Junior Football Players Research Articles

Selection of young football players according to the playing centers according to the Enneagram theory for personality

The research aims to create an interactive electronic scale to assess the personality patterns of nine junior football players and to identify the dominant personality pattern in the three junior football playing centers, and the descriptive approach was used in the survey method due to its suitability to the research problem. The research sample consisted of (251) players from academies and football schools in the province of Babylon in football for young people, and an interactive electronic scale was designed to measure the nine personality styles (reformer, assistant, achiever, unique, thinker, loyal, enthusiastic, defiant, peacemaker). The first part of the scale is an algorithm that contains questions with contradictory characteristics that initially determine the personality type, and their number is (18) questions, of which only (6) questions are displayed to the respondent, including a maximum of them, depending on the algorithm scheme. The second part relates to a set of checking questions through which it is confirmed that the initial pattern that was determined on the basis of the algorithm prepared for this is appropriate, which appears as a group consisting of (12) questions out of a total of (108) questions, according to the result of the algorithm's initial pattern, and thus the total of (108) questions. The number of questions presented to the respondent does not exceed (18) out of a total of (126) questions. The researchers reached a number of conclusions, including the fact that there is a convergence in the overall ratios of the pattern in the playing centers, implying that there is no dominant or distinct pattern in the playing centers, but that the personality patterns were distributed naturally across the three playing centers.

Preparing special exercises to develop target speed with short distances and some basic skills in junior football players

The purpose of this study was to prepare special exercises to develop the target speed in short distances and some basic skills for young football players, as well as to determine the effect of these exercises. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups (control and experimental) according to the pre and post-tests. The research community was determined by 200 football players of the Baghdad governorate clubs (9 clubs), the junior category participating in the league for the season 2021/2022. The research sample was chosen deliberately and consisted of 20 junior players of the Al-Naft Sports Club (Peshmerga club hall). They were divided into two groups (control and experimental) in a random way through lottery and each group consisted of 10 players. The search data was processed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of our study showed statistically significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test in favor of the post-test (p < 0.05). Also, the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the special exercises that were prepared by the researcher showed that they have a great effect on the research variables, and that the experimental group showed a greater development than the control group. The method of repetitive training used in this research contributed positively to the development of speed and skills. It is very important to adopt and benefit from these special exercises designed by the researcher in the development of research variables when training young football players.

Predictive value of skill performance in terms of physical indicators in 14-year-old football players

The primary objective of this study was to identify the reality of the physical fitness and skills among young football players in the Najaf Governorate and to find a predictive value for the physical and skills indicators for the selection of junior football players in Najaf Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach with two methods of interrelationships. The present study was conducted on the 14 years old players of football schools in Najaf Governorate in the year 2021. The study was conducted in the playgrounds of the football school in the center of Najaf Governorate (Iraq) within the timeframe from January 2021 to March 2021. A total of 40 14-year-old football players participated in the study. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers concluded that the physical fitness of the football players is directly and significantly related to their skill performance.

Performance and organizational stressors in the junior-to-senior transition in football

Both elite sport and the road to elite sport performance could be described as stressful. The junior-to-senior transition has proven to be difficult for many talented football players because of the often non-normative nature of the transition. The aim of the current study was to investigate junior football players perception of performance and organizational stressors in the junior-to-transition. Ten players (5 junior-elite, 5 junior non-elite) were inter-viewed, and the data were thematically content analysed. The highlighted performance stressors were pressure to perform, and preparations related to performance issues. Among organizational stressors were increased level of performance and uncertainty of outcome related to environmental issues. Difficulties related to dual career and prioritizing football before friends were related to personal issues, lack of coaching were leadership issues, and maladaptive communication were related to team issues. The overall findings in one of few studies on junior players in football indicate access to performance arenas, while lack a social affiliation to the senior team players and lack of feedback from the senior team coaches and lack a mastery arena including social support. The results from this would highlight the importance of adjusting stressors for players in the junior-to-senior transition in football.

Contribution of self-assessment of football competencies and the length of football experience for explaining the self-efficacy in junior and senior players

Aim of this paper was to examine the contribution of football experience and the self-assessment of tactical/technical skills and social competencies on the perceived self-efficacy in junior and senior football players. A total of 164 football players from Bosnia & Herzegovina have taken part in the research, 79 of which were professional senior players and 85 were professional U18 (junior) players. Three measuring instruments were used in the research: A questionnaire on general information, a self-assessment scale of self-efficacy for football players and a scale for estimating tactical/ technical and social competencies in football was used to gather data. Based on the results and the conducted analyses, it is indicative that the model that encompasses the length of football experience and a self-assessment of tactical/technical and social competencies in senior football players contributed around 8.5% to the total explanation of perceived self-efficacy. In senior players, the length of experience has a greater significance in perceived self-efficacy compared to the perceived success in performing football elements. The set model doesn’t have an equal contribution in junior players, where the model entirely contributed with 14.3% of the explanation of perceived self-efficacy, and the perceived success of performing football elements also has a statistically significant contribution. So, the model which encompasses football experience and the perceived success in performing football elements (tactical/technical and social competencies in football) is not equally predictive in junior and senior players.

Impact of special skill exercises on harmonic abilities and passing skills in junior footballers

The aim of the present study was to identify the effect of special skill exercises on the harmonic abilities and passing skills of junior football players. The present study had an experimental design, in which 28 junior football players were recruited as sample for the study. Participants were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. Control group participants carried out exercises, guided by their coach. Experimental group participants received exercises prepared by the researchers. The implementation of the exercises took 4 weeks, at a rate of 3 sessions per week. The duration of each session was 30-35 minutes. The researchers concluded that the special skill exercises positively impacted the junior footballers of the experimental group to develop some harmonic abilities and passing skills.

Difference in The Influence of Practice Regulating Passes and Regulating The Game Against The Accuracy of Passing in Junior Football Players

This research aims to find out what exercises are more influential between the practice of regulating passes and the practice of regulating the game against the accuracy of passing in football games in The Extracurricular Students of Private Elementary School Al Wasliyah 30 Martubung Medan In 2021. Participants in this study as many as 20 students with an age range of 10-12 years. Research design is pre-test two group experimental design. This research instrument is a test of passing accuracy in a piece of football. Quantitative descriptive analysis of data, by comparing differences in pretest and postest results. The results of the study in the form of analysis of two research hypotheses. Analysis of the first hypothesis of pre-test data and post-test accuracy of passing ball pass exercise group according obtained thitung = 6.86. From the list of distributions t using the odds of 1-1/2? = 0.975 with degree of freedom (df) n-1 = 9 obtained tcount (0.975) = 2.26. In the hypothesis testing criteria it is stated that in tcount >ttable with ? = 0.05 then Ho accepted Ha rejected. Analysis of the second hypothesis of pre-test data and post-test accuracy of passing ball of the Set Passen exercise group obtained tcount = 5.43. From the list of distributions t using the odds of 1-1/2? = 0.975 with df n-1 = 9 obtained the price t (0.975) = 2.26. In the hypothesis testing criteria it is stated that in tcount >tcount with ? = 0.05 then Ho rejected Ha accepted. Then it can be concluded by using the form of practice of regulating passes and arranging the game can improve the accuracy of passing in football games in The Private Elementary School Football Extracurricular Student Al Wasliyah 30 Martubung Medan Year 2021. This research contributes to subsequent research by being able to use other variables as treatment in the accuracy of football passing. Keywords: Passing, Game, Passing, Accuracy

The Influence of an 8-Week Training Program with Small-Sided Games on the Anaerobic Capacity of Junior Football Players

"ABSTRACT. Introduction. The level of development of anaerobic capacity at footballers requires the achievement of sporting performance. Objective. The study analyses whether the anaerobic capacity is developed as a result of the participation of the athletes in a training program with small-sided football games. Methods. A group of 40 athletes aged 16-18 years old were grouped in two equal teams, named: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). During the period of the study, which was between 5.01.2021 – 27.02. 2021, the two groups were exposed to different training programs: the EG in a smallsided football games training program and the CG in a classic way. The following technology was used: Hosand GT.a – to measure HR – and the WittyGateMicrogate2 system for timing of the stress sample. Subjects took the YYIRTL1 sample. SPSS program, variant 23 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results. The results taken in the initial test (IT) between the two groups had no statistical significance in YYIRTL1 field sample was concerned, but there could be noticed significant differences in the final test (FT) for the parameter indicating the hold time in the anaerobic zone>81%HRmax (U = 67.50, N1 = 20, N2 = 20, twotailed p = .000336, d = 1.46). Conclusions. The study shows that the anaerobic capacity of subjects has developed through the implementation of an 8-week period program where small-sided football games have been used."

Preliminary study on the physical training of junior football players 16-18 years old in private clubs in the bucovina area

Preliminary study on the physical training of junior football players 16-18 years old in private clubs in the bucovina area

Level of speed abilities of young football players in various training periods

Purpose: At the highest level of the competition, the players tend to have a comprehensive motor, technical-tactical and mental preparation. It is assumed that in the training process of young players, speed is an important factor determining sports success. Therefore, the aim of the study was to try to compare the speed abilities indicator of young footballers during the summer and winter preparatory period. Material and methods: The research was conducted in July 2019 and January 2020 in Poznań. The research subject consisted of 23 young players of the Warta Poznań club in the age category of the junior football players (U14). Results: The results were statistically processed, basic descriptive characteristics were made, the normality of the distribution of differences was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the collected results from two tests dates were compared using the Student's t-test for dependent samples. Based on the the conducted research, no significant change in the starting speed level was observed at the distance of 5 meters and 15 meters, while an improvement in the level of speed abilities in terms of locomotion at the distance of 30 meters was noted. Conclusions. The level of running speed at a distance of 30 meters in the tested competitors changed in the six-month preparation cycle. There was no change in the starting speed level over the distance of 5 and 15 meters in the competition season between the preparatory period and the end of the autumn round in the competitors of the Poznań Warta club. On the basis of the conducted research, it is worth conducting experimental research based on individualized speed training on a group of 13 - 14 year old players.

Is Fear of Harm (FoH) in Sports-Related Activities a Latent Trait? The Item Response Model Applied to the Photographic Series of Sports Activities for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture (PHOSA-ACLR).

Background: Fear of Harm (FoH) predicts return to sports in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and can be assessed using the Photographic Sports Activities for ACLR (PHOSA-ACLR). This study was conducted to determine whether FoH assessed using the PHOSA-ACLR is a latent trait, and to analyze differences in PHOSA-ACLR in athletes with or without an ACL rupture. Methods: Three convenience samples completed the PHOSA-ACLR: (1) ACLR patients (n = 58; mean age 25.9 years; range 17–56; SD = 8.2; 43% male); (2) first year Physical Therapy (PT) students (n = 169; mean age = 19.2; SD = 2.0; 48% male), and (3) junior football players (n = 30; mean age = 18.3; range 17–20; SD = 3.2; 94% males). ACLR patients additionally reported functioning and Fear of Movement. PHOSA-ACLR items were analyzed with Item Response Theory using the Graded Response Model (GRM). Differences between three groups of participants were analyzed using Univariate Analysis of Variance. Results: Data fitted the two-parameter GRM, and therefore the items of the PHOSA-ACLR constitute a latent trait. There was a significant difference between the three groups in PHOSA-ACLR after controlling for age and gender (F (2, 255) = 17.1, p < 0.001). PT students reported higher levels of FoH compared to either ACLR patients or healthy soccer players. Conclusions: PHOSA-ACLR items constitute a latent trait of FoH for ACLR-specific movements. Contrary to expectations, PHOSA-ACLR is higher in first year physiotherapy students compared to patients rehabilitating from ACLR, and healthy junior soccer players.

Injuries and functional performance status in young elite football players: a prospective 2-year monitoring.

Motor function, such as strength asymmetries of the lower extremities and impaired dynamic stability, have a predictive value for the risk of injury. The present study aimed to reveal potential associations between injury and motor performance. Two hundred and five male youth elite (association) football (soccer) players (mean: 13.5±4.5 years, 57.2±30.2 kg, 168±35 cm) were included. A test battery was conducted twice per season, over two consecutive seasons (four times). Mobility (Sit and Reach Test, SnR), dynamic stability (Single Leg Hop for Distance, SLHD), linear sprinting speed (10 m, 30 m [s]), agility (Zig-Zag test with and without dribbling a ball [s]), jump performance (countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), in cm) and maximal isometric voluntary force (MIVF, in N) of the knee extensors and flexors were assessed. All injuries occurring over the two-year period, as well as training and competition exposure time, were collected and used as grouping variables for statistical difference testing. One hundred and twenty-five injuries in 93 players occurred (an injury incidence of 2.7/1000 hours of exposure). Age was associated with injury incidence (r=0.191; P=0.006). Neither DJ, CMJ, SnR nor agility performance were statistically different between injured and non-injured participants (P>0.05). Group differences did occur for sprint and strength (P=0.011; P=0.016), but these lapsed after the inclusion of age as a covariate. Only for SLHD symmetry was a non-significant trend evident after the correction for age (P=0.08). The occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries in junior football players are, probably, not related to baseline motor function. Group differences between injured and non-injured youth elite football players are mostly explained by age. Only the symmetry in SLHD could be a potential risk factor for injuries and merits further investigation.

A comparative study of anthropometric measurements and body composition between junior football and basketball players from the Serbian National League

A comparative study of anthropometric measurements and body composition between junior football and basketball players from the Serbian National League

Structured Physical Exercise Can Reduce 2.4 km Walk Time and Blood Lactic Acid Levels of Junior Football Players Persipura

Structured Physical Exercise Can Reduce 2.4 km Walk Time and Blood Lactic Acid Levels of Junior Football Players Persipura

The Impact of Circuit Training Technique in core muscles and Legs Flexibility for Junior Football players

The Impact of Circuit Training Technique in core muscles and Legs Flexibility for Junior Football players

Effects of Linear Versus Changes of Direction Repeated Sprints on Intermittent High Intensity Running Performance in High-level Junior Football Players over an Entire Season: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Changes of direction (COD) repeated sprints (RSs) might have greater relevance to football than linear RSs. We aimed to compare the effects of linear and COD RSs on intermittent high intensity running (HIR) over an entire season. Methods: In total, 19 high-level male football players (16–19 years) randomly performed linear RSs or COD RSs twice a week during their competitive season over 22 weeks. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2), and 10- and 20-m sprint was assessed pre-, mid- (11 weeks), and post-intervention (22 weeks). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: There was no interaction effect (time x group) in Yo-Yo IR2 (p = 0.36, pη2 = 0.06) or sprint tests (10 m: p = 0.55, pη2 = 0.04, 20 m: p = 0.28 pη2 = 0.08), and no change differences between groups. There was a main effect of time for Yo-Yo IR2 (p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.31) but not in sprints or VO2max. Conclusion: Linear and COD RS exercise twice a week over 22 weeks equally improves intermittent HIR performance but does not improve sprint time or aerobic power in high-level junior football players. However, due to our two-armed intervention, we cannot exclude possible effects from other exercise components in the players’ exercise program.

Analysis of Body Composition and Specific Motor Movements of Junior Football Players

Analysis of Body Composition and Specific Motor Movements of Junior Football Players

Genetic and phenotypic markers for successful athletic performance forecast

In the modern research and practical provisions for the children’s and adolescent sports, due emphasis will be made on a timely detection of the physical activity limiting factors and prudent initiatives to remove or mitigate these factors with the relevant correction tools being applied to attain the highest competitive performance standards with no detriment for the athlete’s health.&#x0D; Based on the study of the 5HTT gene polymorphisms in junior football and ice hockey players, about 25% and 20% of the football and ice hockey players, respectively, were diagnosed with the unfavourable genetic type predisposed to indirect aggression that may be of negative effect on their training and competitive activities.&#x0D; The functional deviations identified by the study dictate the need in a reasonable pharmacological intervention to optimize the metabolic processes in the CNS and VNS and help maintain the high physical and mental workability rates.

Asymmetry during Functional Movement Screening and injury risk in junior football players: A replication study.

An indicator of movement quality and potential injury risk during Functional Movement Screen (FMS) testing is the presence of asymmetry when comparing the left and right sides of the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the reproducibility of the injury risk model proposed in our previous research (Chalmers etal. 2017; derivation study) that showed an increased injury risk for elite junior Australian football players demonstrating ≥2 asymmetrical FMS subtests. We used a direct replication design. Players underwent pre-season FMS testing, and an injury surveillance system monitored 277 male participants during the subsequent regular season competition. Designated club officials monitored the weekly competition participation of players. The definition of an injury was "a trauma or medical condition which caused a player to miss a competitive game". Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the relationship between asymmetry and number of games played before first injury (ie, survival time). The level of reproducibility was determined according to statistical significance, effect size, and subjective assessment. Demonstrating asymmetry during FMS testing was not associated with a significant increase in prospective injury risk in the replication study (P>.05). Moreover, effect sizes (hazard ratios) from the derivation dataset were not within the 95% confidence intervals of the respective asymmetry predictor in the replication dataset. Subjectively, researchers were in agreement that the findings from the derivation data were not successfully reproduced. Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about using FMS asymmetry findings to derive injury risk for junior football players.

Training program in Barcelona for japanese junior football players

Training program in Barcelona for japanese junior football players