Kano Metropolis Research Articles

Seasonal dynamics in relation to groundwater quality in Sharada industrial area of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

This study examined the seasonal dynamics in relation to groundwater quality in the Sharada industrial area of the Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. The study samples were collected from groundwater within 500 m distance from industries and residences within the study area. The study samples for the dry season were collected in January, February and March of 2021 while the wet season samples were collected in July, August and September of the same year (2021). At each sampling point, samples were taken in triplicate (n=3) to ensure that the results obtained were free from bias. The physical, chemical, biological, and heavy metal characteristics of the samples collected were analysed at the laboratory of the Centre for Dryland Agriculture Bayero University with the use of standard APHA procedures. The results of the water samples were further analysed with mean, standard deviation, and correlation. The results of the analysis revealed that the concentration of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), total dissolvable solid (TDS), chlorine (Cl), and sodium (Na) in groundwater of Sharada Industrial area are high during the wet season while the concentrations level of total suspended solid (TSS), calcium (Ca), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Fecal coliform (F.coli) are high during the dry season. Despite the fact that there are more parameters that have higher concentration than permissible limits during the wet season, the dry season was characterised by a higher relationship among water parameters than during the wet season. This led to the conclusion that seasonal differences in groundwater level influence the concentration level and relationship among water parameters in Sharada industrial area. Hence, the water in the Sharada industrial area needs to be treated differently during the wet and dry seasons before consumption.

Serological survey of Brucella infection in horses in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with worldwide distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serological prevalence of brucellosis in horses within Kano Metropolis. A total of 328 serum samples were collected for the study. Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) was conducted on all the samples while the Serum Agglutination Test with EDTA (SAT-EDTA) was conducted on the mRBPT-positive samples. The prevalence of brucellosis in horses within the Kano metropolis was found to be 24.09 % (79/328) and 11.89 % (39/328) with mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the seropositivity by the tests used. From the study, 37 (23.27%) out of the 159 mares were seropositive for Brucella antibodies using mRBPT while 16 (43.24 %) were positive using SAT-EDTA. Similarly, of the 169 stallions, 38 (22.4 %) were positive using mRBPT and of these 22(57.89 %) were further positive by using SAT-EDTA. Unlike the age and use of the horses; location, sex, and breed were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence rate obtained in the study using mRBPT P<0.05. This study showed that Brucella antibodies were circulating in the horses in the study area. Further study is recommended to determine the Brucella species circulating in these horses, particularly that brucellosis is zoonotic with serious public health significance. There is also the need to examine the horse owners and grooms for possible Brucella antibodies because equine brucellosis has serious public health significance.

Emergency Response Demand and Supply: A GIS-Based Network Analysis for Fire Station’s Service Coverage Delineation in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Inadequate fire emergency response infrastructure and a lack of defined service coverage remain key barriers to timely fire disaster response. This study is applied research which employed geospatial techniques and aimed at examining fire disaster emergency response demand and supply relationships with the view to delineating service coverage and locating more facilities for optimum coverage in Kano metropolis. Locations of the existing fire stations and fire incidents (2009-2019) were gathered through GPS surveying. Network data set were generated. Nearest Neighbor and Network Analysis (origin-destination, service coverage and location-allocation) were conducted to determine emergency response demand and supply relationships, service coverage area delineation and identifying best site for allocating new facilities within the metropolis respectively. It was found that no clearly defined service coverage exist as emergency response supply takes more than 4-8 times the NFPA travel standard, and with a great deal of overlapping response patterns. New service coverage areas were proposed and best sites for 8 firefighting facilities identified for optimum coverage. It is concluded that emergency fire disaster response demand and supply relationships within Kano metropolis is imbalanced, with extensive recurrent demand especially within the core area served by overstretched and inefficient response supply. This, therefore, implies continuous exposure of lives and properties to the menace of fire disaster in Kano metropolis.
 Keywords: Fire Facilities; Location-allocation; Response Demand; Response Supply; Service Coverage
 
 Copyright (c) 2023 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Spatial analysis, sources, and categories of e-waste clusters in developing countries: kano metropolis case study

Spatial analysis, sources, and categories of e-waste clusters in developing countries: kano metropolis case study

Micro-Economic Analysis of the Drivers of Under-Five Mortality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Nigeria is among the major countries contributing a significant quarter to death of children under the age of five in the world. This study was designed to analyze the drivers of child mortality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Survey data was used, sourced via a structured questionnaire. Simple percentage and Negative Binomial Poisson Regression Model were used in the analysis of the data. It was found that education level of the household head, years of marriage experience, income level of the household, location, and vaccine are the significant drivers of child mortality in the study area. The results further revealed that, education level, years of marriage experience and location negatively influence under-five child mortality, while income of the household head and vaccine influence the under-five mortality of the household positively. The study recommends that, government should subsidize medical services and made it affordable to all individuals in the State, and that both government, NGOs and health institutions should embark on public enlightenment to educate the public on the importance of vaccines, natal care, and nutrition.

Micro-Economic Analysis of the Drivers of Under-Five Mortality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Micro-Economic Analysis of the Drivers of Under-Five Mortality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED EFFECT OF SCHOOL-BASED PLANNING (SBP) ON CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT IN KANO METROPOLIS SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA

This study investigates the teachers’ perceived effect of School-Based Planning (SBP) on chemistry achievement in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Having adopted a descriptive survey design, 2,267 teachers of the 176 schools selected constituted the study population. Three hundred and forty teachers (340) Chemistry teachers were sampled via the multistage sampling technique, using the Taro Yamane (1980)’s formula of sample size determination. The researchers’ designed instrument entitled; Teachers’ Perception of SBP on Chemistry Achievement (TPSBPCA) was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by 3 experts in: Science Education, Educational Administration and Planning, as well as Test and Measurement respectively. The reliability coefficient of the instrument “r” was established to be 0.88 using the Test-re-test method and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficients (PPMCC). Simple percentage was used to answer research questions. The t-test of independent variables was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05-level of significance. The study revealed that irrespective of gender, school types and location, there is a positive teachers’ perception of SBP in Students’ Academic Achievement Chemistry in the selected secondary schools in Kano State. It is hereby recommended that SBP should be integrated into the teacher's training programme to enhance the implementation of Chemistry Curriculum towards academic achievement.

Adaptive Changes in the Working Environment of Community Pharmacists during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Kano Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria.

Background: Rapid spread of COVID-19 and the resultant strict access to conventional hospitals forced the public to turn to community pharmacies being the most accessible points of primary healthcare, thus overloading the pharmacy services. This study aims to assess the coping strategies and adaptive changes in the work environment of community pharmacists in Kano Metropolis, NorthWestern Nigeria during the lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out across selected community pharmacies within Kano Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria. A non-probability (convenience) sampling was used in this study. Convenience sampling also known as availability sampling, here units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are easiest for the researcher to access. The survey retrieved relevant data from the participants, including socio-demographic data and changes in the work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown periods. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 97 licensed pharmacists responded to the survey. Majority of the pharmacists (73.2%) reported increased workload, caused mostly by more prescriptions, and higher demand for safety equipment, antiseptics, and disinfectants. Moreso, 79.4%, reported higher stress levels during the pandemic as compared to the pre-pandemic era. About 89.9% of participants reported adjusting their working conditions to include the use of facemasks as protective equipment which is available in sufficient quantities as reported by 61.9% of pharmacists. The pandemic and subsequent lockdowns aroused concerns in the majority of participants (90.7%) for their health and that of their families. This prompted majority of the community pharmacists (92.7%) to suggest that pharmacists should be authorized to independently renew prescriptions of patients with stable chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, 91.8% supported the idea that pharmacists should be authorized to participate in the COVID-19 immunization process to widen coverage. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increased workload and altered working conditions of community pharmacists in Kano metropolis of North-Western Nigeria. This prompted pharmacists to professionally re-strategize to accommodate such an increased workload despite being frontline healthcare providers in the healthcare system.

Clinico-serological studies of Brucella infection of horses in Kano metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria

This study aimed at determining the clinico-serological status of brucellosis among horses in Kano, Kano State Nigeria. Four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were selected from Kano metropolis based on convenience and owner’s consent. A total of 328 horses, comprising ceremonial, polo and racing breeds, were used for the study. Clinical signs of brucellosis and vital parameters of the horses were documented. Blood samples were collected and the sera were subjected to modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) for detection of Brucella antibody. Positive samples were further screened using Serum Agglutination Test with EDTA (SAT-EDTA). The 2-Mercaptoethonol Test (2-MET) was used to determine the forms (acute or chronic) of Brucella infection. A total of 79 (24.09 %) horses had seropositivity for Brucella infection using mRBPT. The result was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Of these 79 horses, 27 (34.18 %) were having mild infection while 12 (25.19%) others were severe. However, based on forms of brucellosis, it was inferred that out of the 39 horses that were positive for SAT-EDTA, 17 (43.59%) had acute form while 22 (56.41%) had chronic infection. From the study, it was evident that horses in Kano Metropolis had Brucella infection and this has far reaching public health implications. One of the limitations of this study was gaining free access to horse stables and insufficient funds. There is therefore, need to educate horse owners, grooms and the general public on the zoonotic implications of brucellosis. Regular surveillance should be conducted to establish the true prevalence of equine brucellosis in Nigeria.

Lymphatic filariasis knowledge, attitude and practice among households in Kano metropolis North-Western Nigeria

Common to most neglected tropical diseases worldwide is little published data of knowledge, attitude and practice of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in regions where the disease is endemic, despite the fact that such data is needed for preparations and plans for integrated management and control of the diseases. A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaire was conducted to assess; demography, socio-economic information, household knowledge, attitude and practice on LF in Kano metropolis North-western Nigeria. A total of 400 respondents participated in the study; 247 were males and 157 females aged 18-78 years. The study confirms the presence of LF in the study area with 33% of the participants mentioning to have seen people infected with LF in the metropolis. Although, 43% of the participant have heard about LF, only 15.6% mentioned mosquitoes as vectors while 72.0% had no idea how it is transmitted. Some of the respondents believed that it is transmitted through; the use of contaminated water (8.4%), drug abuse (1.2%) and Tsetse fly bite (1.2%). Pearson Chi-square test reveals knowledge of LF among participants to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with age rather than level of education. However, 99.6% used variety of methods to control mosquitoes. Elusive data and paucity of knowledge are threats to control of infectious disease as such it is necessary they are addressed through; creating awareness, research and publications.

A Typology for Urban Landscape Progression: Toward a Sustainable Planning Mechanism in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

The significance of urban landscapes in the current era of concern for a sustainable built environment can never be overemphasized. The study explores the landscape features and typologies of some urban environments within Kano to understand the management effectiveness of urban landscapes in the Kano metropolitan area. At least two wards were purposively selected each from the eight metropolitan local government areas due to their urban landscape and land use. Focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were carried out through with prominent elders and “Masu Unguwanni” (village/ward heads) of each of the sampled wards as well as direct assessments of their physical characteristics to justify the general landscape progression in support of documentation for the present and future generation. The study unveils the layout typology, the scenic points and the ecological and cultural landscapes in the sampled districts. It further reveals that the historic urban forms in Kano are degrading with time, or rather not following the course of sustainability, as the physical surroundings satisfy the immediate needs of the communities. However, the study suggests increasing the awareness of Kano’s urban landscape preservation and the 2011 UNESCO proposal implementation on Historic Urban Landscapes (HUL). Then, the study discourages unhealthy developments within Kano Metropolis and the entire state. It also recommends landscape architects be part and parcel of planning schemes for controlling and regulating urban development via the formal practice of land allocation, land acquisition, building codes, design, planning and construction.

Evaluation of Cyto-Genotoxicity of Pharmaceutical Industrial Effluent in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria, Using Allium Cepa L. Assay

ABSTRACT
 An Allium cepa root cells assay was used to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on Pharmaceutical industrial effluent in Kano Metropolis. An industrial effluent's physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal composition were assessed, and the readings were found to be higher than the required levels, demonstrating that it had not been treated before disposal. A set of 45 onion bulbs were grown for 96 hours in pharmaceutical effluent that included 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (v/v), with distilled water serving as the control. All three root tips from each replication's treated bulbs were plucked at 96 hours and prepared for cytogenetic analysis using the aceto-carmine squashed procedure. At higher doses of industrial effluents, the root tips were highly cytotoxic, and their growth was strongly retarded. Exposure to the effluents inhibited root growth with an EC50 value of 6.3%. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference (P 0.05) in the average root growth of Allium cepa subjected to various pharmaceutical effluent concentrations. Mitosis Index (MI) rapidly reduced when effluent concentrations rose compared to control, whereas mitotic inhibition rose with rising effluent concentrations compared to controls. The pharmaceutical effluent triggered chromosomal abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells, particularly sticky chromosomes, Binucleated cells, and Bridge chromosomes being most commonly seen at lower doses of 2.5%. It was discovered that the compounds present in effluent might harm living things and, if left untreated, could poison the environment. Industrialists need to be legally required to switch their operations to environmentally friendly technology after it was determined that industrial effluents pose an environmental danger and can result in a number of human illnesses.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Physicochemical Parameters of Water Quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

The study assessed the spatiotemporal variations on physicochemical parameters in three different locations in Kano metropolis which are: Urban Centre (UC), Effluent Location (EL) and Non-Effluent Location (NEL). They were purposefully selected in the Metropolis where 360 borehole water samples were collected from 120 points during dry and wet season over two seasons. Samples were taken to laboratory and determined the concentrations of the physicochemical parameters in accordance to American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998 & 2005). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and student T-test for the analysis of the variability between spatial, temporal and significant variations at 0.05% confidential level were the statistical analysis employed. Findings showed that parameters such as pH, EC, TDS and NO3 recorded high concentration at the UC and EL above the WHO guidelines and NSDWQ standard during wet season while moderate results were recorded at the NEL. The paired borehole water during wet and dry seasons at each location statistically showed significant variations at P = .05 while ANOVA showed that the Electrical conductivity F(2, 3) = 10.379, P = .047, Total Dissolved Solid F(2, 3) = 11.094, P = .03 and Nitrate F(2, 3) = 18.290, P = 0.41 showed that there were significant variations. The study recommends efficient means of wastewater treatment, municipal wastes management, public enlightenment and enforcement of environmental laws in order to have a clean drinking water in all locations of the Metropolis in line with SDG 6.

CONSUMER PREFERENCE ANALYSIS AND DEMAND FOR MEAT IN KANO METROPOLIS: A HEDONIC MODEL APPROACH

This study examined consumer preference and demand analysis for meat in Kano metropolis. Primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire, a total of one hundred and fifty 158 member of household was selected for this study. It was revealed that majority (72.2%) of consumers earns monthly income of N15, 000-N55, 000. Hedonic regression for meat attributes affecting Price shows that meat flavour (Good) was the reference group while meat with bad flavour was entered as dummy variables and the result shows that meat with good flavour was statistically significant at (P< 0.05) with positive coefficient implying that for any unit increase in these variables, buyers would be willing to pay premium because they showed higher significant buyer preference level, results also shows that meat with good taste was statistically significant at (P< 0.05) with positive coefficient this implying that meat with good taste are point of interest for the consumers and they are ready to pay high premium to buy the commodities with this attributes. It was revealed that amount of fat (high ) was found to be statistically significant with a negative coefficient, implying that meat with low fat is more preferable and are selling at higher prices in the study area. Low income of consumer was the highest constraints associated with meat consumption in the study area, with a mean rank of 3.01, followed by high selling price with the mean rank of 3.63 and food safety with 4.20.

Concentration and Comparison of Groundwater Quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

The paper examined the concentrations of heavy metals and microbial parameters in groundwater and were compared to World Health Organisation (WHO)guidelines and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality standard. A total of 800 boreholes and wells water samples were purposefully and systematically collected in the metropolis and subjected to laboratory analysis where mean concentration values of Cadmium, Chromium, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Copper, Manganese, Total Coliform count and Escherichia coli were determined in line with APHA 1998 standard procedures. The T- test statistical analysis, p<0.05 results showed that there were high and low significant variations between the concentrations values of heavy metals with WHO and NSDWQ permissible limits especially during wet season while microbial parameters only showed high significant variations except Zinc, Mercury, and Arsenic recorded no significant differences. The study therefore drew inference that wastewater and geomorphic processes contribute significantly to groundwater contaminations in the metropolis and recommends public education and enlightenment, strong legislation, provision of standard water treatment plants, adoption sustainable environmental concepts, attitudinal change, good drainage system should strictly be adhered to in order to harness good drinkable water potentials.

Cash Waqf Acceptance Among Entrepreneurs in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Cash waqf was introduced as an alternative for individuals who do not have an immovable asset but rather have the cash to donate as waqf. It can be observed, however, that Muslims in Kano State narrow their perception of waqf only to be in the form of a kind but not in cash. It is to say that public awareness and understanding of cash waqf are insignificant. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors influencing the intention to accept cash waqf among entrepreneurs in the Kano metropolis with particular reference to Singer Market. The study employed partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and was theoretically guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Structured survey questionnaires were administered to 379 respondents whom were registered entrepreneurs in Singer Market based on a convenience non-probability sampling technique. Descriptive statistics using charts and tables were employed to analyze the demographic information, while data collected from the respondents were analyzed utilizing AMOS, version 21. The study uncovered that perceived behavioral control and religiosity significantly influenced the intention to accept cash waqf among entrepreneurs in Singer Market in Kano Metropolis, while awareness and attitude did not. This paper recommends that the management of the Kano State Zakat and Hubsi Commission (KSZHC) should establish sensitization programs to create awareness and promote cash waqf for the public to mobilize more potential waqf donors in the state.

Age-appropriate vaccination and its determinants among children <24 months in Kano, Nigeria

Background: Administration of vaccines at recommended ages and according to recommended intervals between doses of multi-dose antigens provides optimal protection, ultimately reducing the possibility of propagating the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. A sizable discrepancy in the median age at vaccination has been shown in Nigeria. This study assessed age-appropriate vaccination and related factors among children aged 0–23 months attending immunization clinics in the Kano metropolis. Materials and Methods: An adapted and pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from a cross-section of 384 pairs of mothers/babies who presented to the immunization clinics of selected primary health centers within Kano metropolis. Results: The median ages at vaccination were 13, 49, 91, 122, and 282 days for BCG, pentavalent-1, pentavalent-2, pentavalent-3, and measles antigens, respectively. Proportions of children who had received age-appropriate vaccines were 83.8%, 81.6%, 64.9%, 60.4%, and 40.3% for BCG, pentavalent-1, pentavalent-2, pentavalent-3, and measles vaccinations, respectively. Children who were 4 months or older were 80% less likely to be age-appropriately vaccinated compared to those 3 months or younger (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–0.7). Furthermore, children with a previous experience of an adverse event following immunization were 50% less likely to be age-appropriate for the index vaccination (aOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9). Conclusion: Many children in the Kano metropolis were not age-appropriately vaccinated. The measles vaccine had the least proportion of age-appropriately vaccinated children. Sensitization and health education of caregivers on timely vaccination cannot be overemphasized.

Determining the Concentration Level of Air Pollutants Related to Road Traffic in Kano Metropolis

The problem of road traffic-related air pollutants is universal. Traffic air pollution usually occurs on roads and mainly at intersections which significantly affects the air quality of such areas. The research aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between road transport air pollutants and temperature conditions on climate modification in the study area, which might perfect environmental sustainability. The study was best designed on field Experimentation to assess the spatiotemporal emission levels and analyses the implications of road Vehicular traffic-related air pollutants Concentration (such as, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen Sulphide and Methane gas) on Kano weather conditions (precisely Temperature) in 15 selected sample sites or locations, the measurements of pollutants Concentration, temperature level were carried out using the instruments called a Crowcorn gas detector, field thermometer were used together with the help of 5 research assistants. presents the periodic concentration levels of CH4 (methane) in relation to road traffic in different time periods: afternoon, evening, and morning, categorized into three concentration levels: high, medium, and low. The table provides various statistical measures to describe the distribution of methane concentrations within each category. High Concentrations in the afternoon reveal an average mean methane concentration is 0.20. The coefficient of variability, which measures the dispersion of the data points around the mean, is 46.06%. The skewness of 1.19 implies a moderately positively skewed distribution. The kurtosis of 1.38 indicates a distribution with a peak slightly higher than a normal distribution and a moderate presence of outliers. These findings could inform air quality management and monitoring efforts in Kano Metropolis. If temperature is consistently correlated with higher CO and CH4 levels, authorities may need to consider seasonal variations and temperature-related interventions when addressing air quality issues.

Combatting Almajiri System in Nigeria: Public Knowledge and Perception on the Role of Communication

This investigated contributions that an amalgam of communication genres could play in combating the age-long trade, pseudo, religious practice known as almajiranci or Tsangaya system in North-West Nigeria. The study draws insight from the fact that the conservative attitude among residents of Kano has limited the influence of the various media used to advocate for radical reorientation and behavioural change in the study area. Chief among the objectives of the study was to find out if the residents knew about the problem, to what extent, causes whether or not the residents knew the role of communication as a factor that could combat the menace. The communication function theory foregrounds the study. It utilised the mixed methods design where qualitative and quantitative data were generated using interviews and copiesof the questionnaire. Six(6) respondents were interviewed in the first phase of the research. In the second phase, four hundred (400) copies of the questionnaire were administered across the six local governments that made up the Kano metropolis, namely Kano Municipal, Fagge, Nassarawa, Dala, Tarauni and Kumbotso, using a combination of purposive and quota sampling. The study found that the residents had high knowledge of the existence of Almajiranchi practice, they mentioned poverty, illiteracy, love of Islamic scholarship, divorce, and the quest for self-discipline as some of the reasons for the prevalence of the practice and they perceived communication, especially the mixed-communication genre/integrated genre, as having the suitability for combatting the menace. Itwas therefore recommended that parents prioritise the well beings of their children and also call for the need to involve communication professionals in designing messages that are geared towards attitude change.

Relationship between Urban Growth and Water Pollution: Experience of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Relationship between Urban Growth and Water Pollution: Experience of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria