Karaganda Region Research Articles

«Бұйратау» МҰТС сирек, жойылып бара жатқан жəне эндемик өсімдіктерінің биоэкологиялық ерекшеліктері мен шаруашылық маңызы

Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасында реттілігі бойынша ең соңғы ашылған«Бұйратау» Мемлекеттікұлттық табиғи саябағының(МҰТС) түтікті өсімдіктерінің ерекше топтары: сирек, жойылып баражатқан жəне эндемик өсімдіктерінің биоэкологиялық ерекшеліктері мен шаруашылық маңызына бағаберуге арналған. Авторлар мақалада əртүрлі негізгі ғылыми əдістер арқылы анықталып, ғылыми əдебиет көздерінің ақпараттары негізінде жинақталған мəліметтерді жүйелеп, нақты зерттеулер құрастырған. Осы зерттеулер нəтижесі бойынша «Бұйратау» МҰТС сирек жəне жойылып бара жатқан 24 түрлі өсімдіктердің, Қызыл кітапқа енген10 түрлі өсімдіктердің жəне эндемик 7 түрлі өсімдіктердің нақты биоэкологиялық, экономикалық сипаты берілген. Зерттеу нысанының соңғы жылдардағы зерттеу нəтижелеріне сəйкес, аумақта түтікті өсімдіктердің 75 тұқымдас пен 288 туысқа жататын 610 түрі анықталған. Осы аталғандардың ішінде эндемиктердің— 5 тұқымдасқа, 6 туысқа жататын 7 түрі таралған. Бұл жалпы Орталық Қазақстанда бар эндемик өсімдіктердің 1/4 бөлігі. Ал Қызыл кітапқа енген 387 түрдің 10-ы осы аумақта кездеседі. Сондай-ақ, бұл аумақта сирек кездесетін өсімдіктер саны бүгінде 24-ке жеткен. Бұлардың ішінде тек Қарағанды облысы ғана емес, жалпы Қазақстан бойынша сирек кездесетін түрлер де бар.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Adhesive Activity of Lactobacilli Isolated from the National Food Products from Different Districts of the Karaganda Region (Kazakhstan)

BACKGROUND: It is a national priority to look for new probiotic bacteria with highly active biological properties to create a new generation of probiotics, ferments, therapeutic, and prophylactic fermented milk products, taking into account ethnocultural and regional characteristics. AIM: The aim of the study is to assess probiotic properties of strains of lactobacilli (antimicrobial and adhesive), which are isolated from national lactic acid products from different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were modern microbiological methods applied during the experiment. To determine the morpho-cultural properties, the following methods were used: Gram staining, a catalase test, serial dilutions. The Matrix Supported Laser Desorption/Ionization Flight Time Mass Spectrometry was used for identification, and the deferred-antagonism method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The buccal epithelial cells were used for the cell object as a test system to determine the adhesive activity. RESULTS: In this experiment, 26 lactobacillus isolates were isolated from 68 samples of national lactic acid products produced in a traditional homemade way in different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). As a result of the studies carried out on the cultural and morphological characteristics and identification by the mass spectrometer, the following lactobacilli were obtained: Lactobacillus acidophilus (two strains), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricum (two strains), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (seven strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (two strains), Lactobacillus paracasei (11 strains), and Lactobacillus fermentum (two strains). Twenty-six isolates of lactobacilli were tested for antimicrobial activity, 13 isolates of which showed an inhibitory effect, but the degree of antagonism varied among lactobacillus isolates. In general, the inhibitory activity of lactobacillus isolates was shown against the Gram-negative indicator microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 12023, Escherichia coli NCTC 12923. The antibacterial activity was shown against the Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12973 indicator microorganism in nine isolates of lactobacilli. Only six isolates of lactobacilli showed antifungal activity against the test strain of Candida albicans NCPF 3179. Out of 13 isolates of lactobacilli, nine isolates of medium and high activity competed for binding to buccal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: The obtained isolates from traditional dairy products are considered to be promising candidates and competitive isolates with some probiotic potential. This study calls for further researches to be made in this area.

Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality in the winter season in rural areas of the Karaganda region in the vicinity of the Nura river

In present research article, we studied the environmental characteristics of groundwater and central water supply applied for drinking and economic activities in the village of Nura. Following standard methods, water samples were obtained in triplicate from randomly selected sites.As a result, a detailed assessment of groundwater quality was performed in the village of Nura, Karaganda region. It was found that groundwater is mainly contaminated with mushrooms. The test for the determination of TBC showed that bacteria were also found in water samples, in particular. The presence of coliform bacteria in groundwater samples was associated with poorly constructed septic tanks and the presence of many open landfills in the village. The results of the experimental data obtained from the study on counting bacterial colonies showed that at different points of sampling, the number of bacteria had different growth trends, but colony-forming bacteria were present in all samples. According to hydrochemical analyzes of water, it can be seen that the MPC is raised in the content of iron, BOD and sulfates. At the same time, it is recommended to improve the quality of water at the household level by chlorination, adding alum, filtration, disinfection and boiling. Key words: drinking water, water quality, bacterial contamination, groundwater, environmental characterization.

Strategic Territorial Development Management (on the Example of the Karaganda Region)

Strategic Territorial Development Management (on the Example of the Karaganda Region)

На пути к общественному развитию. Информационные технологии и ресурсы в высшем образовании

The evolution of social relations at the present stage requires teachers to work in the field of higher education to develop skills in using information resources and digital technologies. The intensity of communication in the information sphere determines the effectiveness of not only the learning process at the university, but also to a large extent, the secondary socialization of young people. The article deals with the problem of using information resources and digital technologies by teachers of Kazakh universities (on the example of the Karaganda region). The article is based on the data of a sociological survey (questionnaire survey) conducted at the universities of the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of information technologies and resources in the process of studying at universities and to develop practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of training. According to the results of the study, it has been found out that the development of the information and communication sphere in universities is influenced by "objective" and "subjective" factors. The first ones are connected with shortcomings in the technical support of the educational process, the second ones– with some teachers’ lack of awareness of the modern Internet resources in their professional field. The identified problems can be overcome with the help of measures aimed at increasing teachers' awareness of available information resources, increasing the speed of the Internet connection and general technical equipment of universities

Теміртау қаласы ауа алабының ластануының синоптикалық жағдайлары

Мақалада Қарағанды облысының Теміртау қаласының атмосфералық ауасының ластану жағдайы және атмосфераның ластану индексінің (АЛИ) динамикасы қарастырылған. АЛИ қаладағы негізгі 5 ластаушы заттар бойынша, яғни олардың ішінде: қалқыма бөлшектер, азот диоксиді, көміртек оксиді, фенол және аммиак заттарының концентрациялары арқылы есептелген. Автор Теміртау қаласының ауа алабының ластануының синоптикалық жағдайларын, яғни циклон және антициклон, жыра және жота сияқты барикалық құрылымдардың қала ауасындағы зиянды заттардың шекті мүмкіндік концентрацияларын, сақталу мерзіміне әсерін қарастырған. Сонымен қатар ауа алабының ластануына қолайлы метеорологиялық шамалар, әсіресе, ластаушы заттардың тасымалдануына себепші жел сияқты шаманың ластану мәселесіне әсері және ластануда трансшекаралық тасымалдауды ескеру мақсатымен оның берілген мерзім бойынша қаладағы бағытының қайталанушылығының диаграммасы ұсынылған. Мақала материалдарында арнайы берілген мерзім бойынша барикалық топография карталары, синоптикалық жер карталары пайдаланылып, оларға талдау жасалған. Мақалада карталардың талдауы бойынша арнайы мерзімдегі қала бойынша зиянды заттардың концентрацияларының үлкен мөлшерде жиналуына қолайлы синоптикалық жағдайлардың орын алу мәселесі және шарттары сипатталған. Зерттелген сұрақтар біздің еліміздің экологиясына, әсіресе Теміртау қаласы сияқты үлкен өндірістік кешені бар қалалардың экологиялық жүйесіне, оның ішінде атмосфералық ауаның сапалық жағдайына көз салатын, өткір жаһандық мәселелеріне назар аударатын жаратылыстану саласындағы мамандарға, саясаткерлер мен қоғам қайраткерлеріне қызығушылық танытады.

Composition of chemical elements in the biosubstrate (hair) of children of the Karaganda region

In the article we studied chemical elements in the hair of children as a form of environmental monitoring of metals in a given area, since one of the objective indicators of the ecological and hygienic well-being of a territory is the status of trace elements as the most sensitive part of the population, especially children. Many foreign scientific studies have shown that a hair sample is a good indicator of a negative technogenic impact on humans, and it is known that the unfavorable state of children characterizes the ecogeochemical features of the area, so we took into account the accumulation of trace elements in the hair. The study showed an increase in lead and cadmium and a decrease in zinc, copper and chromium.

Experimental assessment of the influence of dust from cities of the Karaganda region on the indicators of lipid peroxidation in bronchoalveolar lavage

The article discusses the changes in the cell after the experiment in the bronchoalveolar lavage. According to the results of the examination of rats with dust dusting of industrial cities of the Karaganda region (Karaganda, Temirtau, Balkhash, Zhezkazgan), methods of cytological analysis were used. Cytochemical methods were used for early detection of functional changes in the body's nonspecific defense against environmental factors. Experimental studies of the impact of urban dust in Karaganda, Temirtau, Balkhash and Zhezkazgan indicate the development of a general toxic effect in rats, manifested by changes in the cells of bronchoalveolar lavage, and a violation of the integrity of the cells was established.

MAIN INDICATORS OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KARAGANDA REGION)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the indicators of the territorial development of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the materials of the Karaganda region to maintain and develop new competitive types of economic activity in the region, contributing to national growth.Methodology – the methodological basis of the study is a system of various techniques that make up a complex of methods, mechanisms, principles, measures to improve the efficiency of the use of tools to create favorable conditions for the policy of territorial development.Research methods. Within the framework of the study, we used:- theoretical, including the analysis of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of regional and territorial development;- analysis of legislative and regulatory documents;- methods of mathematical modeling and forecasting using correlation and regression analysis;- method of graphical presentation of the results.Originality / value – the study is based on the hypothesis that there is a connection between the indicator of the volume of innovative products and the factors produced in the Karaganda region:- the volume of industrial production;- GRP;- shipped industrial products to residents in value terms;- GVA of small business;- GVA of medium-sized businesses.Findings – as a result of the analysis, the hypothesis put forward by the author was confirmed only for the factor "GVA of medium business", which is associated not only with the manifestation of the activity of enterprises in the Karaganda region, but also is the result of the regional innovation policy.

A new species of Xerobion Nevsky, 1928 (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea, Aphididae) from Kazakhstan, with a key to apterous viviparous females of the genus

A new species Xerobion ulytavicum Kadyrbekov sp. n. from host plant Galatella biflora is described from Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). New species differs from the most similar X. caspicae Bozhko, 1963 by the shape of the ultimate rostral segment, the ratio of the length of the siphunculi and the cauda (0.4–0.75 vs 0.7–1.0, respectively), the proportion of frontal setae to the diameter of the third antennal segment at the base (1.0–1.2 vs 0.7–1.0) and a hair on the trochanter of hind legs to the diameter of the trochanter-femoral suture (0.5–0.6 vs 0.25), as well as a host plant belonging to another genus. A key to apterous viviparous females of all known species of the genus Xerobion is given.

Evaluation of effectiveness of state management and physical fitness 
 in the region (on the example of the Karaganda region)

The article examines the level of physical fitness in the region. The relevance of the topic studied in the article is due to the strategic directions of development of physical culture, outlined in the President's Messages, as well as the changed conditions of functioning of sports facilities in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The development of the level of physical culture and sports is one of the priority areas of the regional administration. Every year, the number of participants in the region's sports and recreation events is growing. Acharacteristic feature of the state policy of the Karaganda region in the field of sports and physical culture is traditionally the implementation of a balanced approach to the development of physical culture and sports. One of the main tasks of the development of physical culture and sports is aimed at implementing one of the priority directions of the state policy in the field of physical culture and sports education of the population through the development of mass sports, high-performance sports and improving infrastructure. Some indicators of the level of physical fitness of the population of the Karaganda region are analyzed. In the final part of the article, the main problems of development of physical fitness of the population in the region are identified and a number of recommendations aimed at improving the level of physical fitness are proposed. The practical significance of the research results is determined by the fact that the implementation of the proposed recommendations will contribute to improving the level of physical fitness of the population.

Characteristics of the natural conditions of the Karaganda region

Karaganda region occupies the most elevated central part of the Kazakh hillocky area - Saryarka, which is a peculiar and geomorphologically heterogeneous, highly elevated natural country. The relief is complicated by shallow hummocks, river valleys, dry watercourses, holiows with outcrops to the surface of groundwater, closed basins, lake basins. The total area of the state forest fund on the territory of the Karaganda region is 269.6 thousand hectares. High temperatures and lack of rain in summer, the presence of vast steppe zones can lead to wildfires in July-September. Karaganda region is a large industrial center. Main industries: mining (mining of coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metal ores), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry. The share of processing enterprises accounts for 80.1% of industrial production.

П Р И М Е Н Е Н И Е Т Р Е Х М Е Р Н О Й С Е Й С М О Р А З В Е Д К И Д Л Я М О Д Е Л И Р О В А Н И Я Р У Д Н Ы Х З А Л Е

The article deals with the possibility of using seismic exploration in solving problems of ore geology in complex mining and geological conditions of Kazakhstan. The substantiation and characterization of geological and geophysical conditions for conducting experimental 3D seismic surveys at the deposits of the Zhilandinsky group of copper sandstones located in the Karaganda region of Central Kazakhstan are presented. The tasks are defined and the technique of conducting high-resolution 3D seismic exploration is developed, accompanied by modern processing and interpretation complexes for obtaining high-quality seismic materials for solving geological problems: studying the structural and tectonic structure of ore areas, identifying and refining ore-controlling structures, detecting and deep mapping of tectonic faults, volumetric mapping of intrusive massifs. The directions and technology of the process of modeling ore horizons and tracing them in space based on the results of a comprehensive interpretation of three-dimensional seismic exploration and geological and geophysical data, which will significantly increase the reliability coefficient of forecasting ore deposits, are indicated.

OBTAINING CARBON FIBERS BASED ON COAL TAR BY ELECTROSPINNING METHOD

This research discusses the use of coal-processing wastes of the Shubarkol Deposit (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan) to produce valuable materials such as carbon fibers. Annually «Shubarkol Komir» JSC alone produces up to 35,000 tons of coal tar as byproduct. In this experiment, mesophase pitch was obtained by coal tar heat treatment at 200 o C. By cracking mesophase pitch into the pieces with the addition of poly (methyl methacrylate) as fiber-forming material and 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, the spinnable solution was prepared. The elemental analysis of the mesophase pitch showed that the heat treatment up to 200 o C does not contribute to the full elimination of sulfur containing components that influence the forming of mesophase. From the Raman spectra of the pitch, the D peak appearance at ~ 1370 cm-1 and G peak at ~ 1600 cm-1 responsible for carbon products. Carbon fibers with an average diameter of 2.5-3.3 μm were obtained by electrospinning technique in laboratory settings.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF SPLITS AND STRESS - FREE ANIMAL HANDLING METHODS IN THE MTF OF KARAGANDA REGION

The article describes research work in the basic farms of the central region of Kazakhstan. All experimental work was carried out in the conditions of «Astra-Agro LTD LLP» and «Salem» farm in the Karaganda region. When using the split and the fixator, no stress-causing factors (judging by the relatively calm behavior of the animals) were observed, and the average daily milk yield in the experimental group of the Salem farm decreased by 0.400 liters. or by 3.1%, when in the control group there is a sharp decrease in the average daily milk yield within 1.6 liters or 12.4% of milk. According to the results of the control milking in the experimental group of Astra-Agro LTD LLP, the average daily milk yield decreased by 1.2 liters or 9.1% of milk, and in the experimental group it decreased by 0.200 liters or 1.6%. As a result of stress in cows of the control groups noticed a redness of the eyes, the pulse in animals too «Astra-agro LTD» increased by 34% and in KKH «Salem» 38% breath exceeded 35% in LLP «Astra-agro LTD» KH «Salem» 46% of the variance in body temperature was observed. In the experimental group, the pulse of animals exceeded by 9% in «Astra-agro LTD» LLP, in «Salem» farm by 14% and the respiration of cows in «Astra-agro LTD» LLP and in «Salem» farm by 14%, the body temperature also fluctuated within the normal range.

Delineation of burned arid landscapes using Landsat 8 OLI data: a case study of Karaganda region in Kazakhstan

In arid lands of Central Kazakhstan, fires commonly occur due to both man-made (e.g. space rocket launches) and natural factors. Remote sensing is the best method to identify burned landscapes and to assess their long-term dynamics. In this paper, we assessed total areas and seasonal features of fires using Landsat 8 OLI data of high spatial and temporal resolution, corrected for atmospheric effects. We defined data requirements, considered various spectral indices, and evaluated their suitability for automated delineation of burned areas. Spectral indices included special burn indices (NBRT, MIRBI, NBR, NBR2, BAI) and vegetation indices (MSAVI, MSAVI2, MTVI2, GEMI3) that allowed us to determine the boundaries and severity of fires indirectly based on the state of vegetation. Our study showed that burned areas were most accurately identified using indices of NBR2 (normalized burn ratio 2) and MSAVI2 (modified soil adjusted vegetation index 2). They were extracted using image segmentation and natural breaks classification methods. We have assessed MSAVI2 and NBR2 segmentation results with machine learning metrics, i.e. for Soyuz drop zone (landing area of rocket stages) precision of NBR segmentation equaled 99.5%, recall − 99.5%, accuracy − 98.5%. For Proton drop zone NBR segmentation precision equaled 99.3%, recall − 99.7%, accuracy − 99.4%. MSAVI2 results are less accurate. The accuracy of segmentation significantly depended on the vegetation state which was predetermined by the frequency and severity of previous fires within certain territory.

The Dynamics of Indicators of Industrial Injuries in Karaganda Region

The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of industrial injuries in Karaganda region for 2015-2019. Methods. The article analyzes the data on industrial injuries in Karaganda region for 2015-2019 years by the method of descriptive statistics, as well as the material consequences of accidents. Results. In Karaganda region, the number of victims in accidents related to labor activity per 100 thousand adult populations is 2.5 times, and the number of deaths is 2.2 times higher than the national indicator. Over the 5-year period, there has been a slight decrease in the number of work-related fatalities from 9.9% in 2015 to 9% for 2019. At the same time, there was a 1.2-fold increase in material costs. Conclusions. In Karaganda region for 2015-2019, the number of people injured at work decreased. Nevertheless, the level of industrial injuries remains quite high, indicating the need to improve the procedure of certification of production facilities on working conditions, as well as the regulatory framework on compliance with working conditions in the mining industry. Keywords: occupational injury rate, fatality rate, disability rate, Karaganda region, Kazakhstan

Комплекс Аксай-1 (к проблеме изучения древних антропоморфных изваяний и оленных камней Центрального Казахстана)

The article introduces the Aksai-1 complex of three “cult stones” (Aksai valley, Karaganda region, Kazakhstan), which includes an ancient anthropomorphic statue featuring a human face image at the top of a monolith, and a deer stone of the common Eurasian type. An analysis of the positioning relative to each other of these objects suggests that they were mounted together only randomly. The statue of the Aksai-1 complex is analogous to one of the two other large anthropomorphic statues found in the Aksai valley. That other statue is located at the Aksai burial ground near the barrow with stone ridges). The authors question the direct connection between this statue and the barrow with the stone ridges. The third Aksai anthropomorphic statue referred to as “Akbikesh” stands out not only for its huge size and a peculiar stylization of the face image, but also for the presence of additional details — rings pecked on the sides of the head. The question of the cultural and chronological attribution of the Aksai anthropomorphic statues remains unresolved. Their belonging to the same artistic tradition is also unclear. It can be assumed that the “menhir-like” shape bring these statues closer to the “cult stones” of the Late Bronze Age. The latter tradition, according to A. Z. Baysenov, continued in the Early Iron Age. The likelihood of their coexistence with deer stones cannot be excluded, anyway, this is possible for the case of “Akbikesh”, whose composition combine a face image and rings similar to the common attribute of deer stones.

Қазақстанда глаукомамен ауыратын науқастардың өмір сүру сапасын бағалау (Балқаш қаласы мысалында)

The purpose of the study: analysis and assessment of the quality of life of glaucoma patients in Kazakhstan on the example of Balkhash. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the municipal state institution (KSU) "Polyclinic No. 2" of the city of Balkhash, Karaganda region in the period from 2019 to 2020. The study involved 46 men and 74 women. The average age of the respondents was ≥64 years. To determine the quality of life of glaucoma patients, we conducted a questionnaire compiled by ourselves and the NEI VFQ-25 questionnaire. The respondents were conditionally divided into three groups: group 1-patients who receive only conservative treatment; group 2 – patients who underwent laser correction in parallel with conservative treatment; group 3-patients who, in addition to previous types of treatment, were operated on. Results. Among the comparison groups, the values of indicators of dependence on the help of others (23.7) and role difficulties (23.9) and social activity (81.6) were significantly lower in patients receiving only conservative treatment. In this group, along with the physical and mental components, it was found that the gap in visual indicators is up to 4 times. Conclusions. The results of the study show that in glaucoma patients receiving only conservative treatment, the quality of life is low compared to the control groups according to all indicators of the scales. A significant impact on the decrease in the quality of life of patients receiving conservative treatment is caused by the discomfort associated with regular use of drugs prescribed for glaucoma and their side effects. Keywords: gl

ДЕТИ ВОЙНЫ: БЕСПРИЗОРНОСТЬ И БЕЗНАДЗОРНОСТЬ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ В 1941–1945 гг. (по архивным документам)

In this article, the materials from the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the State Archives of the Karaganda Region are introduced in historical science and analyzed to shed light on children’s everyday life during the Great Patriotic War in Central Kazakhstan. The focus is on neglect, homelessness, and juvenile delinquency among children raised under the extreme conditions of the war, such as a sharp increase in the number of children either deprived of parental care or neglected and living in foster families. The new archival documents reveal the levels of homelessness, neglect, and juvenile delinquency in Central Kazakhstan as a whole and in its each region taken separately. The differences observed can be attributed to the specifics of the social structure of the population living there. The conclusion is made about the general effectiveness of the measures taken by various state structures and institutions, primarily the NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs) and the national education bodies. However, some problems remained unsolved due to the lack of financial and labor resources, as well as because of the difficulties in the organization of training and educational activities for children.