Spatiotemporal Variations of Physicochemical Parameters of Water Quality in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

The study assessed the spatiotemporal variations on physicochemical parameters in three different locations in Kano metropolis which are: Urban Centre (UC), Effluent Location (EL) and Non-Effluent Location (NEL). They were purposefully selected in the Metropolis where 360 borehole water samples were collected from 120 points during dry and wet season over two seasons. Samples were taken to laboratory and determined the concentrations of the physicochemical parameters in accordance to American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998 & 2005). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and student T-test for the analysis of the variability between spatial, temporal and significant variations at 0.05% confidential level were the statistical analysis employed. Findings showed that parameters such as pH, EC, TDS and NO3 recorded high concentration at the UC and EL above the WHO guidelines and NSDWQ standard during wet season while moderate results were recorded at the NEL. The paired borehole water during wet and dry seasons at each location statistically showed significant variations at P = .05 while ANOVA showed that the Electrical conductivity F(2, 3) = 10.379, P = .047, Total Dissolved Solid F(2, 3) = 11.094, P = .03 and Nitrate F(2, 3) = 18.290, P = 0.41 showed that there were significant variations. The study recommends efficient means of wastewater treatment, municipal wastes management, public enlightenment and enforcement of environmental laws in order to have a clean drinking water in all locations of the Metropolis in line with SDG 6.