Junior Football Players Research Articles

Specific training for improving the skill and speed in junior football players

Abstract Background. The purpose of the study was to realize the priorities in physical, technical and tactical training for junior football players. Moreover, preparing of the content was intended to optimize the use the most efficient methods and means for increasing the efficiency of speed and skill during the training and games. Objectives. Data were collected from 18 junior football players, with ages ranging from 14-15 years, members of the ACS Unirea (C) Tritenii de Jos team. The subjects were tested three times during the whole training stage, pre, middle and post-training examinations being performed. The three examinations consisted of 5 tests each: 50-meter sprint, standing long jump, 2000 meter running, maintaining the ball in the air and leading the ball through markers. Methods. Specific methods for developing the speed used in the study are based on repetitions (specific efforts at maximum or submaximal speed, under usual, relieved, severe conditions), on various efforts and intervals. Skill development methods took into account the complexity of coordinating action movements and the spatial, temporal, and motion force precision. For developing motor skills, the authors used the interval and circuit training. Results. All the participants attained higher levels of performance, both at the second and third examination, on each of the 5 tests. Data collected were analyzed using the One –Way ANOVA statistical procedure, which compares the results obtained by one single group of subjects. This procedure revealed, at a significant level of confidence, that the mean of the performance enhancement reached 50 percents along the one-year training stage. Conclusions. The research has shown that, by giving a more significant share of the best methods and means for developing the speed and skill in the physical training of junior footballers, the increase in the performance of these motor skills is significant.

The effect of using contrast training during the pre-season period on the level of ability of muscle in junior football players

The effect of using contrast training during the pre-season period on the level of ability of muscle in junior football players

The impact of modified rules on involvement and psychosocial influences on AFL junior football players

The impact of modified rules on involvement and psychosocial influences on AFL junior football players

Norwegian Junior Football Players – Player’S Perception Of Stress According To Playing Time

Abstract This study’s purpose was to investigate how junior football players representing a professional club experienced stressors according to there given playing time. Participants (N43) represented 3 football clubs (mean 17.4 yrs). The results showed that the players playing all matches reported a lower level of stress related to performance and future stress compared to the players playing few matches. Furthermore, evaluation and performance stress was reported higher among player given few matches compared to players playing most matches. Even so, the present study found that Norwegian junior players have a low level of stress. Based on this fact, our results suggest that coaches should focus on the players playing few matches, since they reported a higher level of stress on three dimensions, potentially impairing their development as football players.

Regulation and control of young football players’ training loads

Currently, according to the conception of children and youth football development in Kazakhstan, there has been a harmonious system formed to train young football players. The trainings are implemented by football departments of children and youth sport schools and specialized children and youth sport schools of Olympic Reserve. Recently, specialized football classes are getting widely expanded as a compulsory part of general education in many countries. However, there have not been designed sufficient methodical recommendations for teachers and coaches about the organization of training processes and rationalizing work load in specialized football classes up to now, in order junior football players to progress in specialized classes, it is necessary to draw the daily regulations properly and to define the content of physical training curriculum for different age groups. However, there are considerably scarce data available on this issue. Moreover, fluctuation of physiological functions in physical activities performed by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes have not been sufficiently studied yet. The purpose of this study is to determine the pulse rate of physical exercises and technical trainings fulfilled by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes. The research study involved 25 young footballers of age 15-16 from specialized classes of secondary schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Those young football players’ cardiovascular system reaction was defined via radio telemetry device Sports Tester that recorded average heart rate (HR), its minimum and maximum values, the sum of heartbeat during training and game, and its allocation within different physical activities. Aerobic capacities were determined using indirect method when doing physical load for 5 minutes on a veloergometer Kettler with power of 150W. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was estimated by the Astrand (1960) test. In accordance with the age of subjects, the results were correlated with the coefficient (r=1,1). The data was analyzed using methods of mathematic statistics. The results of the research study showed that determining the pulse rate of cardiovascular system activities performed by young football players measured via radio telemetry device which helped to observe the reaction of athletes’ organism to different physical loads during whole physical training classes. It is significant to mention that higher reaction of cardiovascular system in physical activities are noted in carrying out repeated game exercises within technical trainings at a quarter of the pitch without the goal areas with 2 x 2 players, also 6 x 6 players. Among physical activities of young football players, the most intensive work of cardiovascular system requires launch acceleration for 2 minutes, running jumps and outdoor games. The conducted analysis using radio telemetry registered players’ heart rate (HR), defined the pulse rate of separated parts of training and competitive activities. Received data allows coaches to classify training loads in intensity zones which help them correlate training curriculum of young football players. Thus, present research data as well as other authors’ works fills the gap in the area where physical loads of young football players’ functional systems are of studies matter.

Study Regarding the Impact of Trait Anxiety on Intersegmental Coordination and Topographical Memory in Junior Football Players

The purpose of our study consists of analyzing the existing impact of trait anxiety on limbs coordination and upon topographical memory of junior football players. The Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales allows greater precision in assessing anxiety across situations. The RCMV and MT tests are included into the PSISELTEVA battery, developed by RQ Plus. The subjects who took part in this study are 21 junior football players, from Dinamo Bucharest Sports Club. Using the Spearman correlation there have been important relations highlighted between trait anxiety in socially-evaluative and physically dangerous situations and the resistance to time pressure coefficient, the complex reaction time and the topographical memory.

Stability of internal response and external load during 4-a-side football game in an indoor environment

Background: Small-sided games (SSG) are spontaneous forms of specific training where exercise intensity can be manipulated mainly by modifying external factors. When using the SSG, there is a risk that the variability of intensity between players and on repetition of SSG may lead to some players training at inappropriate exercise intensities. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine intra-individual repeatability and inter-individual variability in exercise intensity in small-sided 4on4 football games. Methods: Twenty five highly trained junior football players (age 17.68 ± 1.52 years; BMI 23.8 ± 1.92 kg . m-2) participated in the study. Distance covered (software package Video Manual Motion Tracker 1.0) and heart rate (HR, expressed as a percentage of peak heart rate) were measured. All participants completed three measurements of 4-a-side games for three consecutive weeks. Results: The high intraclass correlation coefficient value (Heart rate [HR]: ICC = .88, 95% CI [.65, .94]; Distance covered [DC]: ICC = .76, 95% CI [.66, .96]) implies a very high level of intra-individual repeatability. The Pearson's correlation coefficient value (HR: r = .93; DC: r = .85) indicates a high correlation between the results of any measurement. Bland and Altman's 95% limits of agreement were ± 10.32 beats . min-1 and ± 65.46 m of distance covered. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that measured SSG elicit consistent heart rate responses and external load of the players.

Intersegmental Coordination and the Performance of Junior Football Players

The purpose of this study consists of analyzing the existing correlations between the intersegmental coordination and sports performance. The RCMV test, included into the PSISELTEVA battery, developed by RQ Plus, evaluates the intersegmental coordination, expressed through some psychomotor-related parameters. The subjects who took part in this study are 24 junior football players, from Dinamo Bucharest Sports Club. Using the Spearman correlation there have been important relations highlighted between the perceptual-motor learning coefficient, the resistance to time pressure coefficient and the marks obtained by the football players depending on their evolution on the field.

Influence of accuracy as motor ability on success with the youth football players

Besides technical skills, the success in football depends also on motor, morphological and psychological features. Therefore, test batteries for assessment of football players quality are complex since they have to provide valid information on the said features. Accuracy of passing and shooting is a technical element most used during trainings and matches so it should be analyzed from the aspect of its influence on individual quality of football players. Accuracy of shots together with accuracy of passing are key tactical elements that valuate tactical actions aimed at fast organization of attacks and scoring. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the level of accuracy with regard to the quality of play with youth football players. The research included 60 male junior football players, aged 17 (+/- 6 months) who have been included in football training process for not less than three years. For the purpose of this research a battery of tests was designed to obtain information on technical abilities of youth football players. Multivariante procedures (MANOVA) and discriminate analysis were used in this paper. The univariate procedures applied were ANOVA, T-test and Roy's greatest root. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the evaluation of the level of technical elements of ball passing cannot be used to analyze the quality of performances of young players. Once again, the research confirmed that specific equations of sports success differ for athletes of junior categories and senior athletes. The obtained results can be used as signposts for basic training objectives for youth football players. Accuracy of ball passing is and important technical element with has great influence on realization of tactical tasks in the course of a match and thus its refining has to be one of the basic aims of training for youth football players.

A-state, A-trait and the Performance of 14-15 Years Old Football Players

The purpose of this study consists of analyzing the existing correlations between the state anxiety, trait anxiety and sport performance. The Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) belonging to the Cognitrom Assessment System, designed by Cognitrom, allow greater precision in assessing anxiety across situations. The subjects who took part in this study are 26 junior football players, from Dinamo Bucharest Sports Club. Using the Spearman correlation there have been important relations highlighted between the physiological responses of the athletes, the trait anxiety in physically dangerous situations and the marks obtained by the football players depending on their evolution on the field.

The Influence of Modern Means on the Coordination Component in Junior 1 Soccer Players

The reason for choosing this topic of experimental research was based on the fact that in the framework of the preliminary periodic tests applied in winter, a fairly large number of junior football players score rather poorly on the specific tests concerning the coordination component, which has direct implications on their physical and technical results.Our psychomotor assessment consisted in two tests, the coordination and the balance tests, using the specific items of the Bruininks-Oseretsky battery. We used specific tools to perform a computer-based statistical analysis of the results in the initial testing, relying on the BOT-2-ASSISTTM Scoring and Reporting System.

Mechanical properties of the triceps surae: Differences between football and non-football players

We investigated the mechanical properties of the triceps surae between professional, junior, and non-football players. Fifty-nine men participated in this study. The mechanical properties of the right legs’ triceps surae were measured in vivo using a free oscillation technique; no significant differences existed between the groups. The mean results for musculo-articular stiffness, damping coefficient, and damping ratio were as follows: professional football players (21523 N· m−1, 330.8 N · s · m−1, and 0.201); junior football players (21063 N · m−1, 274.4 N · s · m−1, and 0.173); and non-players (19457 N · m−1, 281.5 N · s · m−1, and 0.184). When analysed according to position, the results were as follows: defender (21447 N · m−1, 308.6 N · s · m−1, and 0.189); midfielder (20762 N · m−1, 250.7 N · s · m−1, and 0.157); winger (21322 N · m−1, 335.1 N · s · m−1, and 0.212); forward (22085 N · m−1, 416.2 N · s · m−1, and 0.254); and non-players (19457 N · m−1, 281.5 N · s · m−1, and 0.184). Thus, football training, football games, and the position played had no effect on triceps surae mechanical properties. These results may be attributed to opposing adaptations between different types of training that are usually implemented in football. Alternatively, the minimum strain amplitude and/or frequency threshold of the triceps surae required to trigger adaptations of mechanical properties might not be achieved by football players with football training and matches.

Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the body tissue composition and functional traits of young football players.MethodsAnalysis was performed on 23 junior football players. Body mass and height were measured. Bioelectrical impedance was used to assess the players’ body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, body cell mass and extracellular mass). The body mass index, body cell mass index and the extracellular mass/body cell mass ratio were also calculated. Functional traits were assessed by a one-on-one football game in an enclosed space with the objective to score the highest number of goals in a timed setting. Measurements of HRrest, HRmax and heart rate reserve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the subjects’ cardiovascular systems.ResultsInsignificant differences in body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency were found regardless of what position was played. Overall, forwards were characterised by having the greatest height, the highest level of active body tissue development and the most efficient cardiovascular systems. Defenders were characterised by having larger body build, while midfielders displayed a significantly greater percentage of extracellular mass and EMC in relation to BC M.ConclusionsThe results reveal that trends exist in the body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency of football players depending on which position they play. These differences reflect the varied physical efforts players perform during a match and should be taken into consideration when designing training programmes.

Comparison of MR images for age determination; T1 weighted images (T1WI) versus T2* weighted images (T2*WI)

T1WI (T1 weighted image) was acquired in order to grade bone fusion following the studies by FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Associations). Research using images other than T1WI has not been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grade of epiphyseal fusion by T2* weighted images (T2*WI) and to investigate new findings on T2*WI as compared with T1WI. A total of 87 subjects, all junior football players between the ages of 12 and 17 years old, were examined. T1 and T2* WI were obtained using a 1.2T Open type MR system. The T1WI and T2*WI were rated twice randomly by four radiologists using the FIFA grading system. The intra-rater reliability for grading was higher in T1WI (The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.949-0.985) than in T2*WI (ICC=0.917-0.943). The inter-rater reliability for grading was also higher in T1WI (ICC=0.923) than in T2*WI (ICC=0.867). This research showed that T1WI is a better sequence than T2*WI to evaluate bone fusion following FIFA protocol. It was speculated that the reason for this is that T1WI has higher tissue contrast resolution and enables clearer images of the epiphyseal fusion than T2*WI and the grading system by T1WI was not suitable for T2*WI.

The efficacy of the 11 and the 11+ in injury prevention and physical fitness improvement on male collegiate football teams

BackgroundThe 11 and The 11+ are accepted effective injury-prevention training programs for junior football players. However, their impact on physical fitness is unclear.ObjectiveTo elucidate the effectiveness of The 11 and...

Competência percebida e atribuição de causalidade em jogadores juniores de futebol

O modelo motivacional da atribuição de causalidade prevê que sentimentos e expectativas gerados pelo tipo de causa utilizada pelo indivíduo, para explicar o que acontece com ele mesmo, podem influenciar sua motivação. Assim, pretendeu-se investigar as causas atribuídas por 111 jogadores juniores de futebol ao próprio nível de competência e sua influência nos sentimentos, expectativas e disposição para agir. Os resultados indicaram que aqueles que avaliaram ter alto nível de competência utilizaram causas mais internas, mais estáveis e igualmente controláveis, em comparação àqueles que avaliaram ter um nível menor de competência. Isso pode explicar a ausência de diferenças significativas nas emoções negativas, expectativas e disposições para a ação dos atletas.

Aspects of anthropometric and morphofunctional cardiac parameters in a lot of junior football players

IntroductionPhysical exercises and sport activity induce myocardium and vascular tree important functional and morphologic adjustment changes, which mostly explain the aerobe performances improvement. The present work studied the anthropometric and...

Comparison of injury in Iran national junior and youth football players

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, but the rate of injury in this sport is high. A limited number of studies on the incidence of...

A method to identify talent: Visual search and locomotion behavior in young football players

The present study examined differences in visual search and locomotor behavior among a group of skilled 10–12 year-old football players. The participants watched video clips of a 4-to-4 position game, presented on a large screen. The participants were asked to take part in the game by choosing the best position for the reception of the ball passed by one of the players in the clip. Participants’ visual search and locomotor behavior were collected continuously throughout the presentation of the clip. A within-group comparison was made based upon the participants’ interception score, i.e., more at the correct position. The findings show that the high-score group looked more to the ball area, while the players in the low-score group concentrated on the receiving player and on the hips/upper-body region of the passing player. The players in the high-score group covered a significantly greater distance compared to the low-score group. It was concluded that differences in visual search and locomotion behavior can be used as indicators for identifying talented junior football players.

The association between hip and groin injuries in the elite junior football years and injuries sustained during elite senior competition

ObjectiveTo establish the relationship between the history of hip and groin injuries in elite junior football players prior to elite club recruitment and the incidence of hip and groin injuries...