Kabasura Kudineer Research Articles

WILL THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UN-PAUSE THE WORLD AND DECIDE THE FATE OF COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the human respiratory system. In today’s world, scientists are working conscientiously for the identification of promising drugs and vaccines. But, when we look back to the former times, herbal medicines were considered for curing most of the diseases; luckily, nowadays, natural remedies are being carried forward by few researchers even for the treatment of most life-threatening diseases like cancer, diabetes and alzheimer’s etc. So, why can't we attempt the herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 too? Since there is no proper scientific validation for traditional herbs and spices; it just can’t be simply ignored. When a product with less or few side effects can be prepared and made available for the benefit of people, there is nothing wrong in pondering them. Thus, keeping these points in mind, in this article, we have discussed about SARS CoV-2, their treatment options and the impact of natural remedies on both the former as well as novel coronavirus. Further, we have also emphasized on traditional Chinese medicine, various flavonoids and kabasura kudineer and their impact on coronavirus infection. Till now, there is no particular drug or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19; thus prevention is the only option. But, we hope that thorough study; screening, preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural compounds may give some action against SARS CoV-2. Moreover, incorporating natural herbs and spices in our diet can help in boosting immunity and fight against various life-threatening diseases.

Pharmacological Actions of Contents of Kabasura Kudineer: A Siddha Formulation for Fever with Respiratory Illness

Siddha system of medicine is a distinct therapeutic science with many single drugs and compound formulations used for treating a broad spectrum of ailments Siddha categorizes the fever manifested by viral infestation into 64 types and it has developed medicines for each type Kapacurak / Kabasurak Kutinir (KK) described in the Citta Vaittiyattirattu is the best promising polyherbal formulation of plant origin for curing viral infections especially with flu-like symptoms As per Siddha system of medicine Kapacuram is defined as a fever with upper and lower respiratory catarrh KK is one of the medicines advised for prevention of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in India by Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India KK also emerged to be a popular traditional medicine for swine flu as well The current review recapitulates active phytochemicals of all the 15 herbal drug ingredients in KK with the aim to provide it support for usage in flu-like viral infections spreading over the world in the scenario of having no modern medicines Interestingly, out of 15 herbal ingredients in KK, Zingiber officinale rhizome, Andrographis paniculata whole plant, Syzygium aromaticum flower bud, Cyperus rotundus tuber, Sida acuta roots and Saussurea costus root have been proved to exhibit antiviral activities All the ingredients have been proved to possess antinflammatory activities Three proved to have antipyretic potential and five each proved to possess analgesic and immunomodulatory activities There are ingredients with antiasthmatic and antispasmodic supporting its use in respiratory illnesses such as that caused by COVID-19 The study supports the usage of KK as a traditional Siddha medicine against respiratory illnesses with flu-like symptoms characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 © 2021, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India All rights reserved

An open clinical evaluation of selected siddha regimen in expediting the management of COVID-19 –a randomized controlled study

BackgroundThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), obtained worldwide attention. In this review, we explored the potential siddha strategies for COVID -19 infections. ObjectivesTo evaluate the additional benefits of siddha drugs Vasantha kusumakaram mathirai, Thippili rasayanam, Adathodai manapagu and Kabasura kudineer compared to the allopathic standard treatment of care alone in COVID-19 asymptomatic, mild – moderate cases. Materials and methodsThe present study was an open label Two arm - randomized controlled interventional clinical study. The Group I patients were assigned to Siddha add on treatment whereas Group II subjects were assigned with standard treatment alone. The sample size was 100 for each group. ResultThe average number of days taken for reduction of symptoms showed significant results (P < 0.001) in Siddha add on compared with standard treatment. The real – time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) investigation turned negative for 78.33% in Siddha add on and 33.33% in standard treatment after 11–14 days. Similarly, CT chest, covid pattern lung involvement percentage showed highly significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in Siddha add on treatment. In addition, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) ratio, showed significant reduction (P < 0.01) when analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Renal, Liver parameters were within the normal limits in Siddha add on Group for 25 samples in post treatment. ConclusionFinally, it was concluded that Siddha add on Group showed accelerated recovery for COVID - 19 patients compared to standard Group. The synergistic effect of Siddha add on with standard treatment gave more promising results in the current study of COVID -19.

Survival analysis to assess the length of stay of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients under Integrated Medicine - Zinc, Vitamin C &amp; Kabasura Kudineer (ZVcKK)

Objective: COVID19 pandemic out of all odds has created an opportunity to offer treatment in an integrative manner. This study measures the Length of stay (LS) of patients in an integrative way, as done earlier in China and Vietnam. Length of stay, Clinical presentations, and Comorbidities were analyzed among COVID19 patients in ESI Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional data on 251 Positive COVID19 patients of both sexes irrespective of age admitted from 27 March 2020 and 26 April 2020 cases were included in the study. The final discharge date is taken as 5th May 2020. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was adopted. Results: Male, female ratio were 141(56.2%): 83(33.1%), 12 (4.8%) Male Child and 15 (6.0%) were Female child. 5.2% of the patients were in the age group greater than 60, 75.3% were in the age group 20-60, and the remaining 19.5% were 0- 20 age group. 84.9% of patients were Asymptomatic, while fever and cough were the main symptoms recorded in the remaining cases. CT scan was done for 7 patients. No mortality and no serious adverse events were reported. Comorbidity is 15% and does not influence hospital length of stay. The overall median length of stay is 12 days for those who were under ZVcKK (Median ST CI- 11.59-12.41). Conclusion: This study recorded a median of 12 days in the Length of stay and 13.5 days in the Length of stay average. Comparing earlier studies, patients taking ZVcKK have savings of 7 days. i.e., the relief speed is higher while using ZVcKK.

A Prospective Observational Study of the Outcome of Treatment with Kabasura Kudineer among Patients with SARS-nCOV-2 Infection

Introduction: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a major life-threatening danger to the human population worldwide. The traditional Indian medicines also play an important role as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways. Among the Siddha medicines, Kabasura kudineer is a formulation composed of 15 ingredients used against fever caused by respiratory infections. Aim: To determine the outcome of Kabasura kudineer, among SARS CoV-2 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Tamil Nadu with mild to moderate symptoms or asymptomatic patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in Covid care Hospital, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli after the approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. Written informed consent forms were obtained from the patients. A total of 100 patients with positive Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-nCov-2 with asymptomatic and mild to moderate symptoms were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were included in the control group and the other 50 patients were provided with 60 mL Kabasura kudineer for 5 days. Again on the sixth day, RT-PCR was repeated. Results: Among 50 participants in each group, by the sixth day, RT-PCR converted into negative for 27 patients in group B, by 10th day 25 in group A and 22 in group B, by 14th day 25 in group A and remaining 1 in group B became negative. Conclusion: The present study showed Kabasura kudineer was effective when compared with the control group against SARS-nCoV-2 patients with no symptoms and mild symptoms and also the conversion of RT-PCR.

Attitudes, beliefs, and self-use of Kabasura Kudineer among urban and rural population in Tamil Nadu, India: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Context:During an earlier outbreak of dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and swine flu in Tamil Nadu, India, Kabasura Kudineer and Nilavembu Kudineer were used to control the febrile episodes. No research is conducted in the past to understand the attitude and beliefs of people towards using Kabasura Kudineer as a means to improve immunity in people, especially in Tamil Nadu, the birthplace of Siddha medicine which led the researcher to conduct the study.Aims:The researcher in the present paper aims to understand the attitude, belief and self-use of Kabasura Kudineer among people in Tamil Nadu, India.Settings and Design:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among various people in Tamilnadu, India wherein data was collected from 200 participants.Methods and Material:A cross-sectional study involving explanatory/descriptive research design was considered for the study.Statistical Analysis Used:For the analysis of collected data statistical package for SPSS software version 25.0 was used.Results:The urban participants who participated in the study were 80.5% and the rural participants were 19.5%. The significant P value (0.002) indicated that people use kabasura kudineer because allopathic medicine is less effective medicine and the significant P value (0.001) shows that kabasura kudineer is taken as a self-medication among Tamil Nadu people.Conclusions:The findings of the study revealed the better empowerment of people in the select region towards the use of Kabasura Kudineer.

&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; Antiviral Activity of Kabasura Kudineer - Siddha Polyherbal Formulation Against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Kabasura Kudineer (KSK) is a Sastric Siddha polyherbal formulation that has been used to treat the fever with influenza-like indication. The purpose of this study is to validate the antiviral activity of KSK against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. The antiviral activity of KSK against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in Vero E6 cells and followed by an RT-PCR assay. KSK significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells. These data indicate that KSK prevents the attack of its virus, rendering the use of these a novel COVID-19 infectious diseases strategy.

A retrospective time-to-event analysis on COVID-19 patients using integrated medicine (Allopathy and Siddha medicine)

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes SARS. The virus was originally called SARS-CoV-2 named officially by the World Health Organization as COVID-19 and a global health emergency. Aim: The aim of this article is to assess various clinical findings, comorbidities, and outcomes including periods of hospital stay of asymptomatic/symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted at the Government Medical College, Omandurar, Chennai District of Tamil Nadu state and those who were under Integrated Medical care of hydroxychloroquine and Kabasura Kudineer. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 162 asymptomatic/symptomatic laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from both sexes and all age groups, admitted to the Government Medical College, Omandurar, Chennai District of Tamil Nadu state, India from March 30, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Results: SARS-CoV-2 confirmed 162 patients: 114 (70.4%) males and 48 (29.6%) females participated in the study. About 37.7% of the participants belonged to the age group of 26–40 years, 32.7% belonged to the age group 41–60 years, 16% belonged to the age group 13–25 years, 9.9% belonged to the age group greater than 60 years, and 3.7% belonged to the age group of 0–12 years. Around 16.7% have comorbidities, whereas the remaining 83.3% were free from comorbid conditions. All participants were given Kabasura Kudineer, but the treatment of allopathy medicine intake varies from person to person depending on their health status and disease severity. Abdominal computed tomography scan or chest X-rays of 24 (14.8%) patients were done during the study period. Two patients died and two were referred to another hospital, remaining 97.5% completely recovered from the viral infection. Admission days varied from 1 to 23 days. The overall median length of stay was 16 days based on this study. Conclusion: This study reveals that 97.5% of the patients were completely recovered from the viral infection and both average and median hospital stay is 16 days.

Kabasura kudineer, a siddha medicine against COVID-19 infection: scope and future perspective

Kabasura kudineer, a siddha medicine against COVID-19 infection: scope and future perspective

Home Care Preventive Measures And Practices Using Traditional Siddha Medicine Towards COVID-19 Among Residents Of Containment Zones, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2020: Cross-Sectional Study

Many campaigns rolled out to enhance the awareness of people on COVID-19 prevention, control, and promotive measures. Siddha polyherbal formulations, namely Kabasura kudineer (KSK) and Nilavembu kudineer (NVK) were recommended by the Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India as an advisory for AYUSH interventions for COVID-19. This study was conducted to estimate traditional siddha medicine practices and preventive measures against COVID 19 among the population accessing research clinic facility and the residents of containment zones of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu State, India. We interviewed 569 participants, and most of the participants aware of adopting general preventive measures of COVID-19, 85% practiced hand wash and 95% wore mask. Siddha-specific measures such as drinking of KSK is reported in 77% (n=444, 77%) and NVK in 60% (n=360) in the containment zone areas for prevention and control of COVID-19. The population behavior documents belief in traditional medical system and to consider integrated medical approach for effective communication during public health emergencies.

SIDDHA MEDICAL MANAGEMENT ON COVID-19 POSITIVE CASE STUDY IN GSMCandH, TIRUNELVELI, TAMIL NADU,INDIA

The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19. The common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Siddha medicines which mainly focusses on enhancing the host immunity could play a major role in viral diseases. As per Siddha classical wisdom, improving immunity with immune boosters is one of the key approaches for prevention of disease and maintenance of health. The treatment protocol was fixed such as all the patients admitted in the ward were given kabasura kudineer as base medicine. In addition, other siddha medicines were given based on the associated symptoms. If fever was present Linga chendooram with thirikaduku chooranam, Brahmanantha Birava mathirai twice a day was given additionally. If cough was present Thalisadi vadagam, Adathodai manapagu was given additionally until the symptoms subsides. If anosmia was present Herbal Smolder, vasantha kusumahara mathirai, thalisadi vadagam and adathoda manapagu twice a day, if loose motion was present sundai vatral was given additionally. The treatment protocol and diet pattern was planned such that it balances the three humours, combats the diseases, improves general immunity with specific actions on the respiratory tract and provides adequate nutrition. Apart from this the entire In Patient (IP) block was disinfected using herbal fumigation. Further, a novel herbal air cleanser pouch was also provided to all patients which is to be kept inside the mask which would precisely filter the inhaling air & ward off the airborne microorganisms. The results and observations are encouraging. The combined therapy and procedure seemed to be very effective in the management of COVID-19 disease

Efficacy of Integrative Siddha Medicine, Kabasura Kudineer with Vitamin C, Zinc Supplementation for the Management of Asymptomatic COVID 19 Cases in Tertiary Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Efficacy of Integrative Siddha Medicine, Kabasura Kudineer with Vitamin C, Zinc Supplementation for the Management of Asymptomatic COVID 19 Cases in Tertiary Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Screening of Kabasura Kudineer Chooranam against COVID-19 through Targeting of Main Protease and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking Studies

COVID-19 is the infectious pandemic disease caused by the novel coronavirus. The COVID-19 is spread globally in a short span of time. The Ministry of AYUSH, India which promotes Siddha and other Indian system of medicine recommends the use of formulation like Nilavembu Kudineer and Kaba Sura Kudineer Chooranam (KSKC). The present work seeks to provide the evidence for the action of 74 different constituents of the KSKC formulation acting on two critical targets. That is main protease and SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase target through molecular docking studies. The molecular docking was done by using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 of the 74 compounds, about 50 compounds yielded docking results against COVID-19 main protease while 42 compounds yielded against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This research has concluded that the KSKC has the lead molecules that inhibits COVID-19’s target of main protease of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Molecular Docking Studies on the Anti-viral Effects of Compounds From Kabasura Kudineer on SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.

The COVID-19 has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. No approved drug is currently available; therefore, an urgent need has been developed for any antiviral therapy for COVID-19. Main protease 3CLpro of this novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) play a critical role in the disease propagation, and hence represent a crucial target for the drug discovery. Herein, we have applied a bioinformatics approach for drug repurposing to identify the possible potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main proteases 3CLpro (6LU7). In search of the anti-COVID-19 compound, we selected 145 phyto-compounds from Kabasura kudineer (KK), a poly-herbal formulation recommended by AYUSH for COVID-19 which are effective against fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath (similar to SARS-CoV2-like symptoms). The present study aims to identify molecules from natural products which may inhibit COVID-19 by acting on the main protease (3CLpro). Obtained results by molecular docking showed that Acetoside (−153.06), Luteolin 7 -rutinoside (−134.6) rutin (−133.06), Chebulagic acid (−124.3), Syrigaresinol (−120.03), Acanthoside (−122.21), Violanthin (−114.9), Andrographidine C (−101.8), myricetin (−99.96), Gingerenone -A (−93.9), Tinosporinone (−83.42), Geraniol (−62.87), Nootkatone (−62.4), Asarianin (−79.94), and Gamma sitosterol (−81.94) are main compounds from KK plants which may inhibit COVID-19 giving the better energy score compared to synthetic drugs. Based on the binding energy score, we suggest that these compounds can be tested against Coronavirus and used to develop effective antiviral drugs.

Analogy of Kaba Suram with COVID-19 Symptoms - A Siddha Literature Review

Kaba Suram (phlegmatic fever) is one among the 64 types of Suram (Pyrexia/fever), its synonyms, causes, pathology and characteristics have been mentioned crystal clear in Siddha literature. Its clinical features have been mentioned in few literatures such as Theran karisal, Suravagadam, Yugi chinthamani etc., which are almost similar to each other. The present day pandemic disease COVID-19 which still lacks specific drug towards its management or prophylaxis has become the spectrum of research focus in current scenario. Upon keen understanding of the Siddha literature the signs and symptoms of Kaba Suram fall in line with COVID-19 and a few other flu like illnesses. Therefore, the herbal decoction Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) indicated for the management of Kaba Suram has been recommended by the Siddha research community towards an integrated approach in tackling this worldwide emergency. The current scientific community demands evidence based explanation to understand the concept of Siddha system of medicine and necessitates International standards to reassure the efficacy of Siddha medicine. In this aspect, this review is aimed at evaluating all the available informations on Kaba Suram in Siddha literature and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to interpret the search results in terms of pathophysiology of Kaba Suram based on Mukkutram theory. This effort would therefore enable the Siddha research community to opt for effective Siddha medicines to manage the present pandemic situation.

IMMUNITY BOOSTERS TO COMBAT COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2). It primarily targets lung epithelial cells of human respiratory system. The original strain of coronavirus was first identified at the end of December 2019 and emerged during an outbreak in Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is mostly seen in the people with weak immune system. There are different ex-situ approaches to prevent the infection of corona virus viz., use of masks, sanitizing body and surfaces and maintaining social distance. But apart from them, in-situ prevention approaches like inclusion of nutrient rich healthy foods and herbs in daily diet helps to protect the body from inside by strengthening immune system. Thus, to strengthen immune system from inside we need to take immunity boosters, apart from normal healthy diet. These immunity boosters are prepared from leaves, roots, stems, flowers, barks and some other parts of medicinal and spice crops. These contain a mixture of proteins and other organic chemicals and carbohydrates, which include alkaloids, flavoids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenes. Kabasura kudineer, Nilavembu kudineer, Immuplus, Echinacea liquid, Immusarc, Septilin and immunity plus are some of the important immunotonics to strengthen and to protect body from infections and safeguard health. In this context we have to supplement our body with these immunity boosters to fight against not only COVID-19 but also other diseases.

Exploring the Insilico Properties and Docking Studies of Sudarshan Churna for Anti-Sars-CoV-2 Activity

The origin and practice of ayurvedic preparations in India dates back centuries ago. These preparations are used to treat a variety of conditions from common cold to genetic disorders. Antiviral activities of Phyllanthus niruri, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Eclipta alba, Allium sativum, Ocimum sanctum and many other plants are researched for potent antiviral agents. SARS CoV-2 a strain of coronavirus causing COVID19 emerged as a global pandemic affecting millions of people. Ayurvedic preparations like Kabasura Kudineer, Chavanprash and Nilavembu Kudineer are being tested for their antiviral and immunity boosting properties. Objective: Sudarshan churna is an ayurvedic preparation. It is a mix of many herbal powders. It is in use in India since many centuries. Swertia chirata, a potent antiviral herb is the main ingredient of Sudarshan churna. Apart from it, this highly effective product contains many antiviral and antibacterial herbs such as Giloya, turmeric neem, Parpata etc. This study aims to explore the insilico properties and molecular docking studies of this preparation against COVID19. Method: The druglikeness of 202 compounds were evaluated and molecular docking for these compounds were performed against SARS CoV-2 proteins by insilico techniques Results: 177 compounds exhibited druglikeness. Good docking results were observed with 45 ligands against 6M0J and 55 ligands against 6LU7 protein.Conclusion: The active constituents of Sudarshan Churna have good anti SARS CoV-2 activity and can serve as a lead against the SARS CoV-2.

Screening of Siddha Herbal Formulation Maramanjal Kudineer Churnam Against COVID-19 Through Targeting of Main Protease and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking Studies

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious pandemic disease caused by the newly discovered novel corona virus. It was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 virus spreads by droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose of the infected person via coughs or sneezes. Recently on 07/07/2020 WHO acknowledged “Evidence emerging” of the airborne spread of the corona virus. According to WHO, globally as on 10/07/2020 05.30 GMT +5.30, there have been 1,20,15,193 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 5,49,247 deaths reported. Currently, there is no specific treatment approved for COVID-19, although treatment and vaccines are under study. In India, Department of AYUSH promotes the Indian system of Medicine to treat COVID-19 and recommends the use of anti-viral Siddha formulations Nilavembu Kudineer and Kabasura Kudineer. The present study aims to work on Siddha formulation Maramanjal Kudineer Churnam (MKC) a step towards treatment for the COVID-19 and to create a scientific evidence for the use of MKC. Methods: Seventy-four phytoconstituents of the MKC formulation was selected for the molecular docking studies to act on two critical targets main protease and SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The molecular docking study was performed by using MGL Tools 1.5.6. Results: Docking studies on the data set of 74 phytoconstituents present in MKC, 74 phytoconstituents developed a docking results against the target COVID-19 main protease and 74 phytoconstituents developed a docking results against the target SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Conclusion: This research has concluded that the MKC has the lead molecules that inhibits COVID-19’s target of Main Protease of COVID-19 and SARS Cov-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

SARS-COV-2 and Kabasura Kudineer. A Mini review on the antiviral properties of ancient siddha medicine from India.

As on 8 June 2020, World Health Organization reports that there were 6 931 000 COVID-19 cases, 400 857 deaths worldwide. In India has 256 611 COVID-19 cases, and 7135 deaths. The current situation demands more effective preventive and therapeutic agents. Siddha medicine is one of the oldest Indian systems of medicine. And it is most commonly practiced in India. Siddha medicine, a traditional form of indigenous medical system uses specific polyherbal formulations for the treatment of such infections with considerable success. Disparate modern medicine that doesn’t have an impact on the host immunity, Siddha medicine has various immuno-modulatory effects. Various herbs used in siddha medicine such as Amukkara, Nilavembu augments and reinstates the human immunity ensuing its antiviral action.

A study to assess the health literacy on knowledge regarding Nilavembu Kudineer and Kabasura Kudineer for immunity boosting of deadly viruses along with COVID -19 among adults in rural population

A study to assess the health literacy on knowledge regarding Nilavembu Kudineer and Kabasura Kudineer for immunity boosting of deadly viruses along with COVID -19 among adults in rural population