Journalistic Work Research Articles

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The online publication examines the implementation of freedom of speech and the requirements set for editorial work based on selected legal cases and the decisions of Council for Mass Media in Finland, which evaluates the ethics of journalism. The presentation aims to identify and illustrate" the problem areas of journalistic work by connecting the discussed case examples as part of the chronological editorial work process. Presentation starts from the external starting points of journalism (Journalism's operating environment), the general rights related to freedom of speech and access to information (The public's relationship with the media) and the journalistic decision-making power and independence of newsrooms, where we also look at possible abuses of media power (Journalism's credibility). The chapters following these parts deal with the time-sequenced practices of editorial work (Information acquisition, Story implementation, Publishing, and Follow-up journalistic activities). "Efforts have been made to follow selected legal cases until their final, legally binding decisions" Some of the cases have been resolved in the national district court, court of appeal or supreme court proceedings, but some of these have progressed to the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, which interprets freedom of speech. The examples also include non-accusation settlements regarding the use of freedom of speech. In the cases decided by the Council for Mass Media in Finland, features assessed as both unethical and meeting ethical requirements have been dealt with. In the examples, ethical interpretation of the considered part of the solution has been described, but the exempt-condemnatory marking that characterizes the conclusion as a whole has been removed. The publication is based on the author's lecture courses on legal standards and ethics of journalism at the University of Jyväskylä and its partner institutions.

Interpreting or Reporting? An Analysis of Journalistic Interventionism Across Western European Countries

ABSTRACT The literature comparing journalistic roles around the world highlights different ways of understanding journalistic work across countries. One of the main differences in conceptualising concerns the journalist’s propensity for intervention: where in some contexts it is common practice for journalists to intervene with commentary and interpretation; while in others there is a tendency to adopt a more neutral reporting style. Through the conceptual lens of journalistic role performance, this study investigates the performance of the interventionist role within its two analytical sub-dimensions (content-driven interventionism and style-driven interventionism), together with the specific indicators related to each of the two (interpretation, journalist point of view, call to action, qualifying adjectives, and use of the first person) across nine Western European countries. Contrary to expectations, our data show a higher level of interventionism—particularly content-driven—in Central and Northern European countries when compared to those belonging to the polarised pluralist model theorised by Hallin, D. C., and P. Mancini. (2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge University Press). Moreover, in almost all the countries considered, when journalists do intervene with their own voice, they predominantly do so through rhetorical devices of interpretation and by expressing their point of view.

Righting jazz history

Given the historical focus of jazz journalists on the male jazz world and the propensity for early jazz journalism to be written by and for men, the lack of research on women jazz journalists is not surprising. However, women have been at the center of jazz journalism from the beginning. Their acceptance in the jazz world, however, has been hard fought. As writer Val Wilmer said in her autobiography, jazz writing is ‘something that men did’. This article seeks to address the lack of research that has been devoted to women jazz journalists by focusing on the work of journalists between the 1930s and the 1980s. Focusing on such women writers as H. M. Oakley, Marili Ertegun, Barbara Gardner Proctor, Dorothy Ashby, Val Wilmer, and others, this article will go beyond a reclaiming of these writers’ works and analyze how jazz journalism by female writers is feminist.

Публицистика А.И. Солженицына как средство культурфилософской коммуникации

Journalism is traditionally considered as one of the means of effective communication. At the same time, writers often use a journalistic word to broadcast their ideological position regarding socio-cultural phenomena, respectively expressing original judgments of a cultural-philosophical nature. Among such authors is undoubtedly the outstanding Russian writer, thinker, historian, researcher of cultural and philosophical aspects of Russian history, public figure Alexander Solzhenitsyn (11.12.1918–03.08.2009), whose 105 th birthday is celebrated this year. The purpose of this article is to consider what cultural philosophical ideas this writer communicated to contemporaries and future generations in his journalistic works. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and interdisciplinary methods, as well as cultural analysis and cultural and philosophical tradition. According to the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that A. I. Solzhenitsyn actively used his journalistic works for cultural and philosophical communication with readers, which was expressed in philosophical and cultural reflection on such phenomena as, for example, freedom, nation, truth and lies, morality, morality, spirituality.

Expectations of journalistic actors in the digital age: A conceptual framework

Abstract Journalists constantly navigate pressures and competing expectations from diverse stakeholders, all of whom have an interest in shaping journalistic work. Scholarship examining the wide range of influences on journalists has often placed the journalist at the center of the inquiry. We further the argument that there is an urgent need to place more emphasis on understanding the expectations that various stakeholders hold of journalists. To do so, we introduce a conceptual framework to (1) explore expectations across a range of modalities, forms and contexts, and map out their diversity across different stakeholders, and (2) to evaluate which stakeholders’ expectations may hold the power to prompt change and conformity in journalism. By triangulating different perspectives, we gain insight into whose expectations journalism may be prioritizing and fulfilling, or conversely, failing to meet.

Refleksje Józefa Andrzeja Gierowskiego o polskiej kulturze i nauce w XVIII wieku

The issues of the history of culture and science of the eighteenth‑century Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth are rare in the works of Józef Andrzej Gierowski. This article analyses his views on these issues. He devoted most attention to the subject of the beginnings of the Enlightenment in Poland, joining a long scholarly discussion about it. He agreed that the precursors of the Enlightenment in Poland were already active in the 1740s, during the era of the Wettins’ rule. He pointed to educational reform, writing activity (Benedykt Chmielowski’s, the political and journalistic work of a number of writers) and publishing (especially of the Załuski brothers), and the development of periodicals as the three pillars on which reforms were carried out in the future – during the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski. In addition, and just as importantly, he drew attention to methodological weaknesses concerning the study of intermediate periods, i.e. between the Baroque and the Enlightenment. He also pointed out the need for a comprehen-sive picture of the cultural history of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18 th century – proponents of both Sarmatian culture and Enlightenment thought.

Decoding algorithmic literacy among journalists

Recent developments in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revitalized academic discourse on algorithmic systems, particularly on their potential, ethical considerations, risks, and regulatory challenges. Extensive research has examined how algorithms affect communication processes, focusing on their influence on news organizations, journalistic practices, public-media dynamics, media literacy, and combating disinformation and filter bubbles. An emergent strand of research defines and measures the multidimensional concept of algorithmic literacy. However limited research exists on the intersection of algorithmic literacy and journalism. This gap is particularly concerning given the pivotal role of journalism in shaping public discourse, informing citizens, upholding democratic values and contrasting disinformation. Understanding how journalists perceive and engage with algorithms is essential, as these technologies significantly influence their professional tasks, including content production and distribution. In Portugal, where newcomer journalists work in precarious conditions and digital media transformation is rapidly evolving, understanding how journalists interact with and perceive algorithms is vital. Our study, through a multi-phased approach, aims to fill this gap questioning how can algorithmic literacy, encompassing cognitive, attitudinal and behavioural dimensions, be effectively assessed among professional journalists? The exploratory results present a validated methodological tool, instrument based on a multi-dimensional analytical framework and specifically designed to measure algorithmic literacy levels and to assess journalists’ experiences. Critical discussion addresses the methodological procedures and preliminary findings from the pre-test, offering insights into Portuguese journalists' understanding, perceptions, and competencies regarding algorithmic systems. By shedding light on the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of journalists’ engagement with algorithms, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the algorithmic literacy among journalists, which is essential to sustain the quality of their work and for an effective counteraction against disinformation. It also opens avenues for similar studies in other geographical or professional contexts.

Intelligence of Kazakh: Idea of national liberation in literary works of Alash figures (XIX-XX)

Relevance. This article highlights the historical context of Kazakhstan's struggle for independence amidst Russian colonial policies, underscoring the importance of literary works as a means of cultural and political resistance.Purpose. The primary aim is to explore the contributions of the Alash Orda movement and key figures like Alikhan Bokeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov, Mirzhakyp Dulatov, and Magzhan Zhumabayev in fostering a sense of national identity and resistance against colonial domination. It examines the use of literature and journalism by the Kazakh intelligentsia to inspire and educate the populace, aiming to understand their role in the broader struggle for Kazakh independence.Methodology. The study employs a historical and literary analysis of primary and secondary sources, including poems, newspapers, and manifestos, to trace the evolution of the national liberation idea among the Kazakh intelligentsia. It also considers academic works and analyses by historians and literary critics to provide a comprehensive overview of the period and the impact of Alash Orda on Kazakh nationalism.Results. The analysis reveals that despite facing severe repression, including imprisonment and execution, members of the Alash movement significantly contributed to the awakening of Kazakh national consciousness. Their literary and journalistic works, such as the publications of "Kazakh" and "Awake Kazakh", played a crucial role in mobilizing the Kazakh people against colonial rule and in advocating for independence and cultural preservation.Conclusions. The article concludes that the Kazakh intelligentsia's efforts in the national liberation movement were instrumental in shaping the modern Kazakh national identity. Their legacy continues to inspire current and future generations, emphasizing the significance of cultural and political activism in achieving national sovereignty. The study underscores the need for continued research into the contributions of these figures to fully appreciate their impact on Kazakhstan's history and identity.

Genre Features of G.D. Grebenshchikov Journalism (based on Minutes of Silence correspondence)

The article is devoted to the identification of genre-forming features of G.D. Grebenshchikov's journalistic creativity on the material of his work Minutes of Silence. The genre analysis of the text based on the description of its themes, composition and style allows one to assume that the genre nature of the writer’s journalistic work can be defined as multi-genre, with a clear inclination to the genres of fiction. Thus, the themes identified in the process of analysis (war, parting and loneliness) are relevant to the historical period of the creation of the work and, in general, to the journalism of the early twentieth century, but the theme of love (devotion, fidelity) as one of the key themes of Russian literature, is traditionally revealed through the genres of the story, novella, novel. In terms of composition, G.D. Grebenshchikov's text is closest to the genres of portrait sketch and reportage, but the author present in the text is interested not so much in the external background of the event, as in the dynamics of internal states and experience of the characters. In non-fiction works of the writer there is a peculiar author's style, which allows one to actualize the author's understanding of the observed event through a variety of stylistic means.

The Mechanism of Newsroom and TV Journalist Work Routines during the COVID-19 Pandemic

A disease outbreak known as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Diseases 2019) is currently affecting virtually every part of the planet. The COVID-19 outbreak is a catastrophe that endangers and disrupts life, causes fatalities, traumatizes victims, and engenders a climate of threat and fear. The COVID-19 pandemic tragedy not only affected the number of sick and deceased individuals but also altered work schedules in the neighborhood. Additionally, COVID-19 has brought about changes in journalism, particularly in television journalism. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the mechanism governing the operational procedures of newsroom and television journalism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectancy Violation Theory and Judee K. Burgoon’s Interaction Adaptation Theory were both used in this study. This research approach employed a constructive subjective paradigm and utilized a qualitative case study methodology. The subjects of this study were the journalists and editors of iNews TV and Metro TV. The study’s finding show that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted how journalists work both in the workplace and in the field, causing disruption and changes to their routines. Nevertheless, the pandemic has also prompted an acceleration of the process of adapting how journalistic tasks are carried out, both in the newsroom and on the ground. Despite the acceleration, the COVID-19 epidemic has expedited the process of adaptation and adjustment. Finally, the transformation has resulted in new business strategies in the television industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Maintaining Online Media Amidst the Aggressive Determinism of Social Media

Online media is the new face of the existence of mass media, which enjoyed its heyday as a medium of information for society. However, this heyday did not last long, because social media is not only a threat but has also shifted the position of mass media as an information medium. This research aims to determine the extent of efforts made by online media to maintain its existence amidst the aggressive determinism of social media. This research was carried out using a qualitative approach with the method used being a case study. The research was conducted on the online media Jatimtimes.com and Tugumalang.id. The research results show that Jatimtimes.com specifically targets young people as an audience segmentation because young people are very familiar with and cannot even be separated from the existence of technology and social media. This encourages Jatimtimes.com to present news that suits the needs of young people as their main audience. Meanwhile, Tugumalang.id places more emphasis on writing news straightforwardly and clearly as it should be presented in writing journalistic works. Writing news in straightforward and clear language will be easier for readers to understand.

КОНЦЕПТ «РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ» В ЭПОПЕЕ «КРАСНОЕ КОЛЕСО» И ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ А.И. СОЛЖЕНИЦЫНА: КУЛЬТУРФИЛОСОФСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ

At present, the issues of studying historical experience, restoring cultural and historical memory, articulating national-specific features and properly comprehending crucial events for the history of Russia are of particular importance. One of the universal and relevant sources here are literary and artistic works written by outstanding and recognized authors. A significant phenomenon in this regard is the revolution and its comprehensive study. Consideration of the concept of "revolution" in the epic "Red Wheel" and the journalistic works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn through cultural and philosophical synthesis is the purpose of this work. The methodological basis of the study was made up of both general scientific and interdisciplinary methods. During the work on the article, the author mainly turned to the cultural philosophical synthesis. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the concept of "revolution" is presented ambivalently in the epic "Red Wheel" (as a positive and negative event). As a positive event, the revolution is presented as a phenomenon of rare spiritual beauty, a continuous celebration of hearts, a musical and attractive event. At the same time, the revolution symbolizes the truth, the renunciation of arbitrariness, concretizes the truth, and also heals the people's soul. The revolution as a negative event is depicted in the narrative as robbery, chaos, cruelty, stupidity, a bloody explosion, characterized by a spontaneous and uncontrollable course. In the space of publicistic works, A. I. Solzhenitsyn also comprehensively comprehended the phenomenon of revolutions, dividing them into moral and physical. The writer considered moral revolutions an unexplored saving phenomenon, the only possible way of radical transformation, a symbol of evolution. Physical revolutions, on the contrary, undermine the historical process, as they are unnatural, pathogenic in nature, sow chaos, bring to life base instincts, the decline of morals, the disintegration of the family, universal hatred. Such revolutions are often born under the guise of denial of culture, morality and religion.

Философские основания воззрений И.Х. Озерова

The subject of the article is the analysis of the philosophical foundations of the economic views of a major pre-revolutionary and Soviet economist Ivan Khristoforovich Ozerov (1869–1942). In the course of the study it is noted that Ozerov’s economic views are methodologically similar to state socialism. At the same time, the au-thor draws attention to the fact that in Ozerov’s scientific and journalistic works a significant part is occupied by the consideration of social development through the prism of institutions, which allows us to talk about the for-mation of methodological foundations of institutionalism in Russia in parallel with the West. It is noted that de-spite the material orientation of his activities, Ozerov also paid attention to the spiritual world. He has three jour-nalistic works to his credit, in which the economist’s idealistic perception of reality is manifested. In the course of the study, the author concludes that the main philosophical basis of Ozerov’s economic views can be con-sidered idealistic materialism.

An exploration of his thinking: Dolores Joseph Montout and the Costa Rican Caribbean, 1930-1938

This article is an exploration about the thinking of a writer, thinker and Afro-Costa Rican activist Dolores Joseph Montout, especially his relation ship with the Caribbean zone. The reconstruction of his ideas is based on his journalistic work in the Thirties, in The Searchlight and The Atlantic Voice, which he assiduously wrote about his mainly concerns about the Afro-Costa Rican people. It is recovered three basic aspects of his work: a) his nationalistic inquisitiveness and his struggle for the integration and citizenship of the afro-descendant, b) his relation and controversy with the ideas of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the attacks as a consequence of his position and c) the importance that he gives to education and the intellectual background of the young people for the development of their culture, for example, through the Alpha Literary Club. As conclusions, it is evinced the contradictory and complex of his thinking and the diversity and differences among the Afro-Costa Rican people between 1930 – 1938, their nationalistic and patriotic ideas, just as the importance to continue with this kind of studies, both from the author and from other thinkers that have been made invisiblein the history of the Costa Rican Caribbean.

The Soviet Adherer of the Pochvennichestvo: Reflections on the Worldview of Vladimir Alekseevich Chivilikhin

The paper attempts to review the mindset and ideological foundations of the works by the Soviet writer and publicist Vladimir Chivilikhin, whose novel‑essay “Memory” was not only a phenomenon in the Russian Soviet literary process of the second half of the 20th century, but also served as an occasion for a broad public discussion, which allows us to consider it as the significant event of public life and the basis for analyzing the intellectual discourse of the late Soviet era. At the same time, the research is based not only on the author’s fiction and journalistic works, but also on personal materials (diaries, letters, memoirs) and is conducted in the context of social and ideological problems of the last decades of the Soviet period.

Ә. НҰРШАЙЫҚОВ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКАСЫНДАҒЫ АВТОРЛЫҚ СУБЪЕКТИВТІЛІК

This article examines the role of authorial subjectivity in the work of Azilkhan Nurshaykov, a writer-journalist who contributed significantly to Kazakhstani literature and journalism. The scientific aspect of A. Nurshaykov's journalistic activity, which had a large impact on public opinion and played an essential role in the development of humanistic concepts, is discussed. The study's goal is to describe the author's concept in journalistic works based on personal experience, perspectives, feelings, analysis and evaluation. The primary focus of the research is the author's publicistic works, which contain the author's thoughts and opinions. The author's perspectives and approaches to public and societal issues are taken into account in the journalist's profession. The author's notion will be acknowledged in philosophical, social, cultural, personal, and other aspects depending on the work's subject and genre. The study examines theoretical and empirical methodologies, as well as contextually analyzing essential characteristics of authorship that contribute to the integrity and uniqueness of a journalist's work and determine individual style. This helps readers comprehend the concept of authorship in a journalist's work. The paper investigates the journalistic laboratory he worked in for nearly two decades and analyzes his perspectives on the concept of journalist. A writer-journalist's viewpoint based on life experience is critical for developing journalists' professionalism and competency. The study's relevance and innovation stem from the development of contextual analyses that connect the author's subjectivity in journalism with the stylistic-genre, creative, and poetic characteristics of A. Nurshaykov's works. The article's value is additionally boosted by providing theoretical explanations of features of authorial subjectivity of international and domestic journalists, including the role of journalistic texts in content production and their influence on reader perception.

ІСТОРІЯ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖ І МЕСЕНДЖЕРІВ ТА ЇХ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ ЖУРНАЛІСТІВ

Social networks and messengers have become an integral part of our lives. In the work of journalists, they play a significant role, because with their help, they not only search for information, communicate with the heroes of the materials, but also become an opportunity to promote media production and build an image. Journalists are constantly looking for promising social platforms to inform the audience. In Ukraine, as in the world, popular social platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, X, TikTok, Youtube) are mostly used, but each country has its own local social networks and messengers that are aimed at the local population. And in Ukraine, there are also social platforms that were created by Ukrainians and for Ukrainians in order to unite them on one resource. Ukrainian social networks and messengers emerged in the early 2000s and have their own development history. In this study, we analyzed and showed how social platforms for Ukrainians emerged and developed, what contributed to their emergence. Formed a list of Ukrainian social networks and messengers in a table. Three periods of the emergence of Ukrainian social networks were also proposed: 2005–2013, 2014–2021 and 2022 and until today. Each period of emergence is associated with important periods in our history. We consider 1ua.com.ua, which appeared in 2005, to be the first Ukrainian social network. The study showed that there were significantly more social networks than messengers. We also considered whether Ukrainian social platforms have prospects for development. During the research, it was possible to learn about the functioning of 71 Ukrainian social networks and 6 messengers that were created and launched during the years 2005–2023. By Ukrainian social networks and messengers we mean those platforms that were created by Ukrainians and, for the most part, for Ukrainians.

«И младотуркам не воскресить своего отечества»: русские правые и Младотурецкая революция

The article examines the views of early 20th-century Russian conservatives (Black Hundreds and nationalists) on the causes of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, their attitudes towards the development of the revolutionary situation, and the judgments of the Russian right-wing about the consequences of the power shift in the Ottoman Empire. These questions have not previously been the subject of independent research in the scientific literature. Based on materials from right-wing periodicals (newspapers “Zemshchina,” “Russkoe Znamya,” “Moskovskie Vedomosti,” “Kolokol,” “Kievlyanin,” “Novoe Vremya”) and journalistic works by conservative authors, three significant aspects through which the opinion of the Russian right on the Young Turk Revolution was formed are identified: the ideological positions of conservatives rejecting revolutionary social changes; Turkey’s place in the system of international relations and the forecasting of geopolitical changes in light of the Young Turks’ rise to power; and the perception of revolutionary events in Turkey as a negative example of potential further developments in Russia’s domestic political situation. The range of issues related to the Turkish revolution raised by conservatives allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the foreign policy views of the early 20th-century Russian right-wing.

«По образованию я историк…». История в научном, публицистическом и художественном дискурсах Владимира Шарова

The article deals with the historiosophic concept of Russian novelist Vladimir Sharov, namely with the origins of its formation. Discourse and narratological analyses of Sharov’s texts reveal the evolution of his historical and philosophical concept and its variation depending on the type of discourse. The study identifies the principles of processing and representation of historical material in Sharov’s scientific works (this paper is the first to examine his PhD thesis in detail), in his journalistic works and novels. Sharov’s views as a thinker and his techniques as a writer begin to form in his academic historiographical study of historian S. F. Platonov’s legacy: the author focuses on the problems of the Time of Troubles and adopts the approach of using private testimonies and literary texts as sources. Sharov’s journalistic articles conceptualize and scale up the experience of his scientific historical research: the Time of Troubles is seen as an invariant of other instances of Russian turmoil; revolutions and changes of power are treated as recurring patterns; historical events are comprehended in the logic of religious, social, and political constants of Russian mentality. In the novels, these concepts become the background and the starting point for the unfolding of literary metaphors, fantasy assumptions and, eventually, the writer’s profound insights. The study of Sharov’s fictional texts leads to a conclusion that his prose is dominated by the metanarratives of messianism, eschatology, providentiality of Russia’s path, and the cyclical nature of history. The conclusion is made about the decisive role of Sharov’s historical research experience in the formation of his artistic method, about the mechanisms of transformation of historical discourse into fictional discourse, about the nature of Sharov’s historiosophic concept, rooted in domestic culture, but having its own specificity.

ПРОПАГАНДИСТСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ГЕРМАНИИ НА ОККУПИРОВАННЫХ СОВЕТСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ В ПЕРИОД ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГАЗЕТЫ «РЕЧЬ»)

The purpose of the article is to study the Nazi propaganda machine in the occupied Soviet territories during the Great Patriotic War. In most cases, this activity was carried out by means of collaborationist publications, other printed materials, and film and radio propaganda. In addition, the Nazis could organize public events, show trials, etc. The author studies the occupation German newspaper «Rech» printed in Russian, which was published in Orel. The author examines the propaganda problems. The goal of propaganda was to create and maintain a perverted Nazi ideology about the Aryan race superiority and to destroy «unsuitable» elements. The collaborationist publications caused anxiety, fear and hatred. Ideographic, historical-genetic, retrospective and comparative-historical methodologies are used in the current research. They help to reveals the features of the Nazi propaganda development in the occupied territories. In this context, such archival materials as official orders, records management materials and times of occupation letters have the greatest importance. The contents of «Rech» fully reveal the official propaganda policy. As an addition, the author studies the information from posters, other newspapers and magazines of that period, revealing the propaganda methods. To understand the propaganda impact on mass consciousness, the author pays a great attention to official and private opinions, and stories of people who lived during that period of time. The goal of propaganda methods comparative analysis is to reveal regional characteristics of publications expanding. The work of the Russian journalist, writer and researcher V. Samarin (Sokolov) is considered in the study. He was one of the «Rech» editors. New archival data are used to examine V. Samarin’s propaganda work. A special attention is paid to his active collaboration with the Nazis in Orel, and his work in emigrant press in Germany and Yale University in the USA. As a result, the author concludes that the Nazi propaganda facilitates genocide and human rights violations in the occupied Soviet territories. The Orel collaborationist publications analysis contributes to the restoration of the tragic events fuller picture in the occupied town during the Great Patriotic War.