Karaganda Region Research Articles

Assessment of Water Regime, Management and Quality Analysis Based on Water Quality Indices – A Case of Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan

Assessment of Water Regime, Management and Quality Analysis Based on Water Quality Indices – A Case of Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan

Assessment of Atmospheric Air Quality in the Region of Central Kazakhstan and Astana

One of the main issues of environmental protection is the quality of atmospheric air. These problems are especially acute in industrialized regions, where the level of anthropogenic impact is increasing; in Kazakhstan, Central Kazakhstan belongs to such regions. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between diseases of the population and air pollutants from industrial sources. The research methodology was the use of ArcGIS tools and the construction of a correlation between two parameters: pollution and morbidity in the region. Analysis of mortality rates of the population by main classes of causes of death for 2017–2020 in the regional context in the Republic of Kazakhstan revealed that the mortality rate in 2020 increased by 20.2%. When analyzing the causes of death of the population, diseases associated with the negative impact of the environment were selected. It was noted that, in general, in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2020, there was a downward trend, but in the Karaganda region, in 2020, it increased by 8.7%. In Astana, this indicator also tended to decrease, but as a result, a very strong correlation was found between the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Astana and nitrogen dioxide pollution (Pearson index 0.95).

NEWCASTLE DISEASE IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS PSEUDOCUMA OF BIRDS

Newcastle disease is a serious infectious disease affecting the internal organs, nervous and respiratory systems. It is caused by paramyxovirus PMV-1 and has a large number of different strains that can cause various forms of the disease. These forms can sometimes "masquerade" as other diseases such as cholera, bronchitis, avian flu or laryngotracheitis. Newcastle disease can only be detected by an accurate diagnosis. Poultry of all ages and breeds are susceptible to the disease, but most often Newcastle disease is diagnosed in domestic chickens. Outbreaks of Newcastle disease are reported worldwide and can cause problems for large poultry farms. Although Newcastle disease does not directly affect humans, a flu-like condition can develop after contact with an infected person. Characteristic signs of Newcastle disease in birds include encephalitis, pneumonia and hemorrhage into internal organs due to their damage.The last outbreak of Newcastle disease in birds in the Republic of Kazakhstan was detected in the village of Akhmet in the Nurinsky district of the Karaganda region on October 4, 2023. On October 6, the Karaganda Regional Territorial Inspection of the Veterinary Control and Supervision Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture declared quarantine in rural areas.The study conducted in the Karaganda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan was aimed at studying the outbreak of Newcastle disease in poultry in the village of Akhmet in the Nurinsky district. During the study, veterinary and sanitary measures were carried out, including sampling for laboratory diagnostics, vaccination of livestock and the introduction of quarantine restrictions. The results of the study showed the high effectiveness of the measures taken to localize and eliminate the source of infection. The virus has been identified, which underlines the need for constant monitoring of the epizootic situation. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the expansion of vaccination programs and the strengthening of veterinary control at poultry farms to prevent the further spread of Newcastle disease.Despite the fact that Newcastle disease has been known to veterinarians for several years, no treatment method has yet been developed. However, the control of Newcastle disease in poultry can be achieved through isolation and quarantine of infected animals, vaccination programs, biosafety measures at livestock facilities, monitoring of animal movements and surveillance

CASES OF DETECTION OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN KARAGANDA AND ULYTAU REGIONS

The article presents data from our own research on the epizootic situation of tuberculosis in the Karaganda and Ulytau regions for 2021-2024. In 2024, two foci of cattle tuberculosis were identified in the Karaganda region, one of which in the Nurinsky district is the rural district of Akhmetauyly, KH "Kugabaev N." and the other in the Bukhar-Zhyrau district is the rural district of Kokpekty, LLP "Janat". Two foci of cattle tuberculosis were also identified in the Ulytau region, one of which is in the Zhana-Arkinsky district - the rural district of M. Zhumazhanov, KH "Dias" and one in the city of Karazhal - KH "Peshkovets". Based on a veterinary and sanitary examination of the carcasses and internal organs of the slaughtered animals, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed. The qualified conduct of allergic studies by animal veterinary specialists, as well as differential diagnosis of nonspecific tuberculin reactions, make it possible to accurately determine the epizootic situation of tuberculosis. Strict adherence to the instructions for the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis, along with the implementation of the developed veterinary and sanitary and organizational and economic measures, contributes to the improvement of the epizootic situation of tuberculosis. Ultimately, this leads to a reduction in the risk of tuberculosis among people

Вопросы реабилитации жертв политических репрессий в Акмолинской области (конец 1980-х–1990 гг.)

В статье рассмотрены вопросы реабилитации жертв политических репрессий в Акмолинской области. Область выбрана не случайно, так как она была одним из эпицентров и местом ссылки, депортаций, сталинских лагерей на территории Северного Казахстана. Жертвы террора многие годы ждали полной политической и юридической реабилитации. В конце 1980-х годов, затем после распада СоветскогоСоюза и в период обретения Независимости Казахстана в области началась масштабная работа по рассекречиванию документов силовых структур и по реабилитации жертв политических репрессий, в том числе депортированных и репрессированных народов. В настоящей работе представлена история политических репрессий Акмолинской области, дан краткий обзор по истории области, исследованаработа Прокуратуры Акмолинской области и Акмолинской областной администрации в деле реабилитации граждан, а также статистические материалы по данному вопросу. Отдельно показана деятельность председателя Ассоциации жертв незаконных репрессий Акмолинской области Гринева Владимира Михайловича. Авторы использовали архивные материалы Архива Президента РК, Государственного архива Акмолинской области и Государственного архива Карагандинской области, в томчисле источники о реабилитации республиканского масштаба в центральных архивах страны, партийные документы и статистические материалы Целиноградского обкома, а также документы Акмолинской областной администрации и личный Фонд председателя Ассоциации жертв незаконных репрессий Акмолинской области Гринева Владимира Михайловича, ответы на его письма в центральных архивах.

Обеспеченность услугами водоснабжения и водоотведения в Карагандинской области

В статье проведен анализ охвата услугами водоснабжения и водоотведения среди сельского и городского населения Карагандинской области, представлены данные по протяженности сетей и их техническом состоянии, также о эффективной работе сооружений системы водоотведения. Цель работы — изучить степень охвата услугами водоснабжения и водоотведения и их технического состояния среди сельского и городского населения Карагандинской области за период 2010–2020 годов. Ретроспективный анализ вторичных данных за10 лет, а именно формы «О работе водопроводных и канализационных сооружений в Республике Казахстан». Из 421 сельских населенных пунктов области 245 обеспечены централизованным водоснабжением (89,9 %), 166 — децентрализованным (9,9 %) и 8 — привозным (0,2 %). Охват централизованным водоснабжением в городских местностях области составляет 98 %, охват централизованным водоотведением 78,43 %. Протяженность водопроводных сетей в сельской местности имеет тенденцию к увеличению и составляет 80,5 %, система водоотведения также увеличилась на 81,2 %. В городской местности протяженность сетей осталась неизменной. Охват сельского населения центральным водоснабжением и водоотведением за исследуемый период значительно увеличился. Полученные результаты исследований указывают на то, что в настоящее время имеется значительная диспропорция между обеспеченностью населения централизованным водоснабжением и централизованным водоотведением. Техническое состояние сетей водоснабжения и канализации в сельской местности остается на неудовлетворительном уровне, что приводит к высоким потерям и ухудшению качества питьевой воды.

Analyzing the indicators of sustainable development of the regional economy

Subject. Finding a balance of methods for collecting and analyzing information in the field of sustainable development is an important scientific and practical task for individual countries and for the world community. The regional aspect of this issue is no less relevant in the light of the need for each State to develop mechanisms to ensure a balance of technological development, environmental and social components. Objectives. The study aims to design a methodology for analyzing indicators of sustainable economic development, the degree of its balance based on the materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Karaganda region. Methods. We employed general scientific methods of cognition. Results. Considering the Republic of Kazakhstan as a whole and the Karaganda region in particular, we can state the most successful development of the technological component. This indicates that new technologies and innovations are being actively introduced in the region, contributing to economic efficiency and competitiveness in the global market. The technological component development can contribute to improving the life of the population, increasing the level of education and competence of the workforce. However, sustainable development requires an integrated approach that includes technological, social, and environmental components. The study revealed that the lowest weight belongs to the ecological group of indicators in the integral indicator of sustainable development. Conclusions. To analyze the indicators of sustainable development of national and regional economies, we offer a methodological approach, consisting in consideration of management issues and identification of factors contributing to sustainable development and innovative entrepreneurship.

Morbidity analysis of verified cases of myasthenia gravis in central Kazakhstan

Introduction.Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that manifests itself as a syndrome of pathological muscle fatigue. Epidemiological studies show a change in the course of the disease due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The purpose of the study. Analysis of features of cohort of patients with myasthenia gravis in Central Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of case histories of 98 patients with myasthenia gravis treated from January 2020 to December 2022 in the neurological departments of Karaganda region (Central Kazakhstan) was carried out.Results. The ratio of men and women was 1:2.2. 46% of patients had onset of the disease aged 18 to 39 years. In the debut of disease, the ocular and generalized forms are presented in an equal ratio. Comorbidity prevails in the elderly. CT-signs of thymoma were detected in 23% of patients. All the studied patients received therapy with pyridostigmine bromide, glucocorticoids; cytostatic therapy – 1 patient; immunoglobulin G – 1 patient; there were no patients with therapy with monoclonal antibodies.Conclusions. There are gender and age characteristics, differences in the course of the disease and comorbidity in patients with myasthenia gravis in Central Kazakhstan, in comparison with other countries. Improvements are needed in the field of immunological diagnostics and, according to indications, the introduction of international treatment regimens.

New findings in the flora of Kazakhstan and Altai Territory

The authors proposed new data on the distribution of 6 species from the families Orchidaceae and Rosaceae, found on the territory of Kazakhstan and the Altai Territory. Of these, Listera cordata is a new species for Kazakhstan; Potentilla agrimonioides and P. × angarensis are reported for the first time for the Kazakh Uplands and the Karaganda Region; Orthurus heterocarpus is a new species for the Altai Mountain Country and the Abai Region, collected in Western Tarbagatai; Potentilla desertorum – an unexpected find for the flora of the Altai Territory, made in the Western Altai; Chamaerhodos altaica, rare in the Altai Territory and listed in the Red Data Book, has a second locality in this region. We attach photos of Listera cordata taken in nature in the new locus, as well as an image of the herbarium specimen of Potentilla agrimonioides.

Assessment of Soils of Mining Regions for the Content of Heavy Metals (On the Example of Akmola Region and the Northern Part of Karaganda Region)

The work is devoted to the assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals of the first hazard class in the territory of Akmola region and northern parts of the Karaganda region. In order to study the distribution of toxic elements in soils, we studied 20 soil samples taken in the Akmola and northern parts of the Karaganda region. We used atomic emission analysis, water extraction and analysis for the content of petroleum products. Atomic emission analysis made it possible to establish the presence of 29 elements in the soil of the object, two elements were revealed, lead and zinc, the content of which is close to or exceeds the MPC. The level of soil pollution was also determined by hazard and pollution indicators in the soils of the cities of Nur-Sultan and Karaganda by the content of five heavy metals: beryllium, lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium. According to the ecological and geochemical survey of the Akmola and northern parts of the Karaganda region, it was found that the soils of these regions can be classified as relatively hazardous in terms of danger. Recommendations are given on reducing and preventing soil pollution with heavy metals

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN: ISSUES OF INVOLVING THE POPULATION OF RURAL DISTRICTS

In modern developed countries, special attention is paid to the issues of power decentralization. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the formation of local self-government as a social institution is also underway. The involvement of citizens in this process contributes to a better solution of problems at the local level in accordance with the interests of the citizens themselves. The article substantiates the need for the participation of the rural population in local self-government. The main forms of participation of the inhabitants of rural districts in local self-government are described. The authors, based on the data of a sociological survey conducted in rural areas of the Karaganda region, analyzed the level of civic engagement in solving issues of local importance. In addition, the main results achieved so far in the issues of involving the rural population in participation in local self-government in Kazakhstan are identified. The main problems existing in this direction are revealed. The prospects for their solution are outlined.

INFLUENCE OF THE FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE QUALITY OF THE FEED IN THE KARAGANDA OBLAST

In the article, the authors present the results of assessing the quality and safety of feed in various districts of the Karaganda region. The following feed studies were carried out: organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators; the total toxicity and residual amount of heavy metal compounds were determined; the quality and safety of feed from various areas of the study area were assessed; organoleptic and physico–chemical indicators of animal feed were carried out; the dynamics of seasonal accumulation of residual amounts of heavy metal compounds in feed was also established.
 The following contaminants are most dangerous in feed: toxins of microorganisms (including fungi), toxic elements (heavy elements), antibiotics, pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, radionucleides.
 According to the ecological situation, the Karaganda region is one of the ecologically unfavorable territories of our country. This is due to the large concentration of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, energy complexes and other industrial objects, such as Arcelor Mittal Temirtau and Kazakhmys.
 From the atmosphere, toxic substances enter the soil and penetrate it directly or with precipitation.
 Therefore, the study of the influence of environmental factors on feed in the conditions of the Karaganda region is of great practical and theoretical importance.

Religious Orientations of Modern Kazakhstani Youth

The article examines the religious orientations of Kazakhstani youth in the context of modern life. Modern life is characterized by the growing role of religion in society and the strengthening of its influence on the consciousness, worldview, system of life values and religious orientations of young people. On the one hand, young people strive for self-determination and self-realization, and on the other hand, they face a situation of social uncertainty, forcing them to turn to religion. In this connection, the question arises, what are the true motives for turning young people to religion and how does it affect their behavior and life? The purpose of our work is to study the religious orientations of modern Kazakhstani youth. We conducted a survey “Religious orientations” according to the method of I.M. Bogdanovskaya among young people aged 16 to 28 years old living in the Karaganda region, which revealed that the main motive for turning young people to religion is “the search for an ideal and spiritual emptiness”. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the external religious orientation prevails over the internal religious orientation among modern Kazakhstani youth, that they treat religion not as a value, but as a means used in problem situations.

TASMOLA CULTURE: THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF PAINTS ON THE OBJECTS FROM BARROWS

In a modern study of the issues of Tasmola culture the settlement materials made it possible to begin the developing aspects of population economic activity. The work with materials from the settlements showed the need for a new approach concerning the barrow finds. Among them the grave goods with remains of paint have survived. In the previous period the use of paints among the Tasmola population did not become the subject of special studies.
 In 2013—2015 three burials were excavated on the territory of the Karaganda region: barrows 3 and 7 in the Baike 2 burial ground and barrow 4 in the Kiziltu 3 burial ground. All burials have been looted in antiquity. A bone hairpin was found in barrow 3 of the Baike 2 burial ground, a bone case was found in barrow 7, and a small stone altar was preserved in barrow 4 of the Kiziltu 4 burial ground. There are red paint residues on the side ledge and the top of the hairpin. Figures of 16 animals are carved on the surface of the bone case. The composition is made in the Saka animal style and painted with red and green paint. The oval stone altar has four legs. On the back side of this object, between the legs, remains of yellow-red paint have survived.
 According to the results of chemical (elemental) analysis these paints were obtained from mercury sulfide or cinnabar as well as ocher and malachite. The barrows belong to the early Saka period and date back to the 7th—6th centuries BC. The discovered burial mounds are made of earth and stone. The diameters of the mounds are 8.5—12.5 m, the height is 0.35—0.4 m. These mounds are undoubtedly the burial places of the ordinary population and are not related to aristocrats. The authors believe that these are the female burials. All these minerals were found in the depths of Kazakhstan and there is reason to believe that these paints were made locally. Paints from ocher, cinnabar and malachite have been known in different parts of the world since ancient times. The available materials show that starting from the early Saka period these paints were widespread among the population of Kazakhstan and the Sayan-Altai.

A SET OF TOPONYMS DEFINING THE FEATURES OF THE SOIL AND VEGETATION COVER OF THE SHET DISTRICT

The article considers a set of toponyms that determine the soil and vegetation cover of the Shet district of the Karaganda region. The patterns of distribution and the degree of manifestation of the association of phytonyms that characterize the landscape features of the territory by natural zones are determined. During the analysis of phytonyms, the names of relic juniper, pine, red birch, black alder, ash and ancient sites of these trees were identified, and the prerequisites for their restoration were created.

REGULARITIES OF THE PLACEMENT OF ORONYMS OF THE SHET DISTRICT

The article considers the system of oronyms that characterize the features of the terrain of the Shetsky district of the Karaganda region. The spatial patterns of distribution and concentration of the oronym system of the territory, which differ in various landforms, and the activity of orotermines in the toponyms were differentiated on the basis of actual data confirmed in tables and maps. The degree of expression of typical types of oronyms in geographical names was also determined on the basis of landscape features, and etymological studies were conducted.

Sociocultural Aspect of Functioning of Toponymic Legends in Central Kazakhstan (Expeditions Materials 2012, 2017)

The article is devoted to the problem of existence and analysis of the current state of legends and toponymic legends of Central Kazakhstan. The material was the texts recorded by the authors on expeditions to the Karaganda region in 2012 and 2017. The current state of the folklore of Central Kazakhstan is marked by the functioning of certain genres: legends, wedding poetry, proverbs, toponymic legends. The main layer of the functioning of folklore samples falls on legends and toponymic legends. It is concluded that the Kazakh legends are characterized by a specific informative function. The main plot-forming component is the character, around which all the material is united, the plots themselves, as a rule, are single-motive, do not contain fantastic elements and are designed as a narration about the recent past. The paper notes that toponymic legends explain the names of localities and are associated, as a rule, with the names of famous people. The specificity of the names is the use of speaking names or similarity with natural phenomena. The authors argue that the active functioning of folklore samples indicates a favorable folklore situation and the prospects for further research on the sociocultural aspect of Kazakh non-fairytale prose.

Frequency of rs2228570 single nucleotide polymorphism of Vitamin-D Receptor (VDR) gene among the Kazakh ethnic group

The article presents the results of the study of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene rs2228570 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and individual alleles frequency among the Kazakh ethnic group representatives living in the Karaganda region. This SNP was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan technology. The study relevance is due to the fact that genetic variations in rs2228570 affect the synthesis of the VDR protein and its activity as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes. This mechanism determines the association of individual rs2228570 genotypes or alleles with susceptibility, course, and outcomes of various diseases. The polymorphism frequency may be depending on ethnicity. According to the study results, the most common genotypes of rs2228570 SNP among the Kazakhs were AG (32.8 %) and GG (25.2 %). The rarest are homozygotes TT (1.7 %) and CC (0.8 %). The frequency of all rs2228570 alleles was detected simultaneously in the present study for the first time. G became the predominant allele (51.3 %), less common was A (31.0 %), and the C and T alleles were the rarest (11.8 % and 5.9 %, respectively). The potential value of this SNP further study as a possible factor influencing the body’s susceptibility to various diseases, including COVID-19, is shown.

Powdery mildews fungi of trees of Karaganda, Balkhash and Temirtau cities

Karaganda region is a major industrial center of our country. In such cities of the region as Karaganda,Temirtau and Balkhash there are large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, construction, chemical JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, JSC “Temirtau Electrometallurgical Combine”, LLP “Ecominerals”, JSC “CentralAsia Cement”, “Agat-Service” LLP, JSC “Kazakhstan Invest Comir”, LLP “Kazakhmys Corporation”, LLP “MMC Kazpolymetal”, Metal-Kit Karaganda, LLP “Mining and Metallurgical Combine”, Nonferrous metals processing plant, etc. All technogenic factors lead to a decrease in plant productivity and often to their death. The dynamics of seasonal development of phytopathogenic fungi depends on meteorological conditions. Changes in the dynamics of factors corresponding to the season of the year occur in the habitat of the species. Phytopathogenic fungi also directly depend on their own host-plants, the conditions of their development and the growing season. The article presents information about the types of powdery fungi affecting various types of trees growing in parks and squares of the cities of Karaganda, Balkhash, Temirtau. 4 species of trees affected by powdery mildew were analyzed. And during the study, the following types of phytopathogenic fungi were identified at various stages of development: Uncinula aceris Sacc., Microsphaera betulae Magnus, Microsphaera penicillata (Wallroth.) Leveille, Uncinula salicis Winter f. populorum Rabenhorst. Phytopathogenic fungi of trees growing in parks and squares of the industrial cities of Temirtau and Balkhash were studied for the first time.

Исследование анатомического строения надземных органов катальпы прекрасной 1-го года вегетации

Woody-shrub vegetation has a key role in greening the urban environment. The excellent decorative qualities of the catalpa are important when choosing a woody plant for introduction in the conditions of the Karaganda region. Seedlings for a particular region must be grown locally to improve their adaptive properties. For a more complete study of the biological features of the species, an anatomical study of young catalpa plants was carried out. It was found that the leaf of the catalpa of the dorsal-ventral type, the stomata of the diacytic type, the cells of the epidermis with winding walls, trichomes and essential-oil glands are located on it; the petiole of the leaf is rounded in shape, with well-developed mechanical tissues around conductive bundles. On the internal structure of the stem and root, the beginning of the formation of cork tissue and the transition to a non-bundle type of structure of the conductive system is observed. In general, the structure of the catalpa is excellent evidence of the mesoxerophyte structure of the plant, which shows its demands on humidification conditions. Leaves are light type, that is, plants when planning green construction must be placed in areas with sufficient lighting. The results obtained will be supplemented by the study of anatomical indicators of plants of subsequent years of development