Jujube Extract Research Articles

Functional beverage based on alginate/insoluble fraction of Persian gum, WPI and PPC beads loaded with jujube extract: physicochemical, rheometry and sensory properties

SummaryFunctional beverage with suspended gel beads made with Jujube extract (as phenolic compounds source), whey protein isolated and chickpea protein concentrated was investigated in this study. There were three types of beads including sodium alginate/insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG), sodium alginate/IFPG/whey protein isolated and sodium alginate/IFPG/pea protein concentrated. The evaluation included pH, acidity, Brix, turbidity, viscosity and sensory properties. The acidity and pH of beverages had a reverse relation as the increase in pH can be due to partial release of the extract. The outcomes showed that the highest viscosity was related to beverages containing chickpea and alginate/IFPG beads. There was a vice versa relation between the spindle round and viscosity. Moreover, the most turbidity was shown in alginate/IFPG/PPC beads' beverage on 14th day (232 NTU). Finally, the resulting beverages also showed good sensory properties.

Effect of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on intestinal flora, digestion, and immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), as an edible-medicinal fruit, is an important Chinese herbal medicine, which has several beneficial effects on host such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, and gastrointestinal protection. In the study, the beneficial effects of dietary jujube extract supplementation on digestion, nonspecific immunity and intestinal microbial diversity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The fish were fed for 56 days with diets containing 0 (control), 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% jujube extract, and then gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities, nonspecific immune genes expressions and intestinal microbial diversity were measured. Intestinal protease and α-amylase activities in 0.25% and 0.50% groups, and lactase activity in 0.50% group were significantly improved. The expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene was significantly increased in 0.50% and 1.00% groups. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) were significantly increased in 0.50% and 0.25% groups, respectively, while glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in 0.50% group, complement 3 (C3) in 1.00% group and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in jujube extract groups were all significantly down-regulated. In the gut microflora, there were significant differences in the gut abundances of three phyla (Bacteroidetes, Tenerictes, and Actinobacteria) and eight genera (Dinghuibacter, Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group, Aeromonas, Pseudarthrobacter, Acetatifactor, uncultured_ bacterium mycobacteriumand Rikenellaceae_RC9) among the four experiment groups. Moreover, the abundances of Aeromonas in 0.25% and 0.50% groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group, while Acetatifactor in 0.25% group and Dinghuibacter in 1.00% group were significantly increased. The clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) functional prediction analysis indicated that these differences of intestinal microflora were mainly in metabolism, cellular processes and signaling, and information storage and processing. These results showed that jujube extract can improve the digestive and immune ability, and induce a positive effect on the intestinal flora of rainbow trout.

Fabrication and characterization of jujube extract-loaded electrospun polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber for strawberry preservation.

Recently, using of natural ingredients gains much attention in the field of food science and active packaging. In this study, first, jujube extract was investigated for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and then, the effect of electrospun PVA/JE (jujube extract loaded into Poly vinyl alcohol) nanofiber as active packaging was evaluated to increase the shelf‐life of strawberry. PVA/ZE nanofiber film was prepared using electrospinning method, and their morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fruit preservation abilities of the nanofiber film were tested on strawberries. The strawberries were then kept at 4℃ for 15 days and characterized in terms of their properties (weight loss, TSS, firmness, and sensory analysis). Results indicated that flavonoid content of jujube extract ranged from 4.80 ± 0.01 to 13.54 ± 0.08 mg CEQ/100 g, and the DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity was from 210 ± 2.66 to 1498 ± 2.65 (GAE/g DW). The jujube extract also presented potent antibacterial activity against the investigated bacteria and fungi. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanofibers had a linear morphology and bead‐free structure; however, PVA/JE (jujube extract encapsulated into PVA nanofiber) had strip and flat organization. Strawberries in control group showed signs of decay and a decrease in visual appearance on the 6th. However, fruits in PVA/JE group had acceptable overall appearance for marketing, as no obvious sign of decay was observed on 12th day of storage. Active packaging containing herbal extracts and essential oils preserves the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the fruits.

A standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba Mill protects against adriamycin-induced liver, heart, and brain toxicity: An oxidative stress and biochemical approach.

Due to the antioxidant effects of the Ziziphus jujuba Mill (Z. jujuba), we investigated the liver, heart, and brain-protective effects of this herb against toxicity induced by adriamycin (ADR). In this study, Wistar rats were divided into 1) control, 2) ADR and 3, 4, and 5) treated groups orally administrated three doses of Z. jujuba hydroalcoholic extract for 1month. The liver, heart, and brain were removed for evaluation of the oxidative markers. Blood samples were evaluated to determine the levels of Lactate dehydrogenase, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase, and Alanine aminotransferase. Administration of Z. jujuba significantly decreased the biochemical enzymes compared to the ADR. Oxidative condition in treated rats with different doses of Z. jujuba was improved compared to the ADR group. Z. jujuba could decrease the oxidative injury through invigoration of the tissues antioxidant system. The mentioned hepatic and cardiac parameters levels improved during extract administration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the first stage, our findings and other supplementary works have shown that administration of jujube extract has prevented the effects of histotoxicity caused by adriamycin, so it seems that in the next stage, the effects of this herbal plant on patients with tissue toxicity caused by adriamycin should be evaluated and if the results are positive in pharmacological studies, it should be used as a complementary drug in the treatment of these patients.

Analysis of Main Components in Jujube and Mulberry Extracts by High-Sensitive HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS.

In order to comprehensively reflect the cigarette quality, a method combining direct injection of diluted sample with high sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- electrospray (ESI)- quadrupole (Q)- time of flight (TOF)- tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for the identification of major components of cigarette essences (jujube and mulberry extracts). Based on the observed relative molecular mass, MS/MS fragmentation behavior, MS/MS database and related literatures, the components of the jujube extract and mulberry extract were identified. The result shows that the composition of jujube extract and mulberry extract has some similarity. They all mainly contain amino acids, free amino compounds and Maillard reaction products, which are the main constituents of a cigarette essence.

Effect of Jujube Extract on Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Oxidative Stress in Morphine-treated Male Rats

Background: One of the mechanisms associated with morphine neurotoxicity is oxidative stress. Jujube fruit extract may reduce oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aims to investigate the protective effect of jujube fruit extract on the Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and oxidative stress in the cortex and serum of morphine-treated male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of 7 which were given oral administration of jujube extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg morphine for 30 days. After blood collection, separation of the serum, and homogenization of brain tissue, the activities of Catalase (CAT), AchE, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzymes were assessed. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: Oral administration of jujube extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly increased the activity of AchE, CAT, and SOD in the serum and cortex of rats compared to morphine injection (P<0.01). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg jujube extract plus morphine injection significantly increased the activity of cortical AchE compared to morphine injection alone (P<0.01). Conclusion: Jujube extract can prevent the side effects of morphine in the cortex by increasing antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of growth, sugar and organic acid metabolism and cell viability of probiotic ‎lactic acid bacteria in jujube extract

Evaluation of growth, sugar and organic acid metabolism and cell viability of probiotic ‎lactic acid bacteria in jujube extract

The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizphus Jujuba Extract Against 5-Flurouracil- Induced Nephropathy

This study assessed the protective effect of Zizphus jujube (ZJ) extract on 5‑FU‑induced alterations in renal function markers and kidney morphology in Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats were divided randomly into four groups administrated orally with 0.9% normal saline as the control group, 5-FU (40 mg/kg daily for 5 days), ZJ (500 mg/ kg daily for 5 days), and 5-FU+ ZJ (for 6 days). further biochemical experiments carried out on blood collected from the heart. Kidney tissues were obtained for analysis of catalase (Cat), glutathione S-transfers (GST), and lipid peroxide levels as well as histology analysis. 5-FU significantly reduced the enzyme activity of Cat and GST and increased levels of lipid peroxidation and plasma creatinine levels (P < 0.005). Histopathological examination showed severe wide ischemia of proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), missing in Bowman's space, and edema in the group treated with 5-FU. In addition, pretreatment with ZJ has significantly improved levels of Cat and GST and reduced lipid peroxidation and plasma creatinine levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, the histopathological analysis showed that ZJ relatively prevented the damage in renal tubular cells compared with 5-FU treated group. Supplementation with ZJ may have clinical benefit in nephrotoxicity caused by 5‑FU.

A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence.

The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly known as jujube, red date or Chinese date, are taken as fresh or dried food, and as traditional medicine worldwide due to high nutritional and health values. Traditionally in China, jujube is considered as a medicinal fruit that is being used in treating blood deficiency. In this review, the beneficial effects of jujubes on the hematopoietic functions are summarized and discussed. As illustrated in cell and animal models, the application of jujube extract possessed beneficial effects, including regulation of erythropoiesis via activation of hypoxia inducible factor-induced erythropoietin, potential capacity in recycling heme iron during erythrophagocytosis and bi-directional regulation of immune response. Thus, the blood-nourishing function of jujube is being proposed here. Flavonoid, polysaccharide and triterpenoid within jujube could serve as the potential active ingredients accounting for the aforementioned health benefits. Taken together, these findings provide several lines of evidence for further development of jujube as supplementary products for prevention and/or treatment of anemia.

In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Potential of Viscozyme®-Treated Jujube Fruit.

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly called jujube, has long been consumed for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of dietary supplementation of enzymatically hydrolyzed jujube against lung inflammation in mice. The macerated flesh of jujube was extracted with aqueous ethanol before and after Viscozyme treatment. The extract of enzyme-treated jujube, called herein hydrolyzed jujube extract (HJE), contained higher levels of quercetin, total phenolics, and flavonoids, and exhibited more effective radical-scavenging abilities in comparison to non-hydrolyzed jujube extract (NHJE). HJE treatment decreased production of inflammation-associated molecules, including nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated Raw 264.7 or differentiated THP-1 cells. HJE treatment also reduced expression of nuclear factor-κB and its downstream proteins in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Moreover, oral supplementation of 1.5 g of HJE per kg of body weight (BW) attenuated histological lung damage, decreased plasma cytokines, and inhibited expression of inflammatory proteins and oxidative stress mediators in the lungs of mice exposed to benzo(a)pyrene at 50 mg/kg BW. Expression levels of antioxidant and cytoprotective factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, were increased in lung and liver tissues from mice treated with HJE, compared to mice fed NHJE. These findings indicate that dietary HJE can reduce benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting cytokine release from macrophages and promoting antioxidant defenses in vivo.

Protective Effect of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Extracts on Ethanol‐induced Liver Injury in Human HepG2 Cells

Jujube has a long history of usage as a fruit and remedy. The main biologically active components are reported as vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and polysaccharides. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of alcoholic liver diseases and substances of antioxidant property are of special interest for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of jujube extracts against ethanol‐induced liver injury in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were pretreated with methanol extract of jujube (25–100 μg/mL) and then hepatotoxicity was stimulated by addition of 3% ethanol. With response to ethanol‐challenge, increased amount of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release were observed, whereas jujube pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of AST and ALT in HepG2 cells without appreciable cytotoxic effects. This protective effect was likely associated with antioxidant potential of jujube extracts, as evidenced by the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and restoration of the depleted glutathione (GSH) levels in ethanol‐induced HepG2 cells. Considering these properties, quantification of the bioactive compounds is very important. Contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were confirmed by LC‐MS/MS. Vanillic acid was the highest in jujube extracts followed by benzoic acid, rutin, and coumaric acid. Thus, we concluded that these active compounds may provide a pivotal mechanism for its hepatoprotective action. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism and active compounds.

Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Hydrolyzed Jujube Ethanolic Extract

Air pollutants, commonly derived from combustion reaction, are correlated with systematic inflammation, causing bronchial and asthmatic disorders. Therefore, it is very important to develop the ingredients which protect people from pulmonary damage caused by air pollutants. This study aimed at examining the anti‐inflammatory activity of Zizyphus jujube extract. Jujube fruit harvested from Gyeongsan region, Republic of Korea was ground, heated, and extracted in aqueous ethanol with or without enzymatic hydrolysis using Viscozyme® L (Novozyme, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The jujube ethanolic extract prepared after treatment with heat and the enzyme (HJE) was found to effectively scavenge radicals as well as contain the considerable levels of total phenolics and flavonoids compared to non‐hydrolyzed extract (NHJE). In vitro studies using various types of cell lines demonstrated that HJE (1) decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated Raw 264.7 murine macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner, (2) lowered secretions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) from O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐treated THP‐1 human monocytes, and (3) reduced expressions of inflammation‐associated proteins, such as cytoplasmic COX‐2, iNOS, and nuclear NF‐κB in A549 human lung epithelial cells. To further examine the anti‐inflammatory effect of dietary HJE in animal, C57BL/6J mice were orally fed HJE for 2 weeks, followed by induction of lung inflammation by i.p. administration of benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg B.W). A total of forty eight C57BL/6J mice (6‐week old male, 20–25 g) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8) as follows: (1) control, (2) B(a)P alone, (3) B(a)P+NHJE‐L (0.75 g/Kg B.W), (4) B(a)P+NHJE‐H (1.5 g/Kg B.W), (5) B(a)P+HJE‐L (0.75 g/Kg B.W), and (6) B(a)P+HJE‐H (1.5 g/kg B.W). Oral supplementation of HJE notably diminished the B(a)P‐induced elevation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma and attenuated B(a)P‐induced pulmonary inflammation as evaluated by histological observation. These findings suggest that HJE can protect the lung epithelial cells from B(a)P‐induced injury presumably through attenuating macrophage‐associated inflammatory response and could be developed into the agent that suppresses air pollutant‐induced lung inflammation.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Forest Resources Development Institute of Gyeongsangbuk‐do, and the National Research Foundation of Korea grant (Grant No. 2017R1A2B4005087) by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea.

Jujube and green tea extracts protect human fibroblast cells against UVB-mediated photo damage and MMP-2 and MMP-9 production.

Oxidative stress and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation are known as principal inducers of DNA damage and modulators of gene expression in aging process and skin photoaging, which are associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because of the antioxidant capacity of jujube and green tea, we decided to determine their protective effects of human fibroblast cells against UVB-induced photo-damage and reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. We exposed human fibroblast cells to different doses of UVB (0-20 mJ/cm2) with or without different concentrations of jujube and green tea extracts. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging activity of cell supernatant were assessed using FRAP and DPPH methods, respectively. The concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the samples were determined by ELISA kits. Fibroblast cells viability, 24 hr after UVB irradiation, reduced about 70% compared to the controls. Pre-treatment of the cells with jujube extract (8 mg/ml) increased the cell viability by almost 85% while green tea (0.5 mg/ml) protected the irradiated cells by 71%. Also, MMP-2 and MMP-9 content decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the cells pre-treated with jujube and green tea extracts. These data suggest that jujube and green tea could be useful to attenuate solar UVB light-induced oxidative stress and skin photoaging and can be suggested as a potential candidate for the development of new anti-UVB medicines and cosmetic products.

Chemical components of Choerospondias axillaris wood by TD-GC/MS, Py-GC/MS, and TG

Choerospondias axillaris is a better fast-growing species. Its bark and fruit have the functions of anti-inflammation, detoxification, hemostasis and treatment of external burns. However, due to the lack of systematic and in-depth analysis of the chemical composition of Choerospondias axillaris, it is difficult to develop high value-added products, resulting in low processing efficiency and even direct abandonment. In order to improve the application value of Choerospondias axillaris and excavate its application in many fields, this paper takes Choerospondias axillaris as the research object to reveal the characteristics of volatile organic compounds and the variation rule of molecular components of jujube before and after extraction of Choerospondias axillaris. The extracts of Choerospondias axillaris were detected and identified by GC-MS and FTIR. The pyrolysis process of Choerospondias axillaris was characterized by TGA-DTG and Py-GC-MS. The volatile organic compounds in the ethanol extracts of Choerospondias axillaris were mainly alcohols, petroleum ether extracts were mainly alkanes and organic acids, and phenylethanol extracts were mainly esters. Among the three kinds of jujube extracts, nonanal, beta-caryophyllene, humus and caryophyllene oxides and other bioactive VOCs were observed. The total content of VOCs from high to low was petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract and benzene/ethanol extract. Choerospondias axillaris has three distinct stages of heat loss treatment: the first stage is 30–50°C, the second stage is 50–200°C, and the third stage is 200–247°C. During the heat loss treatment, three critical temperature turning points (50, 200 and 237) were observed, accompanied by significant chemical changes such as pyrolysis of macromolecules into small volatile molecules. By pyrolysis of the extracts and residues of Choerospondias axillaris, a large number of new components have been produced, which can be used in other industries and provide a new way for sour jujube to become a high-grade application resource.

Ziziphus jujube protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

All components of Ziziphus jujube (ZJ) were used in medicine and food in ancient Iran and China. Cisplatin is one of the most important drugs in the treatment of solid tumors. Taking this drug can result in nephrotoxicity through several mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZJ on the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Thirty-five experimental rats were randomly divided into the following five groups (n = 7 per group) for an 8-day study: 1- Group C1 was the control group and received distilled water (1 ml/day); 2- Group C2 received a single dose of intraperitoneal cisplatin (5 mg/kg); 3- Group ZJ received 1500 mg/kg/day Ziziphus Jujube extract orally; 4- Group ZJ1 was given 1500 mg/kg/day of Ziziphus Jujube extract orally with taking a single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) on the first day only; 5- Group ZJ2 received 3000 mg/kg/day of Ziziphus jujube extract orally with taking a single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) on the first day only. Eventually, histopathological parameters, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were assessed. The findings showed that cisplatin administration resulted in severe degeneration in all parts of the nephron tubules. Also, the present study showed that MDA levels were significantly lower in both ZJ1 and ZJ2 groups compared with those in group C2 (p < 0.01). Moreover, the cisplatin-induced elevation of serum BUN levels significantly decreased in both ZJ1 and ZJ2 groups in comparison with that in group C2 (p < 0.01). In addition, serum levels of both ALT and AST were significantly higher in group C2 in comparison with those in group C1 (p < 0.05). Extensive tubular necrosis was seen in group C2. In brief, results of this research indicated that ZJ could prevent cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats.

Characterization of cAMP as an anti-allergic functional factor in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Abstract Chinese jujube has been valued for its medical properties. To examine the beneficial role of jujube in regulating the immune response, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of jujube extract and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a functional compound of jujube extract, using a mouse allergy model and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells. The investigations of the immunomodulatory effects of jujube extract on RBL-2H3 mast cell degranulation showed that the release of β-hexosaminidase (β-hex) was inhibited. In mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis, cAMP reduced the secretion of IgE and histamine in the plasma. cAMP regulated both Th1 and Th2 cytokines levels in the plasma. In addition, cAMP inhibited β-hex release and blocked extracellular Ca2+ influxes in RBL-2H3 cells. Our results demonstrate that jujube, as well as cAMP, suppressed cytokine production in the allergic response pathway, which resulted in prevention or alleviation of allergy symptoms.

Effect of Training with or without Ziziphus Jujuba Extract on Cardiokines in Heart Tissue of Myocardial Infarcted Rats.

Background:Today, the importance of physical activity as a preventative way for cardiovascular disease has attracted much attention.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of interval training with or without extract of Ziziphus jujuba on lipocalcin-2 (LCN2) and adiponectin levels in heart tissue in male Wistar rats with myocardial infarction.Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats (mean weight, 180–220 g and age, 2–3 months) were divided into five groups, including (1) Healthy control; (2) Isoprenaline-treated group (ISO); (3) ISO + jujube extracts (JE); (4) Trained ISO rats; and (5) Trained ISO rats + JE. Exercise was performed (5 days/week, for 6 week including 54-min cycles with speed of 23 m/min and 54-min cycles with speed of 15 m/min). After 48 h of the last training session, the rats were sacrificed, and their heart tissue was excised. The significant level of statistical data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.Results:LCN2 levels significantly decreased in trained ISO rats + JE group after 6 weeks of interval training with JE consumption, compared to ISO group. However, the consumption of jujuba extracts with and without interval training did not show any significant changes in adiponectin levels of rat's heart tissue, compared to ISO (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Because the LCN2 inflammatory factor decreased after 6 weeks of exercise and consumption of the extract, it seems that performing interval training with JE consumption can be an effective method in the cardiac rehabilitation phase after a heart attack.

A Risk Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for Consumption of Shucked Raw Oyster in Korea

This objective of this study was to investigate inhibitory effect of natural antimicrobials on Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Korean slaughterhouses. A mixture of 15 strains of L. monocytogenes at low (3 Log CFU/mL)and high (7 Log CFU/mL) concentration was exposed to various extracts (grapefruit seed extract, citrus fruits extract, ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, and omija extract) at 0.001-4.0μg/mL . Ginger extract, pear extract, Japanese apricot concentrate, balloon flower extract, jujube extract, and omija extract showed no antimicrobial effects to high-concentration of L. monocytogenes (7 Log CFU/mL). However, grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruit extract showed antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes at 3 and 7 Log CFU/mL with MBCs of 0.001 and 0.002 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that grapefruit seed extract and citrus fruits extract can be used to control L. monocytogenes as natural antimicrobials.

Application of Zizyphus Lotuse - pulp of Jujube extract as green and promising corrosion inhibitor for copper in acidic medium

The study of the inhibitory power of the Pulp of Jujube (PJ) extract of the plant Zizyphus Lotus with respect to the corrosion of copper in 1 M hydrochloric medium has been realized. This study was conducted by stationary and transients electrochemical measurements, weight loss and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were used to characterize the surface of uninhibited and inhibited copper specimens. The results showed that the inhibition increases with PJ extract concentration reaching a maximum of 93% at a concentration of 1 g L−1. The obtained results indicate that PJ extract can act as a good green corrosion inhibitor for copper in 1 M HCl. The effect of temperature was also investigated and thermodynamic parameters were determined and discussed.

Technical knowledge of formulation and production of functional bread using jujube extracts and examining the physicochemical and sensory properties of the product

Technical knowledge of formulation and production of functional bread using jujube extracts and examining the physicochemical and sensory properties of the product