JSC Russian Railways Research Articles

Анализ влияния климатических факторов на потребление электроэнергии предприятиями в неперевозочных видах деятельности ОАО «РЖД»

Purpose: analysis of the costs of energy consumption by enterprises of JSC Russian Railways by type of fuel, identification of the most costly type of energy. Systematization of factors influencing energy consumption. Characteristics of climatic factors affecting energy consumption. The task was set to assess the possibility of using ASKUE data to improve the system for analyzing and planning energy consumption in non-transportation activities of JSC Russian Railways. Analysis of climatic factors affecting electricity consumption by enterprises in non-transportation activities of JSC Russian Railways. Determine the maximum time interval for analyzing energy consumption data. Methods: collecting information on electricity consumption and changes in climate characteristics. The main research method is the method of correlation analysis, which allows us to identify the most important factors influencing electricity consumption. Based on the correlation coefficient, a correlation matrix will be compiled using the Statistica software package. Results: climatic factors have been identified that have the greatest impact on the energy consumption of the enterprise in non-transportation activities of JSC Russian Railways. The maximum enlarged interval for analyzing energy consumption data has been clarified. Practical significance: climatic factors have been proposed, the characteristics of which must be relied upon when planning electricity consumption at non-transportation enterprises of JSC Russian Railways. These factors can be used in the further development of a model for planning energy consumption. The maximum enlarged interval for analyzing influencing factors has also been identified, allowing to obtain accurate results. The possibility of using hourly ASCAE data to assess and identify climatic factors affecting electricity consumption by non-transportation enterprises has been proven.

For the anniversary of Likhovskiy technical school of railway transport

Likhovskoy Technical School of Railway Transport was opened on September 1, 1994. For more than a quarter of a century of history, the educational institution has experienced a lot, but has never changed its purpose: the educational institution has always trained and continues to train qualified workers and mid-level specialists for the railway. In 2024, Likhovsky College of Railway Transport — branch of Rostov State Transport University celebrates its anniversary, the technical school turns 30 years old. Over these years, the educational institution has trained 4,259 mid-level specialists who have managed to find themselves in life, who successfully work at the enterprises of JSC Russian Railways. In many ways, it depends on the teachers whether a graduate of LiTZhT will succeed as an individual, and how his future will develop. The laws of market relations determine the need to train such specialists who are able to skillfully apply the acquired knowledge to solve emerging problems, and quickly adapt to life conditions, think critically, make the necessary generalizations and conclusions, be able to work in a team and independently.

Additive manufacturing — a new vector in the production and repair of rolling stock

The influence of the fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0, on modern industrial production and social life is analyzed. The main advantages of Industry 4.0 are presented, such as increasing productivity and occupational safety, developing new products and materials, as well as increasing the competitiveness of products. Special attention is paid to additive technologies and their role in modern engineering within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept. The methods of additive technologies, their classification by materials and production methods, as well as their various applications in various industries are described in detail. An example of the successful use of additive technologies is presented on the example of JSC Uralvagonzavod Scientific and Production Corporation, where molds and rods for casting parts with high speed and quality are created using 3D printers. The project of introducing 3D printers into the service depots of the directorate of motor car rolling stock of JSC Russian Railways is considered, with an emphasis on the economic and temporary benefits from the use of additive technologies. The concept of introducing additive technologies in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock involves the creation of support depots on the railway network of JSC Russian Railways. In conclusion, the importance of training highly qualified specialists in the field of additive technologies and the need to develop educational programs to train future employees capable of solving complex tasks of creating and applying new industrial technologies is presented. Special attention is paid to synergetic approaches in education to combine learning with scientific activity and the creation of innovative technological solutions.

Ukhta College of Railway Transport: 80 years in motion

In 2024, the Ukhta College of Railway Transport — branch of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University turns 80 years old. An informational article about the 80-year history of the technical school and modern achievements is presented. In the Ukhta College of Railway Transport — branch of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University there is a museum of the history of the creation, formation and development of the technical school; the branch preserves and develops the traditions of generational continuity. Over the years of its activity, the Ukhta College of Railway Transport — branch of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University has become a “forge” of mid-level personnel for JSC Russian Railways and the Komi Republic, graduating more than 14 thousand specialists. Currently, 600 students are studying full-time and part-time at the technical school, and consistently high ratesof employment of graduates have been achieved.

Creation of low-waste technologies at Russian Railways through the introduction of the Bars pyrolysis plant

The volume of industrial and household waste is growing annually, for the storage of which agricultural land is being withdrawn. Waste produced by Russian Railways can cause the destruction of natural ecosystems and lead to the extinction of species.To reduce the impact on natural ecosystems, Russian Railways financed the construction of the largest waste recycling plant in Russia. The uniqueness of the plant lies in its closed-loop processing system without oxygen access. No harmful substances are released into the atmosphere during the combustion process. This method of waste disposal is intended for the processing and disposal of tires, rubber-containing, polymer-containing waste, oil sludge and waste oils.Introduction of modern waste recycling technologies (Bars pyrolysis plant) by all divisions of JSC Russian Railways, it will help reduce the negative impact on the environment, will allow you to quickly and efficiently dispose of hazardous waste, as well as be cost-effective by obtaining secondary raw materials that will give the company profit and pay off the cost of installing equipment.

The effectiveness of the formation of new digital services of JSC “Russian Railways” for the registration of transportation documents in the field of freight transportation

In recent years, the sector of freight and commercial work in railway transport has undergone global changes in the field of customer orientation. The purpose of the presented scientific research is to assess the formation of new digital services and services of JSC Russian Railways for the registration of transportation documents, the provision of contactless digital formats, which have become the main tool for interaction between the client, the rolling stock operator and the carrier. The algorithm of acceptance of empty and loaded wagons for transportation in digital format is presented, the relevance of the formation of new digital services of JSC “Russian Railways” for registration of transportation documents in the field of freight transportation is proved. The feasibility study for the reception of empty and loaded wagon traffic to the transportation process in the “Digital transceiver” format with the organization of combining professions is calculated in advance, using the example of the operation of the railway station of the Eastern Polygon of railways and adjustments are allowed in the process of implementing a similar design solution for other facilities.

АНАЛИЗ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ РИСКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПЕРЕОРИЕНТАЦИИ ГРУЗОПОТОКОВ В ВОСТОЧНОМ НАПРАВЛЕНИИ

The Russian market for logistics services is undergoing significant changes. In the context of political pressure from a number of foreign countries and the imposition of a large number of sanctions against the Russian Federation, as well as taking into account the differences in the needs of individual regions and the characteristics of foreign trade relations, there is a sharp reorientation of cargo flows in the eastern direction. Such dramatic changes in supply chains occur in parallel with a significant increase in logistics risks, which raises the issue of their timely and comprehensive analysis. Taking into account the peculiarities of the geographical location of the Russian Federation, railway transport, along with road transport, plays a vital role in organizing the transportation process of various types of goods. Therefore, the analysis of open data from official sources on the transportation of container cargo through the network of JSC Russian Railways was chosen as the methodological basis of the paper. Based on data from the container shipping market, an analysis of existing logistics risks, as well as the factors that provoke their emergence, is provided. The key risks in logistics include transport, warehouse, procurement and distribution logistics risks, and uncertainty, chance and resistance are identified as the main factors of their occurrence. The paper outlines the importance of minimizing logistics risks when organizing the transportation process in the eastern direction of Russia and provides a number of ways to reduce the likelihood of risk occurrence. One of these methods is risk dissipation. The implementation of this method is shown by the example of the implementation of an organizational group of activities at the Eastern training ground, which allows reducing the load on the railway and port infrastructure. As a result, the likelihood of risk occurring in logistics processes is reduced.

Improving Cargo Transportation Planning Based on Digital Technologies

From the beginning of 2023, JSC Russian Railways has been gradually connecting logical controls to limit the acceptance of applications for the transportation of goods of the GU-12 form beyond the infrastructural capabilities of JSC Russian Railways. The presence of restrictions will be determined based on the results of calculations of the Dynamic Infrastructure Load Model (DILM) of JSC Russian Railways. This control limits the possibility of coordinating requests for transportation and the daily client loading plan (DCPP) beyond the calculated capabilities of the infrastructure. In addition, the automated system “Electronic Consignment Note” (AS ETRAN) implements automatic consideration of requests for transportation in all types of traffic with destination to limiting directions. The operation of the system is based on forecasting the occupancy of infrastructure elements for the entire period of transportation planning using data on operations with trains/cars in motion, loaded but not yet dispatched cars, as well as previously agreed upon requests for transportation. Data on the parameters of public infrastructure facilities are taken into account, including taking into account the implementation of planned repairs and construction and installation work, as well as non-public railway tracks. The system implements the determination of possible alternative schedules in the absence of the possibility of acceptance for transportation in accordance with the schedule declared by the shipper.

ON THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF FREIGHT SERVICES OF JSC «RUSSIAN RAILWAYS» WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE EAST SIBERIAN RAILWAY

In the current economic environment, in order to develop customer focus and improve the quality of freight transportation planning at JSC Russian Railways, the priority activity is the development of modern freight services to improve the quality of services provided to railway transport customers in order to simplify access to the services of the Russian Railways holding company in the field of freight transportation, customer-oriented approach, organization of freight forwarding services and logistics services on the «one-window» principle. Creating a single information space between participants in rail freight transportation and ensuring monitoring of the fulfillment of contractual obligations for the delivery of goods and carrying out mutual settlements online is one of the primary tasks of the joint-stock company.In a scientific article within the framework of the implementation of the state program «Digital Economy of Russia» at JSC Russian Railways, the author examines the issues of modern development of freight services at JSC Russian Railways to attract new customers and increase the loyalty of existing ones. The digital transformation strategy of JSC Russian Railways is the process of changing the industry’s activities in the digital economy. These changes consist of: searching and implementing innovations, expanding the range of services offered to the market and introducing digital products.

Retrospective assessment and forecast of the level of development of intelligent transport infrastructure (using the example of JSC Russian Railways)

Objective: conduct a retrospective assessment and obtain a forecast of the level of development of the intellectual transport infrastructure of JSC Russian Railways in 2004-2027. Methods: econometric modeling, analysis, comparative approach, statistical method, generalization. Results: the system of indicators for assessing the level of development of an organization’s intelligent transport infrastructure has been developed; using the developed system of indicators, the level of development of the intellectual transport infrastructure of JSC Russian Railways was assessed retrospectively and dynamically during 2004-23; forecasts of these indicators for 2024-27 has been built on the basis of models of autoregression with their accuracy assessment; also the comparison has been made of the level of development of JSC Russian Railways intellectual transport infrastructure with the similar levels for BNSF railway company (USA) and CN railway company (Canada). Main conclusions: the results obtained can be used in further research of the development of the organization’s intelligent transport infrastructure.

Bifurcation Points of Carbon Regulation

There are 1800 climate change laws around the world. In recent years, the rapid increase in carbon emissions has caused global warming and climate pollution, causing serious harm to social development and human health. Reducing carbon emissions is getting a lot of attention. Since the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, many countries have made efforts to reduce carbon emissions.The article describes the international processes intended to adopt regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, including the regulated market for quotas and the voluntary market for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The emphasis is on European and Russian quota mechanisms. The stages of development of transborder carbon regulation in the EU are highlighted. It is noted that in Russia, the leader in application of ESG criteria is JSC Russian Railways, as a company that is consistently pursuing the transition to implementing the principles of sustainable development.The conclusions on international trends in development of carbon regulation are followed by proposals on solutions regarding problematic aspects of the new Russian carbon legislation. According to the authors, the target scenario remains the transition to a new technological structure ensuring a real reducing the carbon footprint.

Non-Financial Risks of Introducing Information Systems into the Activities of Transport and Logistics Companies

Today, digital transformation is a priority vector for development of all economic sectors of the Russian Federation; at the same time, special attention in this context is paid to the transport and logistics sector due to its great importance for the country’s economy. The implementation of information systems that meet modern requirements, as well as with added functionality, is one of the key components of work in the field of digital transformation of transport.Most often, in this regard the attention is paid to financial and technological risks, while the influence of the human factor is considered rather superficially. Hence, the need to examine the risks that are primarily associated with employees of transport and logistics companies, as well as the impact of those risks on digital transformation in general and on the process of implementing information systems in particular, to suggest ways to minimise those risks in the context of modern corporate culture. JSC Russian Railways, as well as PJSC Aeroflot Russian Airlines, are considered as examples of companies that have already implemented advancement within the digital transformation vector.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Railways

The analysis of the stages of development of industrial production by human society based on the well-known concept of four industrial revolutions has resulted in retrospection of technical and technological development of railways during the periods between the industrial revolutions in terms of core rail engineering systems (infrastructure, rolling stock, control and management system), as well as contributed to outline prospects for foreseeable period. It has allowed to identify main directions of technical and technological development of productive forces characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution.The objective of the research was to identify those directions that are appropriate to be applied in relation to rail transport as well as to choose a few specific technical and technological solutions.In the field of digitalisation, it is proposed to focus on development and implementation of intelligent management systems for each workplace or of intelligent workplaces (IWP), which ensure development of optimal solutions for numerous operational tasks fulfilled by the dispatchers on duty at railway facilities. It has been determined that for a case of a large rail company like JSC Russian Railways creation of managers’ IWPs should be based on the scale and generality of the tasks solved at numerous similar managed objects since, for example, the number of dispatching sections reaches more than 400, the number of stations and simultaneously moving trains is of several thousand, and of train sheds and infrastructure sections is of several hundred, etc. This allows creating standard systems that are further replicated for specific workplaces while considering local specifics.Intelligent systems integrate as important elements fast-growing production of increasingly miniaturised, and to be underlined, constantly cheaper sensors, capable today of being built into almost any objects that in terms of railways comprise, for example, a wheel of a wagons or of a locomotive, engines, rails, any wagons or containers. This allows continuously monitoring the current state of any objects, as well as their nodes resulting in fundamentally new opportunities for reducing the cost of maintenance of rolling stock and infrastructure, as well as ensuring transport safety. Thus, for the first time ever, the task of achieving «absolute» rail traffic safety can be set.The article includes a forecast of the approximate time of the advent of the fifth industrial revolution and the trajectories of development of technical systems of railways for the period before its start. The use of the results of the study is supposed to facilitate to concretise directions of the promising technical and technological development of rail transport.

Situation analysis of locomotive reliability on the Far Eastern railway

Under the operating conditions of the locomotive fleet, a preventive maintenance and current repair system for locomotives is used, on the basis of which reliability is managed by regulating the norms of overhaul runs. Regulation of the norms of overhaul runs is carried out to optimize the risks of failure of locomotives along the route, thus the system for managing the reliability of the locomotive fleet is arranged. The conditions for regulating the norms of overhaul runs of locomotives are limited by the internal regulations of the monopoly company (JSC Russian Railways) and take discrete values of no more than 20 % of the established values. Often, the regulation of the norms of overhaul runs of locomotives is carried out only in the direction of increase due to attempts to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair. However, this approach does not take into account the possibility of increasing costs due to the consequences of a failure along the route and unscheduled repairs, which characterizes the lack of accountability in making such a decision, which is undoubtedly an urgent problem for the locomotive complex.The article presents the statistics of failures of locomotive units for enlarged groups of equipment according to the form TO-15 “Report on unscheduled repair of locomotives” for the Far Eastern Railway and uses methods for situational analysis of locomotive failures.As a result of a situational analysis of locomotive failures, limiting (overhaul run norms) groups of locomotive units were established, the stages for resolving the issue of the lack of accountability of decisions made under the conditions of optimization of locomotive run overhaul norms were determined.The value of the results obtained lies in the possibility of improving the system for managing the reliability of locomotives — the system of maintenance and repair in the field of decision-making on the gradient of optimizing the norms of overhaul runs.

Factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy, including the accuracy of estimating the cost of construction of railway infrastructure

The author of the scientific publication examines the factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy, including the accuracy of estimating the cost of construction of railway infrastructure. The article presents a brief description of railway transport in the Russian Federation according to the annual report of JSC Russian Railways. Factors of influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy have been identified and described, such as: promoting industrial development, export of goods, increasing mobility of the population, reducing transport costs, creating new jobs, developing tourism, increasing investment, reducing dependence on road transport, increasing exports of goods, reducing the costs of transporting agricultural products, developing the transit potential of the Russian Federation. The main features of railway transport relative to other modes of transport (road, air, rail and pipeline) have been identified. The author considers the accuracy of estimating the cost of railway infrastructure construction to be one of the factors influencing the influence of railway transport on the development of the regional economy. The author believes that insufficient accuracy in determining the cost of construction can lead to underfinancing or overestimation of construction costs and, as a result, an incorrect assessment of the economic efficiency of construction, which can cause a delay in the project or require additional investments during its implementation that could have been planned for the implementation of regional development projects. The author believes that when assessing the economic efficiency of construction, it is necessary to take into account the accuracy of the construction cost assessment, which is the basis for an informed decision on the start of implementation of a particular investment and construction project in railway transport.

Key performance indicators in JSC Russian Railways

Key performance indicators in JSC Russian Railways

Совершенствование системы планирования и распределения локомотивных бригад в полигонных технологиях ОАО «РЖД»

Implementation of a comprehensive scientific and technical project JSC «Russian Railways» - «Digital Railway» in the context of the implementation of polygon principles in management of the transportation process makes it possible to achieve the maximum synergistic effect from scientific and technological progress of the cumulative industrial operation of modern automated control systems in railway transport. Particularly relevant is the development of an economically in demand area for the competitive fulfillment for the control of traction equipment at certain stations, train sections and directions of the railway network. The authors take into account the potential, experience and competence of certified locomotive-composition teams on a competitive basis. Technical advancement of this area in the production and economic activities of railways will ensure a reduction in the operating costs of railway transportation (contractual relations on the «on demand» principle of carriers with locomotive crews on orders for driving a train or shunting unit), increasing the responsibility and quality of locomotive management due to the personal material interest of locomotive crews. The authors take into account the work carried out at JSC Russian Railways to ensure the safety of trains and shunting trains in terms of the widespread equipping of locomotives with driver safety and vigilance devices. The article discusses the functionality and algorithm of work of the «Intelligent system for managing aggregated transportation on the railway network (ISU AP)» in terms of making management decisions by the carrier to meet the needs for the volume of train, local work through the automated distribution of requests for driving a train to its destination between free locomotive teams in feedback. The industrial implementation of automated control systems in the locomotive complex of JSC Russian Railways contributes to the cost-effective provision of traction by locomotive crews.

Intermodal transportation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and digitalization

The paper deals with topical issues of organizing intermodal transportation in the context of the restrictions and difficulties that have arisen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the increasingly active processes of digitalization of the logistics industry. The analysis of the main trends in the freight transportation market during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic was made, as well as in 2020-2021. The main trends in the development of the market have been identified; both in the context of the current situation and taking into account the emerging trends. The priority types of transport are determined based on the analysis of data from the Association of American Railroads, JSC Russian Railways, the United Nations (railway transport, maritime transport, road transport - for the "last mile"), the relevance of which is obvious today. The relevance of the introduction of advanced digital and information technologies for all participants in the supply chain, both individually and globally, was also identified - the creation and implementation of digital logistics platforms.

The Impact of the Waste Disposal Process on the Environmental Safety of Russia

The urgency of the problem of waste disposal in recent years has attracted more and more attention of mankind. The article discusses the issues of the need for waste processing and the development of environmental strategies for the development of enterprises, in particular JSC Russian Railways, as well as the issue of creating and developing a GIS that provides information interaction between participants and provides up-to-date information on the state of the environment and sources of negative impact on it.

НАУЧНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ТРУДА КАК ОДИН ИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

The object of the study is the company JSC Russian Railways, which provides infrastructure and locomotive traction services in railway transportation. The subject of the paper is the scientific organization of labor in railway transport. The purpose of the study is to determine the range of opportunities and influence of the scientific labor organization (taking into account the use of digital technologies) to increase the productivity and quality of the company’s work, and to ensure the sustainable development of the industry as a whole. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that nowadays railway transport plays an important role in the global economy and ensuring interregional links between various economic entities. The methodological basis of the research is domestic and foreign scientific sources; the information basis is the corporate reporting of JSC Russian Railways and publicly available statistical data. The research results and proposals presented in the article can contribute to the sustainable development of the company and increase its competitiveness in the transport market, as well as can be used by researchers, students, graduate students, teachers, employees of transport organizations, and other sectors of the economy, whose scientific, educational and practical activities are related to the development and implementation of principles and mechanisms of scientific organization of labor. Conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the tools of scientific organization of labor for the purposes of sustainable development.