Regulation and control of young football players’ training loads

Abstract

Currently, according to the conception of children and youth football development in Kazakhstan, there has been a harmonious system formed to train young football players. The trainings are implemented by football departments of children and youth sport schools and specialized children and youth sport schools of Olympic Reserve. Recently, specialized football classes are getting widely expanded as a compulsory part of general education in many countries. However, there have not been designed sufficient methodical recommendations for teachers and coaches about the organization of training processes and rationalizing work load in specialized football classes up to now, in order junior football players to progress in specialized classes, it is necessary to draw the daily regulations properly and to define the content of physical training curriculum for different age groups. However, there are considerably scarce data available on this issue. Moreover, fluctuation of physiological functions in physical activities performed by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes have not been sufficiently studied yet. The purpose of this study is to determine the pulse rate of physical exercises and technical trainings fulfilled by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes. The research study involved 25 young footballers of age 15-16 from specialized classes of secondary schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Those young football players’ cardiovascular system reaction was defined via radio telemetry device Sports Tester that recorded average heart rate (HR), its minimum and maximum values, the sum of heartbeat during training and game, and its allocation within different physical activities. Aerobic capacities were determined using indirect method when doing physical load for 5 minutes on a veloergometer Kettler with power of 150W. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was estimated by the Astrand (1960) test. In accordance with the age of subjects, the results were correlated with the coefficient (r=1,1). The data was analyzed using methods of mathematic statistics. The results of the research study showed that determining the pulse rate of cardiovascular system activities performed by young football players measured via radio telemetry device which helped to observe the reaction of athletes’ organism to different physical loads during whole physical training classes. It is significant to mention that higher reaction of cardiovascular system in physical activities are noted in carrying out repeated game exercises within technical trainings at a quarter of the pitch without the goal areas with 2 x 2 players, also 6 x 6 players. Among physical activities of young football players, the most intensive work of cardiovascular system requires launch acceleration for 2 minutes, running jumps and outdoor games. The conducted analysis using radio telemetry registered players’ heart rate (HR), defined the pulse rate of separated parts of training and competitive activities. Received data allows coaches to classify training loads in intensity zones which help them correlate training curriculum of young football players. Thus, present research data as well as other authors’ works fills the gap in the area where physical loads of young football players’ functional systems are of studies matter.