Kamchatka Krai Research Articles

Shrinking suitable habitat of a sub-Arctic foundation kelp under future climate scenarios.

Climate change has profound effects on the distribution of kelp forests in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. However, studies on the responses of kelps to climate change, particularly along the sub-Arctic regions of the Alaska coast, are limited. Eualaria fistulosa is a foundational kelp species in the Aleutian Islands, with an east-west distribution that extends from Japan to southern southwest Alaska. In this study, we utilized a species distribution model (SDM) to explore changes in the future habitat suitability of E. fistulosa under contrasting Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. Our model exhibited relatively high predictive performance, validating our SDM predictions. Notably, the SDM results indicate that minimum sea surface temperature, annual range in sea surface temperatures, and annual mean current velocities are the three most important predictor variables determining E. fistulosa's distribution. Furthermore, the projected geographic distribution of Eualaria is generally consistent with its observed occurrence records. However, under high emission scenarios (SSP5-8.5), E. fistulosa is predicted to contract its distribution range by 9.0% by 2100, with widespread disappearance along the southeast Alaskan coast and limited northward migration to Kamchatka Krai in Russia and Bristol Bay in Alaska. These findings contribute valuable insights for conservation strategies via addressing climate-induced alterations in sub-Arctic kelp distribution.

Geometrids (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve and other natural areas of the Kamchatka Peninsula

An overview of geometrid moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve is presented. Additionally, materials from the Bystrinsky and Nalychevo Nature Parks, the Yuzhno- Kamchatsky and Kol River protected natural areas, as well as from the Bering Island (Commander Islands National Park). An annotated list has been compiled, including 79 species, of which Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758) and Scotopteryx chenopodiata (Linnaeus, 1758) are listed for the fi rst time for Kamchatka. Seventy species have been recorded in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, 39 of which are new to the reserve. About 80% of geometrid moth species known on the peninsula inhabit the reserve. For all 79 species, we provided data on the collected material, distribution in the reserve and Kamchatka Krai, relative abundance, food plants for caterpillars and other ecological features.

General Analysis of the Ethnolinguistic Situation in Kamchatka Krai in the Context of Language Legislation and Statistical Data

General Analysis of the Ethnolinguistic Situation in Kamchatka Krai in the Context of Language Legislation and Statistical Data

New data on the flora and vegetation of the Olyutorsky District, Koryak Region (Kamchatka Krai): rare and endangered species and rare plant communities

New data on the flora and vegetation of the Olyutorsky District, Koryak Region (Kamchatka Krai): rare and endangered species and rare plant communities

ОТРАЖЕНИЕ В ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОГРАММАХ СУБЪЕКТОВ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА СПЕЦИФИКИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The main ideas of the regional environmental policy are presented in the programmes «Environment Protection». These programs accumulate the tasks, which solution ensures the achievement of environmental targets in the outlines of the socio-economic development of a particular territory. The hypothesis of the current research states that the raw material specialization of the economic development of the Far Eastern Federal district has an impact on the solution of the targets identified in the environmental programs and reduces their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper, which is part of the authors’ large-scale research aimed at improving the structure of environmental programmes, is to reveal the specifics of the formation and content of environmental protection programmes in regions specializing in the extractive sectors of the economy. The study is based on the information of the state programmes «Environmental Protection» of five Far Eastern subjects adopted for the period 2020–2025: Magadan region, Sakhalin region, Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous District, Kamchatka Krai. These subjects are characterized by high potential of economic development and also predominance of resource industries in the territorial sectoral structure of the economy. The article analyses 205 indicators of ecological programmes of resource regions. It was found that only 17% of all indicators are aimed at improving the environmental situation, 13% ensure this process, 23% are not directly related to the environmental issues. It was concluded that the content of the programmes does not fully correspond to the priority areas of environmental policy, such as rational environmental management and reducing the negative impact on the environment, waste management, etc. The identified drawbacks of environmental programmes of resource-oriented regions should be taken into account in the formation of further environmental policy, while the new programmes should reflect the resource specialization of the regional economy in the form of special indicators.

Primula kawasimae H. Hara (Primulaceae) on the Kamchatka Peninsula

Primula kawasimae H. Hara is reliably known in Russia only on Sakhalin Island and Kamchatka Peninsula. It is listed in the Red Books of Sakhalin Region and Kamchatka Krai. For a long time it was listed for Kamchatka based on the only collection of V. V. Yakubov from the eastern coast of the peninsula. In 2017, the species was found in Central Kamchatka (Bystrinsky District). In 2022, habitats with abundant Primula kawashimae were found in the Bystrinsky District. We took photos of plants in different phenological phases, collected herbarium specimens and seeds, and determined chromosome numbers.

Transition prospects to sustainable development of the Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Federation

The transition to sustainable development remains an urgent task both at the national and regional levels. For the regions of the Far East in Russia this issue is of particular relevance due to the high amount of natural capital they have and the vulnerability of local ecosystems. In the article on the example of one of the regions of the Far East (Kamchatka Krai) possible directions for the transition to a model of sustainable and balanced development are identified. The purpose of this study is to evaluate alternatives for such a transition using simulation tools. In the course of the work a characteristic of the region was presented with the main components’ assessment of natural, human and physical capital. At the same time the definition of a complex regional balance is formulated as a regional projection of sustainability and a space of opportunities for the optimal use of all types of capital. The complex regional balance consists of ecologicaleconomic, ecological-social and socio-economic components. Based on the language of algorithmic networks, a simulation model complex for sustainable balanced development of the region has been developed, on which a series of experiments has been run. The results obtained make it possible to focus on the preferential development of human capital and on the support of innovation as the preferred option for the transition to a model of sustainability and integrated regional balance.

System of Laser Interferometers with a Large Spatial Difference to Study the Seismic-Deformation Oscillations of the Ea

The results of unique experiments on synchronous recording of oscillations of earth’s surface with three laser interferometers–deformographs spaced at a distance of 6740 km, obtained during 2016–2020, are considered: two 100-m laser deformographs (Fryazino, Moscow oblast) and one 18-meter (Karymshina site, Kamchatka krai). It is shown that frequency-stabilized and thermocontrolled lasers, as well as systems for registering shifts of the compensation and modulation type interferogram provide an absolute instrumental resolution of 0.1–0.01 nm.

New Species of Macromycetes for Regions of the Russian Far East. 4

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of macrofungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in regions of the Russian Far East. A total of 77 species of macromycetes are reported for the first time from 7administrative units of the Russian Far East: Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai and Primorskiy Krai. 13 species are reported as the first records for the Russian Far East, and 4 (Calycina subtilis, Cistella fugiens, Lachnum roridum and Lasiobelonium horridulum) are new for Russia. For some of the rare species, notes are given about the main differences in morphology and ecology, about the features of distribution. The identification of Jahnoporus brachiatus is confirmed by molecular genetic data, and this specimen was isolated into pure culture. The material was deposited in ABGI, LE, MAG, SVER, TOB, VLA herbaria as well as in the Yu. Rebriev (YuR) and A. Shiryaev (Shiryaev) personal collections.

Совокупная факторная производительность в сельском хозяйстве регионов России

The Russian agricultural sector needs to improve production technologies, increase the share of high added value products in the structure of production, reduce unit costs, improve labour efficiency, and implement effective management innovations. Issues of unit cost reduction deserve special consideration. In this regard, the present study examines the development of the agricultural sector by using an indicator of total factor productivity (TFP) as a measure of efficiency. The article aims to determine the differentiation of Russian regions by TFP based on the author’s assessment methodology. An analysis of TFP dynamics revealed some regions that achieved indicators exceeding the national average, as well as leading and lagging regions. The highest total factor productivity growth in 2011–2020 was observed in Pskov, Penza, Oryol, Ryazan oblasts, Kamchatka krai, etc. The average Russian value of this indicator is characteristic of Sverdlovsk and Astrakhan oblasts. Tyumen and Sakhalin oblasts, Primorsky and Stavropol krais, the Republic of Karelia, Chelyabinsk oblast, Jewish Autonomous oblast, Chukotka Autonomous okrug, and the Republic of Ingushetia are in the group of lagging regions. Factors contributing to Russia’s long-term agricultural growth include effective investment, technological progress, and growing TFP rates. An increase in farmers’ demand for advanced technologies necessary for market share maintenance and survival can be a driver of innovative development. However, if major innovations are poorly implemented, high growth rate of total factor productivity is difficult to sustain; it will gradually decline as the quality of innovation activities decreases.

К традиционной технологии выделки кожи у народов Сибири: использование танинов при дублении и окрашивании шкуры

Tanning is the final stage of turning the animal skin into tanned leather. In the distant past, tanners known exclusively the vegetable tanning substances, the main of which was tannin. In different quantities it is found in almost all plants and trees. A century and a half ago, chemists invented a method of tanning using chromium, which quickly displaced tannin tanning from the production process due to cheapness and short time frame of its implementation. The use of urine and deer droppings in the skin dressing of Chukchi and Koryak only seems exotic among the many ways to soften the dermis among Siberian aborigines. Back in ancient Rome, there was a tax on the collection of urine by tanners for this purpose, and manure treatment (the use of rotten dog excrement and bird droppings) was widely practiced in the manufacture of soft and thin morocco in the East. The relevance of the traditional method of leather tanning is beyond doubt. The method of tanning with chromium and its derivatives used in modern production facilities is highly toxic, and the production of such leather is accompanied by pollution of the environment and waste of water. Leather products, produced by traditional methods are becoming more and more popular. The article is written based on field materials collected during the expeditionary work among the Chukchi and Koryaks in the village Achayvayam (Olyutorsky District of the Kamchatka Krai) at the end of the last century

Analysis of the Kamchatka Krai budget for 2021

Analysis of the Kamchatka Krai budget for 2021

Joint research of the innovative development and quality of life of region on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District

The subject of the study is the socio-economic system "innovative development of region - quality of life of the population". The aim of the work is to identify the degree of relationship between the innovative development and the standards of living of the population in regions. The study is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, correlation analysis and rating assessment. Official data from statistical collections and official sources of rating assessments of the quality of life and innovative development of regions were used as an information base. The analysis and evaluation were carried out on the example of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The results of the rating assessment by the value of the Russian Regional Innovation Index (RRII) showed the leading positions of Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and the Buryatia Republic. The average value of RRII in the Far Eastern Federal District is almost 2 times less than that of the leader — Moscow and is generally characterized by a low level of innovative development. According to the latest data of the Human Development Index (HDI) rating, Russia ranks 52nd among other countries of the world. The results of a comparative assessment of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District with the HDI levels of other countries are presented in the article. It was found out that three leaders (Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai) have higher values of the Quality of Life Index (QLI) than in Russia as a whole, and six regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are characterized by an average level of the quality of life of the population. The results of the correlation analysis showed a moderate degree of relationship between the RRI and the QLI, that allows us to use standard regression formulas for modeling predictive estimates of the impact of innovative development on improving the level and quality of life of the population in regions.

The role of ecotourism in the diversification of the regional hotel product of Kamchatka Krai

Trends are such that ecotourism is a promising area of tourism development, and Kamchatka is no exception. The article considers tourist areas of Kamchatka, which are the most relevant to the topic of the study.

Ассоциация самооценок по эмпатии, помощи, агрессии и личностным установкам с пальцевым индексом и полиморфизмом rs53576 гена OXTR у школьников европеоидного происхождения

Introduction. The evolution of mutual help and cooperation in humans has been actively analyzed using the methods of ethology, psychology, anthropometry and genetics. The goal of this study was to identify associations between the finger index (2D:4D), the rs53576 polymorphism of the OXTR gene, gender and age with a willingness to help others and adherence to certain cultural standards in Russian schoolchildren of Caucasian origin. Materials and methods. The samples for this study were collected in the schools of the city Ussuriysk (Primorsky Krai) and the city Yelizovo (Kamchatka Krai) in 2015-2019. The total sample size was 853 (416 boys and 437 girls), represented exclusively by children of European origin. The average age of the participants was 14.2 ± 1.6 years (ranged from 10 to 18 years). Data collection methods included: questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and collection of DNA samples (buccal epithelium or saliva). The data were analyzed using the SPSS-27 software package. Results. Significant differences were obtained for the finger index, 2D:4D, three scales of the Bass-Perry aggression questionnaire (anger, hostility, physical aggression), the generalized Baron-Cohen empathy coefficient and Boyko's level of empathy, dominance and social success, self-esteem, attitudes towards helping others. Readiness to help relatives was significantly associated with the GG variant of OXTR_rs53576 gene polymorphism. Adherence to moral norms (the weak need to be protected) was significantly associated with the finger index. Discussion. The results of our study indicate the significant gender differences in masculinity, including the 2D:4D ratio on the right and left hands, self-assessments of dominance and social status, one's own role in the group, attitudes towards aggression and related (group) solidarity. Boys performed more expressed self-assessments on physical aggression, and showed more parochialism, declaring a willingness to take the side of friends (relatives), regardless of who was right in the conflict and a willingness to follow cultural standards, concerning protection of the weakest. Girls outperformed boys in emotionality, and gave higher scores on anger and hostility. Our data, in combination with the findings of other authors, demonstrate the association of the homozygous variant GG OXTR_rs53576 with prosociality, altruism, and help.

Increasing the rational use of tourist resources and accommodation facilities of the Kamchatka region on the basis of clasterisation

The trends are such that clustering is used today as one of the main tools for the rational use of tourist resources. Kamchatka Krai is no exception. The article discusses the actual tourist clusters of the region, which are most relevant to the research topic.

Оценка туристического потенциала Камчатского края с применением цифровой модели туристической отрасли

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the assessment of the tourist potential of Kamchatka Krai on the basis of the digital model of the tourism industry. Today, Kamchatka Krai is one of the regions of the Russian Federation with the highest potential for tourism development due to its unique natural resources and geographical location. However, this potential is poorly realized due to the inconsistency and incompleteness of collected statistics on the region's tourism industry, the low investment activity, especially in large-scale strategic projects, the lack of systematic development of tourism infrastructure, the insufficient awareness of Kamchatka as a tourist center in the world, the low level of marketing and information support of the tourist product, the lack of a developed brand. Based on the identified problems and the analysis, the article identifies the main ways to stimulate tourism development and proposes the creation of a digital model of tourism industry development, the use of which will convert a set of diverse data into a timely and balanced management decision, based on the understanding of the current state of the industry and the prospects of its development. The article concludes that digital technologies with their impressive growth of new developments can become an integral part of the production process of tourist companies, which will reduce the number of routine business processes, while reducing the impact of the human factor on service quality. To improve the competitiveness of the tourism industry in Kamchatka Krai, it is necessary to create and implement a scenario-based simulation modeling of regional tourism, which will allow calculating on a regular basis tourist expenditures, the tourist industry income, and, through multipliers, the regional budget income, as well as other integral indicators for different scenarios.

The assessment of the raw material of potatoes on economically valuable characteristics (Kamchatka Krai)

The assessment of the raw material of potatoes on economically valuable characteristics (Kamchatka Krai)

Flora of the Mount Seinav surroundings (Vetveisky Range, Koryak Highlands, Kamchatka Krai, Russia)

Flora of the Mount Seinav surroundings (Vetveisky Range, Koryak Highlands, Kamchatka Krai, Russia)

Динамика конкурентоспособности северных регионов за 2008–2020 годы: разработка методики оценки

The conceptual ambiguity of the definition of regional competitiveness hinders the development of socio-economic policy measures to increase a region’s attractiveness to people and capital. The methodology for assessing competitiveness presented in this study evaluates the attractiveness of a region for business, considering the well-being of the population, environmental conditions, economic efficiency and development of innovation and information systems. Technically, the proposed methodology relies on the linear scaling method and various approaches to accounting for interregional price discrimination. Analysis of data obtained from the northern regions of Russia confirmed the conceptual link between competitiveness and productivity and production factors. The key regional competitiveness indicators are personal income and efficiency of production factors — capital intensity and wage intensity. The study revealed low competitiveness of the majority of the northern regions due to the insufficient development of the information system, low attractiveness for business and population, poor economic efficiency and little innovation. In order to maintain high competitiveness of the most successful regions — Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Sakhalin Oblast — authorities should pay more attention to environment and innovation. The lagging regions need to implement measures to attract investment, increase spending on transport infrastructure, and reduce poverty and unemployment. Additionally, the least competitive regions — Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Krai, Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — are recommended to focus on improving the regions’ information infrastructure and attractiveness for business. The article demonstrated that more reliable results can be obtained by using the index of budget expenditures instead of the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services adjusted for a specific region, since it better reflects the high cost of life in the northern regions. The findings can be used to develop socio-economic policy of the northern regions of Russia.