Kayseri Province Research Articles

Molecular surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii in raw milk and Artisan cheese of sheep, goat, cow and water buffalo origin

This study is aimed at investigating the molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in raw milk and cheese of different animal species (sheep, goat, cow and water buffalo) in Kayseri Province, Türkiye, to provide a preliminary assessment for contamination risk. A total of 200 milk and cheese samples were analysed by real‐time PCR. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in two (8%) ewes and one (4%) goat raw milk sample, while none of the cheese samples were positive. These results indicated that the presence of T. gondii DNA in raw milk samples sold in Kayseri Province might be a risk factor for public health.

Türkiye’nin bir sanayi şehrinde konut ısıtmasının hava kirliliğine katkısı

In this study, the contribution of fuels (coal + natural gas) used for residential heating in Kayseri city center to air pollution was investigated. For this reason, the amount of emissions released to the atmosphere was calculated by using the natural gas and coal data used in the residences in the 5 (five) year period between 2015-2019 in the province of Kayseri. In addition, the percentage contribution of both residential heating and industrial point sources to air pollution in terms of emissions was compared. The relationship between annual average emission amounts and National Air Quality Monitoring Network data was also revealed. During the 5 years period, the total amount of emissions originating from the fuels used in residences and industries were 6171 tons for PM, 9049 tons for SO2, and 14179 tons for NOx. It has been evaluated that the decrease in PM10 concentrations and the increase in NOX concentrations from 2015 to 2019 may be related to the increase in natural gas use in the city. When evaluated in terms of emission amounts; it has been revealed that PM and SO2 are mostly released from domestic sources, while NOXs are from industrial sources.

Analysis of the Settlement Names Given According to Geographical Elements in Kayseri Province in the Context of Cultural Geography

Yer adları, yapısı itibariyle dilsel bir unsur olup içerisinde bulunduğu topluma ait kültürel değerleri barındırmaktadır. Yer adına anlam katan kültürel değerler ise belli bir tarihi sürecin sonunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu açıdan yer adlarının incelenmesiyle bir milletin dil yapısı, tarihi gelişimi ve kültürel değerlerinin oluşum süreci hakkında da bilgiler elde edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Kayseri ilinde yer adları değiştirilirken coğrafi unsurların ne derece etkili olduğunu, bu coğrafi unsurların kaç farklı yerleşim yerinde ön plana çıktığını ve yerleşmelerin isimlendirilmesinde alandaki coğrafi unsurların ne yönde etkilerde bulunduğunu tespit etmektir. Araştırmada ikincil veriler kapsamında değerlendirilen bilimsel yayınlardan yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı olarak sahada yöre insanlarına görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. İkincil veriler ve görüşme tekniğine dayalı elde edilen bilgiler, betimsel olarak analiz edilerek coğrafi bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yer adları coğrafi unsurlara göre kendi içinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Buna göre çalışma kapsamında Kayseri ilinde yer adları komisyonu tarafından değiştirilen isimler üzerinde yapılan değerlendirmede alanda kullanılan yeni isimlerin bölgenin coğrafi değerleri göz önüne alınıp yerleşim yeri adı olarak belirlendiği ve benzer coğrafi özellikleri içeren alanlarda hemen hemen birbirine yakın isimlerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.

Measurement of Projected Areas in Some Confectionery Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds by Image Processing Technique

This study aimed to demonstrate the practical and low-cost usability of image processing techniques in agricultural grain products by making a sample application in confectionery sunflower seeds. A desktop scanner and an open source software ImageJ were used. Local sunflower cultivars, which were obtained from Manisa, Denizli and Kayseri provinces, were used as a material. After the seeds were scanned with a scanner, their projected areas were calculated in 2D with ImageJ software. Afterward, the dimensions of the seeds were measured with a precision scale and caliper to compare with their projected areas. As a result of the statistical analysis, very high correlations could not be reached between the calculated projected areas and the other measured dimensions. Seed weight, seed length, seed width and hull weight were found to be highly or moderately correlated with the projected area values in all three seed types. Research findings show that the most important reason for not finding very high correlations was the use of local cultivars and the low level of seed purity.

The Resilience Scale for Parents of Children with Cancer: Scale development and psychometric evaluation.

This study aimed to develop a Resilience Scale for Parents of Children with Cancer (RSP-CC) designed specifically for parents of children with cancer and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Based on the Resilience Model for Families of Children with Cancer, items were created after an extensive literature review and evaluated through expert consultation and a pilot study. Psychometric evaluation was conducted with the parents of 601 children with cancer in the pediatric hematology oncology services of different hospitals in the Ankara and Kayseri provinces in Turkey. A 4-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, explaining 62.192% of the total variance. In the reliability analysis of the scale, Interclass correlation=0.993 and Cronbach's alpha=0.994 were found for the scale. Robust correlation coefficients were found between test-retest, and the correlation between the two measurements was statistically significant (r=0.990; p˂0.001). As a result, the validity of a 24-item scale structure consisting of 4 dimensions was validated. It may be said that the RSP-CC meets the necessary criteria to examine the resilience in parents of children aged 0-18 with a cancer diagnosis, and its psychometric properties are reasonable sufficient.

Epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: comparison of Turkish nationals and refugees.

The aim of this study is to conduct an epidemiological examination of Turkish citizens and refugees who requested an ambulance due to Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at the Kayseri 112 emergency services between 2019 and 2020. This study was carried out in the province of Kayseri, which is one of the largest cities in Turkey. The study population includes OHCA patients for whom EMS were activated for any reason in 2019-2020. Data were taken from the Emergency Healthcare Automation System used by Kayseri Emergency Medical Services. A total of 5977 OHCA cases (Turkish 5736, Refugees 241) in which Emergency Medical Servises (EMS) was activated during the research period were included. A rate of 55.6% of patients Turkish nationality and 66.0% refugees were male (p<0.001). Observing at the cause of arrest, we find that 95.7% of cases among Turkish citizens and 82.6% of cases among refugees had a medical cause; while the suicide rate among Turkish citizens was 0.9%, this rate was 5.0% in refugee patients (p<0.001). It was found that the rate of OHCA increased with age and that the average OHCA age was lower in men and refugees. In addition, there is no difference between Turkish nationals and refugees in the use of emergency services for OHCA cases.

Chemical Constituents of Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Essential Oil: Herbicidal and Antimicrobial Activities

Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, is a plant species commonly found in Asian and Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, the herb has significant medical value (antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and so on). In the present study, chemical compounds of essential oil of D. botrys collected from Central Anatolia (Kayseri province) of Türkiye were investigated and thirty components were identified in the oil by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). β-elemene (27.56%), elemol (18.00%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (6.74%), β-eudesmol (5.87%), α-eudesmol (4.48%), (-)-isolongifolol acetate (3.56%), and β-selinene (3.12%) were determined as the main components. The Kirby-Baurer disc diffusion technique was used to evaluate the oil's antibacterial effects against six distinct bacterial strains. The results showed that the most inhibitory effect was observed on S. aureus (13 mm) and this was followed by B. cereus (10 mm)> E. faecalis = P. aeruginosa (8 mm) > A. baumannii = Y. enterocolitica (7 mm). It was established that the oil significantly inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial strains. In vitro allelopathic effects of the oil at different doses (1.0-8.0 μl/ml) were researched on Lepidium sativum and Triticum aestivum. In both tested plants, the oil at 4.0 and 8.0 μl/ml doses significantly inhibited the germination, root, and shoot elongation and decreased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. This is also the first study on the phytotoxic activity of D. botrys’ essential oil.

Changing perceptions of general health in the Kayseri Province, Turkey in 2004 and 2017: A population-based study.

Self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have closely related outcomes in measuring general health status in community-based studies. The aim of this study is to determine changes in the self-perceived overall health of people and affected factors by comparing the findings of two studies conducted in the same research area. Both studies were conducted using the same measurement tools in households determined by random sampling techniques in the same research areas. The first and second studies were conducted with 1,304 and 1,533 people residing in 501 and 801 households in 2004 and 2017, respectively. The demographic data form, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and a single-item SRH questionnaire were used for data collection. The rate of good SRH increased from 56% to 70% while the average NHP score decreased from 30.87 to 20.34. The predictors of negative health perceptions were the presence of chronic diseases (OR 3.4-2.7-times higher), being female (OR.1.4-1.5 times higher), and the completion of primary education only (OR. 2.7-2.8 times higher) both 2004 and 2017. Living 500-1,000 m from the nearest healthcare facility was the main protective variable against poor SRH. Good SRH and HRQoL have increased significantly over time. Chronic diseases, education, and gender are the strongest predictors of poor SRH.

Modeling and Assessment of PM10 and Atmospheric Metal Pollution in Kayseri Province, Turkey

Air pollution has numerous detrimental consequences for human health, visibility, climate, materials, plant health, and animal health. A portion of air pollution consists of metals, which are emitted into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and the incineration of metal-containing products. In this work, the particulate matter and particle-related metal pollution from various sources, in the Turkish province of Kayseri, were determined. AERMOD modeling was also used to examine the distribution of PM10 around the Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ). Particulate matter (PM10) samples were collected using MCZ dust collecting devices at six monitoring locations mainly affected by residential heating (Hürriyet, Talas, and Kocasinan), industry (OIZ), and traffic (Tramway and Cumhuriyet) during the autumn/winter months and at three monitoring locations mainly affected by residential heating (Kocasinan), industry (OIZ), and traffic (Tramvay) during the spring months. ICP-MS analysis was used to assess the concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) in samples collected over 6 different time periods of 16 days each. During the autumn/winter months, the concentrations of Pb near roadways were found to exceed the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation of Turkey (AQAMR) limit value. During all the sampling periods, the Ni and Cd concentrations were below the AQAMR limit values. At the points associated with winter heating, the concentrations exceeded the AQAMR limit value, which may result from coal combustion.

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Sustainable Management of Improved Rangelands in Kayseri, Turkey

Sustainability of rangeland is adversely affected by many factors in Turkey, as well as in developing countries. The rangeland in Turkey's Kayseri province does not produce the amount of roughage needed by the current number of animals. To improve this situation, the state has encouraged rangeland improvement and management activities to increase the productivity and sustainability of rangelands. The aim of this study is to determine farmers’ behaviors and characteristics that affect their use of improved rangelands, especially whether their use maintained the improved level of forage production. Farmers engaged in animal husbandry in 11 villages where rangeland improvement activities were completed in Kayseri constituted the population of the study. Simple random sampling was used to determine the farmers included in the sample with 244 farmers interviewed. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire filled during the face-to-face interviews with each individual respondent. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis was used in the analysis of the collected data. Results identified farmer characteristics and behaviors affecting sustainable rangeland use, as indicated by maintaining forage productivity greater or equal to 3 200 kg/ha on improved pastures. It has been determined that the contribution of the farmers with a large number of animals, a large land size, producing forage crops, and participating in the rangeland improvement activities is higher in the sustainability and adoption of rangeland improvement and management activities. The results of our study will provide a new and different perspective on how to increase the efficiency and planning of rangeland improvement activities and in the formation of agricultural policies on this subject.

Comparative economic analysis of air conditioning system with groundwater source heat pump in general-purpose buildings: A case study for Kayseri

In this study, which aims to reduce energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels in buildings, the use of an alternative air conditioning system instead of conventional air conditioning systems (CACS), which are widely used in general-purpose public buildings (GPPBs) with high energy consumption, is investigated. A groundwater source heat pump system (GSHPS) was selected as the alternative air conditioning system that exploits an underground water source used in Kayseri province (Turkey). GSHPSs were used both for heating and cooling of a sample GPPB and all costs were determined in detail in the study. In order to compare whether the GSHPS is economical or not, a commonly used CACS, which consisted of a central heating system with natural gas and an air-cooled cooling system was selected. After system components was selected according to the thermal loads of the building, the system costs were determined considering the initial investment cost and the operating costs. Results showed that the proposed GSHPS was more economical than the CACS in terms of initial investment cost and equivalent uniform annual cost by 22.68% and 11.09%, respectively, despite being 3.87% more expensive in terms of total annual operating costs.

Economic and Social Problems of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Kayseri Province

Bu çalışmada; Kayseri ili Sarıoğlan ilçesinde tarım kesiminde istihdam edilen çalışanları yaşam ve çalışma koşulları ile gelir düzeylerinin tespiti hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki tarım işçileri, mevsimlik veya yabancı işgücü olarak incelenmiştir. Sarıoğlan ilçesindeki tarım kesiminde çalışan 76 aile ile 2020 yılında anketi çalışması yapılmıştır. Görüşülen ailelerin %53.9’u mevsimlik işgücü olarak ilçeye diğer illerden gelen ailelerden ve %46.1’i ise yabancı işgücünden oluşmuştur. Yabancı işgücünün %62.9’u Suriyeli, %31.4’ü Afgan ve %5.7’si Iraklı ailelerden oluşmaktadır. Yabancı işgücünün tamamı ilçede ikamet etmektedirler. Mevsimlik işçiler, temel altyapı hizmetleri olmayan alanlarda barınmaktadır. Araştırma alanında yabancı işgücü olarak istihdam edilenler, göreceli olarak düşük vasıflı konutlarda oturdukları görülmüştür. Mevsimlik tarım işçilerinin temel sağlık hizmetlerinden yeterince yararlanmadığı (%68.3) görülmüştür. Bu kişiler arasında, yeterli ve dengeli beslenemeyenlerin oranı %63.4’dür. Ayrıca çocukların eğitim imkanlarından gereği gibi yararlanamadığı (%53.7) tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada mevsimlik veya yabancı işçilerin işveren tarafından işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği önlemleri alınmadan (%80.5) çalıştırıldığı, ayrıca sosyal güvencenin olmadığı (%87.8), iş garantileri olmadan (%53.7) ve düşük ücretle çalıştırıldığı (%70.7) görülmüştür. Bu kişilerin güvenli ulaşım imkânları da (%73.2) bulunmamaktadır. Yabancı işçilerde çalışma koşullarının ağırlığı (%94.3) önemli bir sorun olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca bu kişilere ödenen ücretler yöredeki çalışma koşullarına göre oldukça düşüktür (%80.0). İşçilerin içinde bulunduğu olumsuz koşulların düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu olumsuzlukların giderilmesinde işveren ve yerel yöneticilere önemli görevler düşmektedir.

An Investigation into the Masterpiece Entitled “Kenzu’r-rumûz fi’t-tasavvuf” by Şeyh Refâhî from Kayseri Province and Its Evaluation in Terms of Sufizm

Bu çalışmada Osmanlı döneminde Kayseri’de yaşamış Şeyh Refâhî’ye ait “Kenzu’r-Rumuz fi’t-Tasavvuf” adlı eserinin tanıtımı ve bu eser çerçevesinde Şeyh Refâhî’nin tasavvufî görüşlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu eser, mesnevi tarzında manzum olarak kaleme alınmış yazma bir eser olup bilinen tek nüshası da Leipzig Üniversitesi Kütüphanesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu nüsha üzerindeki kayıttan eserin Şeyh Refahî’ye ait olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Onun bu eseri, genel olarak Hüseynî Sâdât el-Gûrî’ye ait Farsça yazılmış bir eser olan “Kenzü’r-rumûz" adlı tasavvufî konuların ele alındığı eserin tercümesi konumundadır. Ancak eser incelendiğinde bunun doğrudan bir tercüme olmadığı, Refahî tarafından bir kısım ekleme ve çıkarmaların yapıldığı, özellikle kafiye ve ses fonetiği gözetilerek büyük bir ustalıkla manzum eser şeklinde sunulduğu görülmektedir. Günümüzde sadece bir adet yazma nüshası bulunan ve daha önce üzerinde geniş çaplı bir akademik çalışmanın bulunmadığı bu manzum eserin tanıtımının yapılmasının önemli olduğu kanaatindeyiz. Böylece tasavvuf alanında çalışmalara da bir zenginlik katılmış olacaktır.

Effects of Different Polyethylene Mulch Colors on Greenhouse Cucumber Cultivation

In this study, effects of blue and black polyethylene mulches used together with drip irrigation on yield of Yağmur cucumber cultivar were investigated under greenhouse conditions and mulching treatments were compared with unmulched drip irrigation treatments. Experiments were conducted in a polycarbonate greenhouse in Kayseri province of Turkey in 2019. Throughout the growing season, 655 mm irrigation water was applied in drip+mulch treatments and 776 mm in unmulched drip irrigation treatments. Although 16% less water was applied in drip+mulch treatments, 37% more yield was obtained from drip+blue mulch treatments and 34% more from drip+black mulch treatments. The highest cucumber yields per decare (12296.7 and 11783.6 kg) were respectively obtained from drip+blue mulch and drip+black mulch treatments and the lowest (7771 kg) from unmulched drip irrigation treatments. The highest weed dry biomass (88.42 g m-2) was obtained from unmulched drip irrigation treatments. While the effects of mulching treatments on weed biomass were found to be significant as compared to unmulched treatments, blue and black mulches were not significantly different.

Toplu Yemek Üretimi Yapan Bir İşletmede Personel ve Gıda Temas Yüzeylerinin Mikrobiyolojik Yönden Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmada, Kayseri ilinde bir kamu kuruluşuna ait toplu yemek üretimi yapan bir tesiste yemek hazırlamada çalışan personel ve gıda ile temas eden yüzeylerden alınan örneklerin bazı indikatör mikroorganizmaların varlığı açı- sından incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma süresince tesis Nisan-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında birer ay arayla dört kere ziyaret edildi. Her ziyarette tesiste yemek hazırlamada çalışan 24 personel ile 16 adet ekipman ve gıda ile temas eden yüzeylerden (bıçak, köfte şekillendirme makinesi, kıyma makinesi, et doğrama makinesi, sebze doğrama makinesi ve tezgâh) alınan svap örnekleri materyal olarak kullanıldı. Alınan örnekler toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB) sayımı ile koliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli) ve Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) kontaminasyon durumu bakımından kon- vansiyonel metotlar kullanılarak analiz edildi. Çalışmada, analiz edilen personel el svap örneklerinin %6.6, %3.3 ve % 4.4’ü sırası ile S. aureus, E. coli ve total koliform ile kontamine olduğu belirlendi. Tesiste yemeklerin hazırlık aşamala- rında çiğ gıda ile temasta olan yüzey örneklerinin tamamının total koliform ve E. coli, %96.8’inin ise S. aureus ile konta- mine olduğu tespit edildi. Çalışma sonuçları, Kayseri ilinde bir kamu kuruluşunda toplu gıda üretimi yapılan tesiste çalı- şan personelin büyük çoğunluğunun el hijyeni kurallarına uyduğunu fakat yemek hazırlama aşamalarında kullanılan ekipman ve yüzeylerin sanitasyonunun yetersiz olduğunu ve çapraz kontaminasyon riski taşıdığını gösterdi.

Qualitative Determination of Bisphenol A and Phthalate Residues in Drinking Water Alternatives in Kayseri Province of Türkiye

In this study, it was aimed to qualitatively determine Bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate residues in carboy, pet bottled and tap waters used as drinking water in Kayseri-Türkiye. Being used as an additive in the production of many products and plastics frequently used in daily life, BPA and phthalates are associated with a variety of health issues and environmental problems. Within the scope of this study, a total of 20 drinking water samples (9 pet, 7 carboy and 4 tap water) were analyzed in terms of dibutyl phthalat (DBP), BPA and BPA derivatives (Bisphenol S and Bisphenol F). Among the pet bottled water samples; 8 (88.88%) were found to be contaminated with BPA, 5 (55.55%) with DBP and 7 (77.77%) with BPA derivatives, while 1(14.28%) of the carboy water samples were found contaminated with BPA and 7(100%) with DBP. Among the tap water samples, 2 (50%) were contaminated with BPA and 4 (100%) with DBP. No BPA derivatives were found in carboy and tap water samples while pet bottled waters were found posi- tive for all three contaminants. On the other hand, all carboy and tap waters were found contaminated with phthalates. The findings of this study reveal that the most variety of contamination for these chemicals is determined in pet bottled waters. This study highlighted the situation of BPA and phthalate residues in drinking water sources. Measures should be taken to prevent the contamination of all types of drinking water and to systematically examine the BPA and phthalate-related safety of drinking waters. Further investigation is needed to determine and quantify the occurrence of the target compounds.

Social Spaces and Agenda: A Review of Traditional and New Generation Coffeehouses

Spaces that have the identity of public spaces function as mechanisms of meaning production. Under the study, the differences between spaces for producing meaning and the role of the media in the production of meaning to the extent of the relationships of space users with media are examined through the example of traditional coffee shops and Starbucks as an example of modern coffee shops in Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to determine the distinctive structure of the two public spaces, the demographic characteristics of the people who prefer these two spaces, and the differences in their relations with the media. In this context, the study was carried out on the coffeehouses and new generation of coffee shops in Kayseri Province in order to understand the two different public spaces, and the relations of the people in this area with the media and the extent to which the media determines the agenda of the people belonging to two&#x0D; different places and the basic differences.&#x0D; Traditional coffeehouses, which emerged as events that have changed or resisted to a certain extent modern life in the triangle of space, human and communication technologies, and Starbucks-style shops, which are among the meeting spaces of modern life, constitute the examination step of this research in terms of understanding and interpreting the social environments. The other dimensions of the study consist of the people who spend time in two different places and the messages they receive from their communication tools and of examining their differences occurred in terms of effects. In this context, the method of observation and semi- structured interview technique was used in the study carried out to understand the communication technologies and media relations of the people who spend their time in the relatively traditional neighborhood coffeehouses and Starbucks, which represent the modernity and is located in the&#x0D; more active points of the city. The results of the research show that both public spaces have an effective position as a tool to determine public agenda as media differentiates according to the space in the using form of social media and traditional media, while the demographic characteristics of the people have decisive features to choose coffeehouses and new generation of coffee shops.

Healthcare-Related HCV Genotype 4d Infections in Kayseri, Turkey.

The frequency of genotype 4 hepatitis C virus infection is significantly higher in a city compared to other provinces in Turkey. In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection in Kayseri province of Turkey. A case-control study was conducted with 61 hepatitis C virus genotype 4-infected patients and 71 controls. A questionnaire was administered to the patients and controls, asking for information about the risk factors of hepatitis C virus transmission. Core/ E1 and NS5B regions of hepatitis C virus genome were amplified and sequenced by Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock analysis were performed. The risk was determined by calculating the odds ratio and 95% CI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of risk factors by controlling for confounding variables. Kayseri isolates were closely related to type 4d sequences but formed a separate cluster. According to the molecular clock analysis, hepatitis C virus genotype 4d entered Kayseri province probably between 1941 and 1988. Blood transfusion and surgical intervention were found to be significant risk factors for the infection. Epidemiological data showed that hepatitis C virus genotype 4d infections are significantly associated with unsafe medical procedures.

KAYSERİ EKOLOJİK KOŞULLARINDA MACAR FİĞİ (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) + ARPA (Hordeum vulgare L.) KARIŞIK EKİM SİSTEMİNDE UYGUN KARIŞIM ORANLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Bu çalışma; Kayseri ekolojik koşullarında macar fiği + arpa karışık ekim sisteminde uygun karışım oranlarını belirlemek amacı ile, 2015-2017 yıllarında Beta macar fiği ve Bülbül-98 arpa çeşidi kullanılarak tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede, saf ekimler ile birlikte % 70 arpa + % 30 macar fiği, % 50 arpa + % 50 macar fiği ve % 30 arpa + % 70 macar fiği karışımları yer almıştır. Araştırmada kuru madde verimi, kuru otta macar fiğ oranı, ham protein oranı ve verimi, asit deterjan lif (ADF) ve nötr deterjan lif (NDF) oranları ile nispi yem değeri (NYD) incelenmiştir.&#x0D; &#x0D; Çalışmada, elde edilen sonuçlara göre; karışımda macar fiğ oranı arttıkça kuru madde veriminin azaldığı ve en yüksek kuru madde veriminin arpa yalın ekiminden elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak karışımda macar fiğ oranı arttıkça NDF oranı azalmış, protein oranını ise artmıştır. İki yıla ait verim ve kalite (ADF, NDF, NYD ve protein) parametreleri birlikte incelendiğinde %70 macar fiği+%30 arpa karışımları Kayseri ve benzer ekolojiler için önerilebilir.

Effects of Sowing Rate and Humic Acid Applications on Some Important Yield and Quality Parameters of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.)

Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak 2019-2020 yılı yazlık yetiştirme döneminde “Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine” göre yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın ana parsellerini ekim normu (1, 2 ve 3 kg da-1) ve alt parsellerini ise hümik asit dozları (Kontrol, 100, 200 ve 400 g da-1) oluşturmuştur. Çalışma sonunda çörek otu bitkisinde tohum verimi, biyolojik verim, bitki boyu, bitki başına kapsül sayısı, kapsüldeki tohum sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve sabit yağ oranı gibi parametreler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda bitki boyunun 38.73-47.80 cm, bitki başına kapsül sayısının 3.35-4.90 adet bitki-1, kapsüldeki tohum sayısının 64.94-75.52 adet kapsül-1, bin tohum ağırlığının 2.36-2.54 g, biyolojik verimin 110.42-203.47 kg da-1, tohum veriminin 36.15-50.78 kg da-1, hasat indeksinin % 24.51-37.16 ve sabit yağ oranının % 34.02-39.84 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre Kayseri ili için tohum verimi bakımından en yüksek değerin elde edildiği 2 kg da-1 ekim normu ve 200 g da-1 hümik asit uygulamasının çörekotu üretiminde en uygun miktarlar olduğu söylenebilir.