnant women have to be examined in one of 5 the medical centers.We present the results of six month screening for all pregnant women between 10 and 14 weeks gestation.MethodRoutine transvaginal ultrasound examination included the measurement of fetal crown‐rump length, nuchal translucency and estimation of fetal anatomy.ResultsA total 1620 pregnant women of 10–14 weeks of gestation were examined from January till June 2000. All abnormalities were detected at the 12–13 weeks gestational ages. The increasing of nuchal translucency thickness were found in 23 cases, 7 of them chromosomal defects had, in this group in 5 cases cystic hygroma with hydrops were identified.In 12 cases structural anomalies were found: 1‐body stalk anomaly, 1 case‐omphalocele with liver in it, 1‐holoprosencephaly with proboshisis and microphtalmia, 1‐encephalocele, 3‐acrania, 5‐anencephaly. In the cases of holoprosencephaly and encephalocele nuchal translucency measured at 10–11 week was normal.ConclusionEven the first results of early pregnancy transvaginal screening show its great significance in our city. The most adequate period for transvaginal screening is 12–13 weeks.

Surgery of duodenal injuries

Closed duodenal injury (CLI) was first described in 1894 by N.M. Verzilov. In 1896 Petry reported about 9 similar injuries. We have published materials on 620 cases of CDA from 1916 till 1996 in the Russian literature available to us. Besides, we have the data of analysis of 27 case histories of patients with the same trauma treated in various clinics of Kazan city from 1960 till 1996.

Social and clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who died in the first year of follow-up

In the mid-1970s, there was an increase in the number of newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, who were admitted to the hospital in a very serious condition and often died within a short time after admission. We counted the number of deaths in Kazan city in the first year of follow-up from 1969 to 1992 for 24 years, dividing them into 3-year periods. In 1969-1971 there were 0.55% of those who died in the first year of observation to the total number of first-time pulmonary tuberculosis patients, in 1972-1974 - 0.98%, in 1975-1977 -1.6%, in 1978-1980 - 1.7%, in 1981-1983 - 0.27%, in 1984-1986 - 0.57%, in 1987-1989 - 0.7%, in 1990-1992 - 1.3%.

Organization and some results of the work of the AGIS "Health" group of the Kazan City Center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision

Since 1981, the first unified system AGIS "Health" (automated state information system) began to operate in the city sanitary and epidemiological station to study the morbidity of the population in connection with the quality of the environment.

Chronicle. Vol. 68, No. 6 (1987)

On 23.09.87 a press-conference was held for journalists of the Tatar Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, where deputy ministers of health of the TASSR E. V. Karpukhin and D. S. Galeeva, pro-rector of the Medical Institute prof. H. H. Amirov, chief state sanitary doctor of the TASSR V. V. Morozov, chief doctor of the RKB S.V. Abuladze, head of the Kazan City Health Department R. I. Tuishev spoke.